the Ages
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Captive Animals Long Ago.
4 捕捉动物长相.
5 The First Zoos.
5 第一动物园.
8 Shifting the Focus.
8"转移焦点".
11 Zoos as Conservation Centers.
11个动物园作为保护中心.
13 Zoos Today.
13 动物园今日.
17 Conclusion.
17 结论。
22 Glossary.
22 词汇表。
23 Index.
23 指数。
24 Introduction When you visit a zoo, do you ever wonder how humans began to keep other animals in captivity?
导言 当你去动物园的时候,你有没有想过 人类是如何开始把其他动物囚禁起来的?
Have you noticed that some animals are kept in small cages, while others have more space to roam?
你是否注意到有些动物被关入了小笼子,而另一些动物则有更多的空间去漫游?
If you’ve been to more than one zoo, you also might have noticed that some zoos are larger and more modern than others.
如果你去过一个以上动物园, 你可能也注意到有些动物园比其他动物园大,
Do animals at different zoos appear to receive different types of care?
不同动物园的动物是否受到不同种类的照顾?
Zoos have changed their practices over the centuries, and they continue to change today.
动物园在几个世纪里改变了它们的做法,今天它们继续改变.
Zoos vary greatly in size and in the amount of money they have for expansions and upgrades.
动物园的规模和用于扩建和升级的资金数额差别很大.
We’ll look at how zoos began and how their purpose has changed and learn about the history of keeping and displaying captive animals.
了解保存和展示被囚禁动物的历史。
The environmental design of modern zoos can provide opportunities to learn about animals and their natural habitats.
现代动物园的环境设计可以提供了解动物及其自然栖息地的机会.
Captive Animals Long Ago Most of the great civilizations have kept wild animals on display.
长相动物 大多数伟大的文明都让野生动物得以展出.
Long ago, only kings and other rulers could afford this privilege, so keeping animals became a symbol of wealth and power.
很久以前,只有国王和其他统治者能够负担这种特权,所以养活动物成为了财富和权力的象征.
Animals were given as extravagant gifts, similar to gold and gemstones.
动物被作为奢侈的礼物赠与,类似于金和宝石.
Rulers kept these exotic animals for their own enjoyment, so cages were designed for easy viewing, with little regard for the comfort and care of the animals.
统治者将这些异地动物保存在自己所享受的地方,因此笼子的设计是为了便于取景,很少顾及动物的舒适和照顾.
As explorers traveled around the world, they discovered animals they had never seen before.
在探险家环游世界时,他们发现了以前从未见过的动物.
They often transported these animals back to their homelands along with other treasures, such as spices, jewels, and silk.
他们经常将这些动物和香料,珠宝,丝绸等其它珍宝一起运回家乡.
The Romans were known for their use of animals for what they considered popular crowd entertainment—and what animal-rights activists today would consider incredible cruelty.
罗马人以使用动物而闻名,
Roman leaders orchestrated fights between wild animals, such as lions and bears, as well as between gladiators and these animals.
罗马领导人策划了狮子和熊等野生动物之间的战斗,以及角斗士和这些动物之间的战斗.
Countless numbers of animals died in what are now thought of as spectacles of torture and cruelty.
无数动物在现在被认为是酷刑和残忍的景象中丧生。
Many of these animals were caught in the wild, while others were bred in captivity to ensure a steady supply for these brutal displays of ferocity and strength.
这些动物中有许多被捕获于野外,而另一些则被活活地养活,以确保这些残暴地展现出凶猛和力量的稳定供应.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
The renowned conqueror Alexander the Great (356--323 BC ) kept a variety of animals, including bears, monkeys, and elephants.
著名的征服者亚历山大大帝(公元前356年-323年)保存了各种动物,包括熊,猴子和大象.
He left his collection to King Ptolemy I of Egypt.
他把收藏留给了埃及国王普多利米一世.
The Greek philosopher Aristotle spent time observing the animals’ behavior out of curiosity.
希腊哲学家亚里士多德出于好奇观察了动物的行为。
He wrote a book, titled History of Animals, in which he described several hundred vertebrate species.
他写了一本名为"动物史"的书,其中描述了数百个脊椎动物物种.
Audiences in ancient Rome considered deadly fights between captive animals or people to be sport.
古罗马的观众认为被俘动物或人之间的致命战斗是运动.
During the Middle Ages, most people paid little attention to nature.
中世纪时期,大多数人很少关注自然.
But by the 1200s, there was renewed interest in animal collections, and rulers often exchanged animals as gifts.
但到1200年代,人们重新对动物收藏产生了兴趣,统治者们经常将动物作为礼物来交换.
Frederick II (king of Germany 1212–1220, Holy Roman Emperor 1220–1250) had an animal collection that included cheetahs trained for hunting.
弗雷德里克二世 (德国国王) 1212–1220,神圣罗马皇帝 1220–1250 有动物收藏,包括训练有猎豹.
Frederick traveled with his animals, taking lions, elephants, camels, and other creatures on a trip to Germany for his wedding.
弗雷德里克带着他的动物出行,带着狮子,大象,骆驼等生物去德国参加他的婚礼.
As befitted honored guests at such an important event, the animals were decorated with ornaments, gems, and expensive cloth.
动物们被装饰有装饰品、宝石和昂贵的布料。
Animals on public display continued to be regarded purely as objects of curiosity.
公开展示的动物仍然被视为纯粹的好奇物品。
They were kept in small cages with metal bars and had no way to hide from people’s view or retain their natural behaviors.
他们被关入有金属条的小笼子,无法躲避人们的视线或保持其自然行为。
The First Zoos Beginning in the 1700s, the power and privilege of kings and queens declined, and common people came into decision-making positions.
第一动物园 从1700年代开始,国王和王后的权力和特权下降,普通人进入了决策岗位.
Many royalty-only rights changed, including the sole right to keep and study wild animals.
许多只有特许使用权的权利发生了变化,包括保留和研究野生动物的唯一权利。
During the French Revolution of the 1790s, a royal animal collection was relocated to a botanical garden in Paris known as the Jardin des Plantes (zhar-DAN day PLAHNT—Garden of Plants).
1790年代法国大革命期间,一所皇家动物收藏被迁移到巴黎的一个植物园,取名"植物园"(zhar-Dan day PLAHNT-Garden of Plants).
This collection became the first known public zoological garden, or zoo.
这个收藏成为了第一个已知的公共动物园,即动物园.
During this same time period, circuses and traveling shows with exotic animals were popular throughout what would later become the United States.
在同一期间,马戏团和有异地动物的巡回演出在后来成为美国的整个地区很受欢迎。
Touring displays of North American animals attracted curious crowds, as did mixed collections of minerals, fossils, and plants.
游览北美动物的展示吸引了好奇的人群,矿物、化石和植物的混合收藏也吸引了好奇的人群。
Thinking Critically WHAT did people’s treatment of animals long ago indicate about their beliefs regarding the importance of humans relative to other living things?
对于人类相对于其他活物的重要性,
IN YOUR OPINION, how might these beliefs relate to how people treated each other long ago?
在你的意见中,这些信仰与人们很久以前如何对待对方有什么关系?
How have these beliefs changed—or not changed— over the centuries?
几个世纪以来,这些信仰是如何改变的?
It’s a Fact In the 1700s, London’s citizens were allowed to visit the animal collection housed at the Tower of London.
这是事实 1700年代,伦敦市民获准参观位于伦敦塔的动物收藏.
They had the option either to pay a small sum of money as admission or to donate a cat or dog as food for the bears or big cats.
他们可以选择要么支付小笔钱作为入院费,要么捐赠一只猫或狗作为熊或大猫的食物.
The early 1800s brought the development of larger cities as well as the idea of setting aside natural areas to be preserved as recreational parkland.
1800年代早期带来了更大的城市的发展,以及将自然地段留作休闲公园的构想.
With more open space and greater interest in the natural world, more zoological parks and gardens were created—places where people could see a variety of animals and plants.
由于空间更加开放,对自然世界的兴趣更大,因此创建了更多的动物园和花园,人们可以在那里看到各种动物和植物。
London’s Regent’s Park Zoo was established in 1828 for the purpose of studying captive animals and applying that knowledge to their wild relatives.
伦敦摄政王的公园动物园于1828年建立,目的是研究被俘动物,并将这种知识应用于他们的野外亲属.
It became the example for zoos that would be established in Europe and the United States during the rest of the century.
它成为本世纪后期将在欧洲和美国建立的动物园的榜样.
Zoos rapidly gained in popularity, offering people a respite from the dirty, ugly cities of the time as well as close glimpses into the lives of wild animals.
动物园迅速获得人们的欢迎,使人们从当时肮脏而丑陋的城市得到缓冲,并亲眼目睹了野生动物的生活。
The establishment of zoos did not guarantee adequate care for their residents, particularly not by today’s standards.
动物园的建立并不能保障其居民得到适当的照顾,特别是不能按照今天的标准。
Little was known then about the nutritional and environmental needs of the animals, so their health often suffered.
当时对动物的营养和环境需要知之甚少,因此它们的健康往往受到影响。
Social animals that normally lived in family groups were caged individually and felt stress from their separation.
通常生活在家庭群体中的社会动物被单独关入笼子,并感受到其分离的压力.
Because bare concrete cages could be hosed down easily, most animals had no objects or “furniture” to climb on except for sleeping shelves for big cats.
由于裸露的混凝土笼子很容易被冲倒,大多数动物除了大猫的睡架外,没有可以爬上的物品或“家具”。
Zoo animals had nothing to interrupt their boredom or provide stimulation.
动物园动物没有任何东西可以打断他们的无聊或提供刺激.
Early zoos rarely displayed information about animals’ places of origin or natural habits.
早期动物园很少展示动物起源地或自然习惯的信息.
Most interested visitors learned only the animals’ names and feeding times.
大多数感兴趣的游客只知道动物的名字和喂养时间。
The small cages and viewing spaces of London’s Royal Menagerie in 1816 Animals confined to small, barren spaces become unhappy and unhealthy.
1816年伦敦皇家梅纳杰里的小笼子和取景地被限制在小而贫瘠的空间中,动物变得不快乐和不健康.
Shifting the Focus Over time, it became harder to obtain animals from the wild.
移动焦点 随着时间的推移,从野外获取动物变得更困难.
Governments of foreign countries began to consider their wildlife as valuable natural resources that should be purchased.
外国政府开始认为其野生动物是应该购买的宝贵自然资源.
Also, some sought-after animals had already been trapped and hunted to near-extinction.
此外,一些被追捕的动物已经被困并被猎取到接近灭绝的程度。
These changes put pressure on zoos to take better care of their animals, since they were not so easily replaced.
这些变化给动物园带来了更好的照顾动物的压力,因为动物并非那么容易被取而代之.
Zoos shifted their focus from pure entertainment to the health requirements of their residents as well as captive breeding programs.
动物园将重点从纯粹的娱乐转向居民的健康要求以及俘虏繁殖方案。
Research revealed that zoo animals were more likely to breed if they were healthy and if their space felt similar to their natural home.
研究表明,动物园动物如果健康,如果其空间感觉与自然家园相似,更可能繁殖.
The 1960s were a decade of many changes in thinking and values in the United States.
1960年代是美国思想和价值观发生许多变化的十年.
One positive change was the greater importance placed on the natural world.
一个积极的变化是对自然世界的更重视。
In the 1970s, various organizations put pressure on zoo managers to improve animal care.
1970年代,各种组织向动物园管理人员施压,要求他们改善动物护理.
Some believed that all zoos should be closed and captive animals freed.
有些人认为,所有动物园都应该关闭并释放被囚禁的动物。
During this time, the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) clarified the importance of wild animal collections in educating the public and advancing our scientific knowledge.
在此期间,动物园与水族馆协会(AZA)明确了野生动物收藏在教育公众和推进我国科学知识方面的重要性.
Also during this time, zoos began cooperating with each other.
在此期间,动物园也开始相互合作.
As a result, captive animals received better care; lived in less stressful, more natural environments; and bred with greater success.
因此被囚禁的动物得到了更好的照顾;生活在压力更小、更自然的环境中;并获得了更大的成功。
The new tiger compound at the San Francisco Zoo provides more room to roam, run, and climb in safety.
旧金山动物园的新老虎大院为漫游,跑步,安全地攀登提供了更多的空间.
Captive breeding of giant pandas is always challenging, but the program at the San Diego Zoo has maintained continual success.
巨熊猫的捕捉性繁殖总是具有挑战性,但圣地亚哥动物园的方案一直保持着持续的成功.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Red wolves, the rarest members of the dog family, almost became extinct before biologists began to breed them in captivity.
红狼是狗族中最稀有的成员,在生物学家开始在被囚禁中繁殖之前几乎就已经灭绝了.
Red wolves were introduced in North Carolina’s Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge beginning in the late 1980s.
红狼被引入北卡罗来纳州的鳄鱼河国家野生动物保护区,开始于1980年代末.
As of June 2007, more than 200 red wolves also lived in 39 captive breeding centers.
截至2007年6月,有200多只红狼也生活在39个被俘育种中心.
Owing to the efforts of many people, red wolves are on the road to recovery.
由于许多人的努力,红狼正在恢复的道路上.
Zoos as Conservation Centers In recent years, zoos have taken on a new role.
动物园作为保护中心 近年来,动物园承担了新的角色.
As humans continue to multiply, we destroy more and more natural habitats in our efforts to obtain food, building materials, and land to live on and farm.
随着人类不断增多,我们在努力获得食物、建材和土地以维持生计和耕作的过程中,不断摧毁越来越多的自然生境。
These practices have resulted in some animal species becoming extinct in their own natural environments and surviving only in zoos.
这些做法导致一些动物物种在自己的自然环境中灭绝并只活到动物园.
For some of these threatened species, zoo captive-breeding programs—and, when possible, reintroduction into protected wild places—are the best hope for these animals to continue to live.
对其中一些受威胁物种来说,动物园养殖方案——并在可能时重新引入受保护的野地——是这些动物继续生存的最佳希望。
The AZA places increased emphasis on education, conservation, and scientific study above the entertainment value of zoos.
AZA更加重视教育、养护和科学研究,超过了动物园的娱乐价值。
Zoos will need to keep pace with changes in attitudes, technology, and the environment to fulfill their mission.
动物园需要跟上态度、技术和环境的变化,以完成任务。
One of the most important modern-day activities of many zoos is participation in Species Survival Plans (SSPs).
许多动物园最重要的近代活动之一是参与物种生存计划.
This captive-breeding program, developed by the AZA, focuses on the survival of many animal species in danger of becoming extinct in the wild.
这个由AZA开发的被俘繁殖计划,专注于许多濒临野外灭绝的动物物种的生存.
Coordinated by zoo professionals, it involves many zoos working together.
在动物园专业人士的协调下,它涉及到许多动物园合作.
The primary goal of a Species Survival Plan is to maintain a healthy, genetically diverse population of an endangered species.
物种生存计划的主要目标是维持一个濒危物种的健康、基因多样性种群。
Genetics is the field of science that studies how similar traits are passed on from one generation to the next.
遗传学是研究类似特征如何从一代传入下一代的科学领域.
Every cell in an animal’s body contains genetic material that functions like a blueprint for body structures as well as many distinct natural behaviors.
动物体内的每一个细胞都含有遗传物质,其功能如身体结构的蓝图以及许多独特的自然行为.
The scimitar- horned oryx, a type of antelope, exists only in zoos.
尖角羚(学名:Scimitar-corned oryx)是羚羊科羚羊属的一种,只存在于动物园.
A former inhabitant of northern Africa, it is now extinct in the wild.
原为北非居民,现已在野外灭绝.
Each animal carries genetic material common to its species—but it also has genetic material that varies.
每个动物都携带着其物种共有的遗传物质——但是它也有不同的遗传物质.
For example, the inherited genetic material of some individual hawks makes them a little faster than other hawks.
例如,一些个体鹰的遗传物质的继承使得它们比其他鹰快一些.
The faster hawks are more likely to catch more food, stay healthier, and reproduce more.
更快的鹰更可能捕捉到更多的食物,保持更健康,并繁殖更多.
These inherited genetic variations within a species create what is known as genetic diversity.
这些物种内遗传的遗传变异创造了所谓的遗传多样性。
Genetic diversity helps a species adapt to changes and makes the species less vulnerable to eventual extinction.
遗传多样性有助于物种适应变化,使物种更容易被最终灭绝。
For exactly this reason, SSPs do everything in their power to maintain genetic diversity.
正是由于这个原因,SSP竭尽所能维持基因多样性.
SSPs generally start with an extremely small number of animals because most have already died.
SPP一般从极少数动物开始,因为大多数动物已经死亡.
The SSP for the black-footed ferret, a native of the Great Plains, was started with only seven founders, or original animals.
大平原原地出土的"黑脚雪貂"的SSP开始只有7个创始人,即原生动物.
The red wolf SSP only had fourteen founders.
红狼SSP只有十四个创始人.
The animals in an SSP are housed at a number of different zoos to ensure that an illness or disaster at a single zoo will not wipe out the entire breeding population.
SSP中的动物被安置在一些不同的动物园,以确保单一动物园的疾病或灾难不会消灭整个繁殖种群.
Animals are transported to different facilities for mating.
动物被运往不同的设施进行交配.
A zoo professional keeps careful track of which animals have mated in order to maintain as much genetic diversity as possible.
动物园的专业人士会仔细追踪动物的交配情况,以便尽可能保持遗传多样性.
Species are selected for an SSP on the basis of their conservation status (endangered or threatened) and the availability of professionals to devote time to their care and study.
物种根据它们的保护状况(危险或受威胁)以及专业人员是否愿意专门照顾和研究它们的情况,被选入一个特别SP。
Certain species, such as giant pandas and lowland gorillas, were also chosen because they are well known and inspire people to get involved in conservation efforts.
某些物种,如巨型大熊猫和低地大猩猩也被选中,因为它们是众所周知的并激励人们参与保护努力.
More than one hundred SSPs exist at the present time.
目前有100多个供应商。
SSPs are a key way in which zoos stand at the forefront of wildlife conservation.
SSP是动物园站在野生动物保护最前沿的关键方式.
They are the best hope for many species to avoid the fate of extinction.
他们是许多物种避免灭绝命运的最佳希望.
Each SSP has a continuing goal of education and a focus on increasing public awareness of the causes of the species’ decline.
每个SSP都有一个继续教育的目标并侧重于提高公众对物种衰落原因的认识.
The National Zoo in Washington, D.
华盛顿国家动物园.
C.
C组
, started the SSP for the golden lion tamarin, a small monkey native to Brazil.
,为金狮塔玛琳开始了SSP,是一只巴西本土的小猴子.
Reintroduction to boost the numbers of wild tamarins has been successful, and the zoo is working with Brazil to protect native tamarin habitats.
为增加野生塔马林数量而重新引入已经取得成功,动物园正与巴西合作保护本土塔马林栖息地.
Zoos Today Conservation is the main focus of most zoos today.
今天动物园 保护是当今大多数动物园的主要重点.
Public perception has, to a large extent, not yet caught up with this shift in focus.
公众的看法在很大程度上还没有赶上这种重点的转变。
Zoos put an enormous effort into educating the public about their valuable role as conservation centers.
动物园在教育公众了解它们作为保护中心的宝贵作用方面做出了巨大努力。
At the same time, most people come to zoos at least in part to be entertained.
同时,大多数人到动物园来至少部分是为了娱乐.
Zoos must keep the public interested, so they are always working to develop new programs and exhibits.
动物园必须让公众感兴趣,因此它们总是致力于开发新的方案和展出.
The recent addition of a giraffe-feeding platform at the Reid Park Zoo in Tucson, Arizona, has been wildly successful.
最近亚利桑那州图克森的里德公园动物园增设了长颈鹿-喂食平台,获得了巨大的成功.
Most of the program’s profits go toward conservation projects around the world.
这项计划的大部分利润都用于世界各地的保护项目。
Zoo professionals put a great deal of effort into tools and activities that provide animals with stimulation.
动物园的专业人士将大量精力投入到为动物提供刺激的工具和活动之中.
It has been proven that captive animals with habitat enrichment do much better than those without it.
事实证明,栖息地丰富的被俘动物比没有栖息地的动物要好得多。
The goal of enrichment is to keep animals stimulated for as long a time as possible, and efforts involve a great deal of trial and error.
致富的目标是让动物受到尽可能长时间的刺激,而努力涉及大量的试验和出错.
Zookeepers may spend months developing a new form of enrichment and then discover that an animal has no interest in it.
动物园管理员可能会花几个月的时间开发出一种新的浓缩形式,然后发现动物对此没有兴趣.
Zookeepers often stimulate natural behaviors by using techniques such as hiding food in enclosures so that animals need to search and reach for it.
动物园看守经常通过使用将食物藏入围体等技术来刺激自然行为,使动物需要搜索并接触.
Other forms of enrichment include things that stimulate the senses.
其他形式的浓缩包括刺激感官的东西.
Some zoos make frozen taste treats for their animals, including ratsicles and fishsicles.
一些动物园为其动物制作冷冻口味的治疗,包括老鼠和鱼冰.
Hand-feeding a giraffe is an experience zoo visitors never forget.
手喂长颈鹿是一种体验 动物园游客永远不会忘记。
Ice is a simple yet enjoyable type of enrichment for polar bears.
冰是北极熊的一种简单而可喜的浓缩类型.
Other sensory enrichment may include stimulating the sense of smell with cooking spices.
其他感官丰富可能包括用烹饪香料来刺激嗅觉.
Sometimes zookeepers even place animal poop in an animal’s enclosure—such as giraffe poop in a lion exhibit—as a type of enrichment.
有时动物园管理员甚至把动物粪便放入动物的围起来,例如长颈鹿粪便放入狮子展出,作为一种浓缩物。
Many zoos do some amount of behavioral training of animals—often as a way to enable staff to provide better care.
许多动物园对动物进行某种程度的行为训练——常常是使工作人员提供更好的护理的一种方式。
For example, lions and tigers can be trained to touch a “target” or to put their tail through a fence.
例如,可以训练狮子和老虎去触摸一个"目标"或把尾巴放入栅栏.
Later, they will accept an injection in the same manner.
稍后,他们将以同样的方式接受注射。
A baboon can be trained to present a shoulder for the same purpose.
b可以被训练出为同样目的展示出一肩.
Such training can help zoo veterinarians provide better, and often less intrusive, care.
这种培训可以帮助动物园兽医提供更好的、而且往往较少的侵扰性护理。
A zookeeper is training this lion to touch a “target.”
一个动物园管理员正在训练这只狮子去触摸“目标”。 “
*All figures are estimates.
* 所有数字均为估计数。
This information was provided by the Reid Park Zoo in Tucson, Arizona.
这些信息由亚利桑那州图克森的里德公园动物园提供.
A constant concern at all zoos is where money is going to come from.
所有动物园都关心 钱从哪里来
It takes a huge amount of money to keep and care for zoo animals, maintain exhibits, and pay staff salaries.
保存和照料动物园动物、维持展品和支付工作人员工资需要大量资金。
Zoos must always look for ways to pay for expenses.
动物园必须始终寻找支付费用的方法.
Every zoo has a “wish list” of projects, including updating exhibits and developing new ones.
每个动物园都有一份“愿望清单”,包括更新展览和开发新的展览。
Expenses at a Zoo* 60% Salaries for staff (keepers, groundskeepers, educators, cashiers, curators, and director) 23.
* 60%的工作人员(管理人员、园地管理员、教育工作者、出纳员、管理员和主任)薪金 23岁
9% Maintenance and supplies (buildings, exhibits, equipment, vehicles) 7.
维修和用品(建筑物、展品、设备、车辆) 7. 联合国
2% Electricity 6.
2% 电力 6.
7% Food for animals 1.
7% 为动物提供食物 1.
2% Medicines for animals 1% Getting new animals Expansions and improvements are separate expenses.
2% 动物药品 1% 获得新的动物扩张和改良是单独的开支.
A new exhibit can cost from $1 million to $10 million.
新的展览费用从100万美元到1 000万美元不等。
Conclusion Today’s zoos are extremely different from the private animal collections of rulers long ago.
今天的动物园与很久以前统治者的私人动物收藏极为不同。
Over the centuries, increased knowledge has resulted in enormous improvements in the care of captive animals, the quality of their enclosures, and the environmental enrichment they receive.
数个世纪以来,由于知识的增加,对被俘动物的照料、其动物的封存质量以及它们得到的环境丰富程度都得到了极大的改善。
Most zoos are taking educated, positive, and active steps to save animals from extinction as well as to educate the public about the importance of preserving wild habitats.
大多数动物园正在采取教育、积极和积极的步骤来拯救动物免遭灭绝并教育公众保护野生生境的重要性。
The next time you visit a zoo, keep in mind that its animals are not just entertaining you.
下次你去动物园的时候 记住动物园的动物 不只是娱乐你
They are also reminding you of the amazing diversity of the natural world, which our involvement can help to protect and preserve.
它们也提醒大家自然世界的惊人多样性,我们的参与有助于保护和保全自然世界。
Carnivores—lions and tigers Meat (5 pounds a day).
肉食动物——狮子和老虎肉(每天5磅).
$50 per week per animal Treats: bones and oxtails.
每只动物每周50美元 治疗:骨头和牛尾.
$50 per week per animal Herbivores—elephants and rhinos Hay.
每个动物每周50美元,
$50 per week per animal Vitamin and mineral pellets.
每只动物维生素和矿物质粒每周50美元.
$50 per week per animal Herbivores—giraffes Hay.
每个动物每周50美元。
$25 per week per animal Vitamin and mineral pellets.
每只动物维生素和矿物质粒每周25美元.
$25 per week per animal Herbivores—zebras Hay.
每只野生草食动物每周25美元——斑马海.
50 per week per animal Vitamin and mineral pellets.
每只动物每周吃50个维生素和矿物质粒.
50 per week per animal Omnivores—polar bears Meat, fish, fruit, & vegetables.
每只动物每周50只Omnivores-极地熊 肉,鱼,水果,和蔬菜.
$200 per week per animal Tortoises (many species) Dark leafy green vegetables.
每只野龟每周200美元(许多物种) 暗叶绿地菜.
$200 per week total for 50 tortoises TOTAL = $168,000 per year for 500 animals *All figures are estimates.
50只龟每周共200美元,总计=500只动物每年168 000美元。
This information was provided by the Reid Park Zoo in Tucson, Arizona.
这些信息由亚利桑那州图克森的里德公园动物园提供.
Glossary befitted (v.)
词汇(五.)
was appropriate for (p.
适用于(p.)
7) captivity (n.)
7) 监禁(n.)
the state of being confined or without freedom (p.
被限制或没有自由的状况(p.
4) enrichment (n.)
4) 浓缩(n.
something that provides stimulation for the senses (p.
为感官提供刺激(p.
18) extravagant excessive, wasteful, or extremely (adj.)
18)过激过度,浪费,或极度(adj.
expensive (p.
昂贵(p.
5) founders (n.)
5) 创始人 (n.
the animals used to start a captive-breeding program (p.
这些动物曾经开始一个俘虏饲养计划(p.
15) gladiators (n.)
15) 角斗士 (n.
fighters in ancient Rome who fought in public to entertain other people (p.
古老的战士 为娱乐他人而公开出战的罗马 (p.
6) intrusive (adj.)
6) 侵入性(adj.
related to something that disturbs, disrupts, or invades (p.
与扰乱、扰乱或入侵事物有关(p.
19) perception (n.)
19) 认知(n.
the way in which something is viewed, understood, or interpreted by others (p.
由他人看待、理解或解释事物的方式(p.
17) respite (n.)
17) 缓期(n.
a short rest from something unpleasant or difficult (p.
从不愉快或困难的事物中短暂休息(p.
9) stimulation (n.)
9) 刺激(n.
something that provides sensory input and sparks interest (p.
提供感官输入并激发兴趣的东西(p.
10) trial and error the process of experimenting (n.)
10)试验过程并出错(n.
with many possibilities to find a solution (p.
有许多寻找解决办法的可能性(p.
18) Index Africa, 13 Alexander the Great, 5 Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), 12–14 conservation, 9, 13, 16, 17 enrichment, 18, 19 founders, 15 Frederick II, 7 French Revolution, 8 gladiators, 6 funding, 20 genetic diversity, 14, 15 Jardin des Plantes, 8 red wolves, 14 Regent’s Park Zoo, 9 Romans, 6 Species Survival Plan (SSP), 14–16 Tower of London, 8 training, 7, 19 For More Information to learn more about the work of the Association of Zoos & Aquariums.
18) Index Africa, 13 Alexander the Great, 5 Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), 12–14 保护, 9, 13, 16, 17 富集, 18, 19 创始人, 15 Frederick II, 7 法国大革命, 8 角斗士, 6 资助, 20 基因多样性, 14, 15 Jardin des Plantes, 8 红狼, 14 摄政王公园动物园, 9 罗马人, 6 物种生存计划(SSP), 14–16 伦敦塔, 8 培训, 7, 19 更多关于 Zoos & Aquariums协会工作的更多信息.
Visit www.
访问www.
aza.
阿萨
org/Cands/ and scroll down to “Find Species Survival Plan Programs” to learn which species have SSPs.
org/Cands/并滚动到“寻找物种生存计划方案”,以了解哪些物种具有SSP。