Print What?
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 From Stamps to Lasers.
4 从邮票到激光。
5 2D to 3D.
5 二维到三维.
8 A New Technology Takes Off.
8 新技术起飞。
11 Have a Heart—or a Liver!
11 发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发发
13 A Home Like No Other.
13 A Home Like No other. (原始内容存档于2013-03-27).
14 The Future.
14 《未来》。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Introduction An industrial designer is hard at work creating a digital plan for a shoe you won’t find in any store.
导言 一个工业设计师很努力地为一双你找不到的鞋制定数字计划。
She peers at the image on her monitor while using a special computer program to modify the shoe’s shape and size.
使用特殊电脑程序来修改鞋的形状和尺寸。
When she’s satisfied with her work, she hits the “print” command.
当她对自己的工作感到满意时,她就会打出“印刷”命令。
The printer at the other end of the room springs into action, whirring and humming.
房间另一端的打印机会弹出动作,发作和哼叫.
But it isn’t printing just a picture of the shoe—it’s creating an actual shoe!
不仅印出鞋子的照片,
Welcome to the world of three-dimensional (3D) printing—the latest technology for making models, or prototypes, of almost anything imaginable!
欢迎来到三维(3D)印刷的世界—— 制作模型或原型的最新技术,
What comes out of a 3D printer is quite different from what comes out of a conventional computer printer.
3D打印机的出处与常规计算机打印机的出处大相径庭.
However, both types of printers use the same concept—layering— to make their final product.
然而,两种类型的打印机都使用相同的概念——层次——来制作最终产品.
These customized shoes were designed and created using a 3D printer.
这些定制的鞋是使用3D打印机来设计和制造的.
From Stamps to Lasers When most people think of printing, they imagine seeing text or images on smooth surfaces such as paper or cloth.
从邮票到激光 当大多数人想到印刷时,他们想象在平滑的表面,如纸或布上看到文字或图像.
The markings are made by applying a layer of ink onto the surface, either by hand or machine.
标记是通过用手或机器将一层墨水放入地表来制作.
Throughout history, a variety of printing techniques have been used to apply the ink.
纵观历史,运用了各种印刷技术来应用墨相.
About two thousand years ago, people in Eastern Asia used a process known as xylography, or woodblock printing.
大约两千年前,东亚的人使用一种被称为xylography(xylography)的过程,或者木块印刷.
First, they drew an image on a block of wood.
首先,他们在一块木上画出一幅相片.
Next, they carved out the areas around the image.
接下来,他们将图像周围的区域划出.
Then they coated the raised image that remained with ink and pressed it onto a flat surface.
然后,他们涂上那些留下了墨水的升起的图像,并把它压入平地上.
When they lifted the block, a thin layer of ink in the shape of the raised image appeared.
当他们抬起块后,出现了被抬起的图像外形上一层薄薄的墨水.
If you’ve ever used an ink stamp and stamp pad, you’ve used xylography.
如果你曾使用过墨印和印花垫,
And you probably know that it would take a long time to fill just one page with multiple stamped images.
你可能知道,只需要很长一段时间, 就可以用多张印有邮票的图像填满一页。
This problem was solved with the invention of the printing press in 1450.
这个问题随着1450年印刷机的发明而得到解决.
Johannes Gutenberg, a German blacksmith, invented the printing press, a machine that allowed the first mass production of printed books.
约翰内斯·古滕贝格(Johannes Gutenberg)是德国铁匠,他发明了印刷机,这种机器允许印刷书籍的首次大规模出品.
Instead of using one stamp at a time, many stamps, or pieces of type, were arranged in a tray.
许多邮票或种类的邮票不是一次使用一枚邮票,而是被安排在一个托盘上.
Then a piece of paper was pressed against the tray.
然后一张纸被压在托盘上
In just one motion, a layer of inked type was pressed onto the entire page!
只有一个动作 整个页上按了一层墨水型
This process made it much easier to produce multiple copies of the same page.
这一过程使得制作多份同页的拷贝更加容易.
Over hundreds of years, printing processes evolved.
数百年来,印刷过程不断发展.
One technique, called lithography, uses water and oil.
一种技术,叫作平面术,使用水和油.
Images are transferred to book pages on a lithographic press.
图像通过平面印刷转移到书页。
The printed surface contains both the image and background areas on one level printing plate.
平面印有一层印刷板上图像和背景区域.
The printing area is treated so that the image to be printed attracts oil-based inks.
对印刷区进行处理,使所要印刷的图像能吸引以油为主的墨水.
Since oil and water don’t mix, the non-printed areas repel the inks.
因为油和水不混合,
The lithographic process was devised in 1796 and is still used today to print many magazines and books.
石刻工艺设计于1796年,至今仍被用来印刷多本杂志和书籍.
Images are transferred to book pages on a lithographic press.
图像通过平面印刷转移到书页。
In the 1950s, the first high-speed printer was invented for use with a computer called UNIV AC, which stored data onto spools of magnetic tape.
1950年代,第一台高速打印机被发明出来,与名为UNIV AC的计算机一起使用,该计算机将数据存储到磁带的集合上.
A modified typewriter was connected to print out the information from the tape.
一个经过修改的打字机被连接起来,从磁带中打印出信息.
This computerized typewriter was able to print words and numbers much faster than any person possibly could!
这台电脑打字机的印刷速度比任何人都快得多!
When desktop computers became popular in the 1980s, inkjet printers made it possible for people to print digital images right at their desks.
当20世纪80年代台式计算机被流行时,喷墨打印机使得人们可以在自己的桌子上打印出数字图像.
Data sent from the computer tells the printer which shapes it needs to print.
从计算机发送的数据告诉打印机需要打印哪个形状 。
The printer reads the data and makes those shapes by first heating a cartridge filled with ink.
打印机读取数据,首先取出装有墨水的墨盒来制作这些形状.
As the ink warms, pressure inside the cartridge rises.
随着墨水发热,弹匣内部的压力会上升.
Then the ink shoots out of the cartridge through a nozzle, or jet, and forms layers on the paper.
然后墨子通过喷嘴,即喷射来从弹匣中射出并形成纸上分层.
Laser printing technology was developed during the 1970s but did not become available for personal use until 1984.
激光印刷技术是1970年代发展而来,但直到1984年才可供个人使用.
Laser printers use a process similar to lithography but with a twist.
激光打印机使用类似于平面图的工艺,但带有扭矩.
Instead of coating the printing surface with oil, this printing process uses lasers to zap an electrically charged image onto the paper.
这种印刷过程不是用油涂上印刷表面,而是用激光将电荷图像放入纸张上。
Dry ink particles pass over the paper and are attracted to the electrically charged image.
干墨颗粒从纸张上过后被电荷图像所吸引.
A roller presses the particles to the paper, and a printed page appears.
滚筒将颗粒压入纸张,并出现一出被打印的页面.
In 1984, Charles Hull invented a process called stereolithography, or what we now call 3D printing.
1984年,查尔斯·赫尔发明了一种叫做立体文字的工艺,或者我们现在称之为3D印刷.
Hull worked as a design engineer.
赫尔担任设计工程师.
He often grew frustrated with the weeks and months it took to develop, test, and redesign prototype plastic parts.
他常常对开发,测试和重新设计原型塑料零件所花的几周和几个月感到沮丧.
He set out to solve this problem by finding a quicker way to make prototypes.
他着手通过寻找更快的方法来制造出原型来解决这个问题.
Hull soon realized that he could use a layering process to create three-dimensional objects.
赫尔很快意识到他可以利用分层过程来创造出三维物体.
3D printing was born!
三维印刷诞生了!
Stereolithography uses inkjet and laser printer technology to create three-dimensional objects instead of flat, two-dimensional images.
立体石法使用喷墨和激光打印机技术来创造出三维物体,而不是平平的二维图像.
First, an image is created and stored as data using computer software.
首先,使用计算机软件创建并存储一个图像作为数据.
Then the data file is sent to a 3D printer.
然后数据文件被发送到一个3D打印机.
The printer uses the file as a kind of road map that tells the print head where to go.
打印机将文件作为一类的行进图,告诉打印头去向.
The print head is a tiny box with a nozzle, or jet, attached to it.
平面头是细小的盒子,有喷嘴,或喷气机,附着于上.
It is suspended from a grid of metal bars that run along and across a print bed—the platform on which the object will be made.
它被从一串金属铁条上悬浮,这些铁条沿着并跨出一个平面的床 -- -- 物体的制造平台。
The print head moves back and forth and side to side above the print bed.
印头相向相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相相去相去相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相
As it moves, a thin stream of material, such as plastic, is propelled out of the print head nozzle and onto the print bed.
当它移动时,一串细小的流出的材料,如塑料被从平面喷嘴中喷出并放入平面上.
According to the information sent from the computer image file, the material is stacked in microlayers as the print bed moves up and down.
根据从计算机图像文件发送的信息,当打印床向上和向下移动时,材料被堆入微层.
As each layer is deposited, a laser heats and bonds the new layer to the one beneath it.
随着每层的沉积, 激光加热 将新地层与地下地层连接起来。
Bit by bit, layer by layer, a three-dimensional prototype of the image on the computer monitor rises from the print bed.
相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相
using clay characters.
使用粘土字符。
of printed books.
印刷书籍。
lithography as a cheap way to print his plays.
写作是用来印刷他的剧本的
cast-iron printing press.
铸铁印刷所.
cylinder press.
气缸压.
It can print eight thousand sheets an hour.
每小时可以打印出八千张
lines of type.
类型。
invents electrophotography, also known as Xerox.
发明了电光学,也叫Xerox.
UNIVAC computer.
UNIVAC电脑.
the first commercially used laser printer.
第一个商业用激光打印机。
printing.
打印。
Who’s Who in Printing Technology This type of 3D printer uses plastic thread for printing material to create small objects.
印刷技术领域的谁 这种3D型打印机使用塑料线来打印材料来创建小对象.
A New Technology Takes Off By early in the twenty-first century, stereolithography became the preferred method for creating prototype parts used in industry and manufacturing.
新技术起飞 到21世纪早期,立体文字学成为制造工业和制造业所使用原型零件的首选方法.
A prototype could be designed, produced, and tested in a matter of hours or days rather than weeks or months.
一个原型机可以在数小时或数天之内,而不是数周或数月内设计、生产和测试。
Most early 3D prototypes were made of plastic.
大多数早期3D原型由塑料制成.
As the technology improved, other kinds of materials, such as ceramics and metals, were also used to make objects.
随着技术的改进,其他种类的材料,如陶瓷和金属,也被用来制作物品.
Being able to use a variety of materials expanded the possibilities for 3D printing.
能够使用各种材料扩大了3D打印的可能性.
People from different fields saw this technology as a way to create customized items in a much shorter time.
来自不同领域的人将这种技术视为在更短的时间内创建定制物品的一种方式.
Designers could craft one-of-a-kind pieces of jewelry.
设计师可以制作一等一等的珠宝.
Artists could create unique three- dimensional sculptures.
艺术家可以创造出独特的三维雕塑.
And they could do it affordably, since 3D printing uses only as much material as is needed.
他们可以买得起,因为三维打印只使用尽可能多的材料。
3D Printing Is for the Birds!
三维打印 是给鸟队的!
The ability to create customized 3D objects affordably has led to some amazing applications.
能够以承受得起的价格创建定制的3D对象导致了一些惊人的应用.
When an engineer visited a wildlife rehabilitation center, he was struck by the plight of a bald eagle named Beauty.
当一名工程师访问一个野生动物康复中心时,被一只叫"美人"的秃鹰所遭遇的困境所打击.
A hunter had shot off Beauty’s top beak, making it impossible for her to hunt, eat, or preen herself.
一名猎人从美人顶部的喙上射出一枪,使她无法打猎,吃东西,或先入为主.
The engineer believed he had a 3D solution to Beauty’s problem.
工程师相信他对美人的问题有3D解决方案.
Working from an X-ray of Beauty’s head, the engineer was able to design a plastic replica of Beauty’s original beak on his computer.
该工程师用美人头部的X光片,在电脑上设计出美人原生喙的塑料复制品。
He then used a 3D printer to create the replica beak.
随后他用3D打印机来创建复制的喙.
Beauty had surgery to permanently attach the new beak, and she can now drink, eat, and clean herself like a normal eagle.
美人做了手术永久地将新喙接上,她现在可以像平时的老鹰一样喝,吃,打扫自己.
A 3D printer produces a sculpted form at a design show in Seoul, South Korea.
一台3D打印机在韩国首尔的一出设计展上出产出一出雕花活字形.
Beauty the bald eagle before and after her new beak was attached.
美丽的秃鹰 在她的新喙被附着前后
Have a Heart—or a Liver!
心还是肝!
Engineers and scientists are developing a way to create real human organs using the layering technique to fuse living cells and form human tissue.
工程师和科学家正在开发一种方法,利用分层技术来将活细胞相接并形成人体组织来创造出真正的人体器官.
A gel containing special cells taken from a patient’s body is layered to form the correct shape, then incubated for a time to let the cells mature and bond to each other.
含有从病人身体取出的特殊细胞的凝胶被分层来形成正确的形状,然后孵化一段时间来让细胞成熟并相互结合.
Scientists have made ears, lungs, and livers using this technique.
科学家利用这个技术制造出耳朵、肺和肝脏。