Worth?

美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习

Table of Contents Water, Water Everywhere.

内容表:水,无所不在。

4 A Drop in the Bucket.

4 滴入弹匣。

5 Pollution’s Impact.

5 污染的影响。

7 Population’s Impact.

7 《人口影响》。

9 The Impact of Climate Change.

9 气候变化的影响。

11 Solving the Problem.

11 解决问题。

14 Glossary.

14 词汇表。

16 Water, Water Everywhere Many of us around the world take water for granted.

16 水,无所不在 我们世界各地许多人理所当然地把水当做理所当然。

Why shouldn’t we, when water is all around?

为什么我们不应该,

It comes out of our faucets and collects in puddles on the sidewalk when it rains.

它从我们的水管里出来 下雨时在人行道上的水坑里收集

Lakes and rivers brim with water.

湖泊和河流被水所淹没

We buy water in bottles and slurp it from drinking fountains.

我们用瓶子买水,然后从喝的喷泉中取出

In fact, if we had a glass as big as the United States and filled it with every drop of water on the planet, the glass would have to be 145 kilometers (90 mi.)

事实上,如果我们有一个像美国一样大的玻璃并充满了地球上的每一滴水,玻璃就必须是145公里(90米.

tall to hold it all.

高高高地保持这一切。

With so much water, you’ d think everyone would have enough to drink.

喝这么多水,

Not so!

没有!

A summer rain can mean fun in many places.

夏雨可以指: 许多地方的取乐.

In others, it can mean survival.

在另一些情况下,它可以指生存.

A Drop in the Bucket Water is fast becoming more precious than gold or oil.

水桶里的一滴水 变得比黄金或石油更珍贵

The planet simply does not have enough usable water to go around.

地球根本没有足够的可用水绕来绕去。

For one thing, most of Earth’s water is salt water, which we can’t drink or use to water our crops.

地球大部分的水都是盐水,

Only about 3 percent of Earth’s water is fresh, and most of that is locked away in polar ice caps, glaciers, or underground layers of rock called aquifers.

地球上只有大约3%的水是新鲜的,其中大部分被锁入极地冰盖、冰川或地下地层中,称为含水层。

Earth’s water Surface water 0.

地表水 0.

3% Freshwater Fresh surface water Where’s the Water?

淡水3% 淡水 水在哪里?

Freshwater 3% Oceans (salt water) 97% Groundwater* 30.

淡水 3% 海洋(盐水) 97% 地下水* 30.

1% Ice caps and glaciers 68.

1%的冰盖和冰川 68.

7% Lakes 87% Swamps 11% Rivers 2% *Groundwater provides 25% to 40% of the world's drinking water.

7% 湖泊 87% 沼泽 11% 河流 * 地下水提供全世界25%至40%的饮用水。

It provides even more water for growing food.

它为种植食物提供了更多的水.

However, groundwater supplies are shrinking.

然而,地下水供应正在减少。

Moreover, water is not equally distributed around the world.

此外,水在世界各地的分布并不均衡。

Some countries have more water than others, but most have enough water to meet people’s needs.

有些国家的水比其他国家多,但大多数国家都有足够的水来满足人民的需要。

What they don’t always have is the means to make that water available to people.

他们并不总是有办法让人民获得水。

Rich, developed countries can tap into hard-to-reach sources of water much more easily than poor, less-developed countries, where people often don’t have enough money to dig wells or build dams to create reservoirs.

富裕的发达国家可以比贫穷的欠发达国家更容易利用难以进入的水源,因为这些国家人民往往没有足够的钱去挖井或建造水坝来建造水库。

Today, we can only reach and use 1 percent of Earth’s freshwater.

今天,我们只能到达和使用地球1%的淡水。

That 1 percent is under stress owing to three underlying problems: pollution, increased demand driven by the world’s ever-increasing population, and climate change.

这1%由于三个根本问题而承受了压力:污染、世界人口增长所驱动的需求增加以及气候变化。

In India, young girls collect water from a hole dug in the ground.

在印度,年轻女孩从地上挖出的一个洞取水.

Pollution’s Impact Water pollution is a problem on many continents.

污染的影响 水污染是许多大陆上的一个问题.

South America’s Amazon rainforest includes 7 million square kilometers (2.

南美洲的亚马逊雨林包括700万平方千米(2.

7 million sq.

七百万块

mi.)

(中文(简体) ).

and is home to about 10 million people and more than 30,000 plant species.

并拥有约一千万人口和三万多植物物种。

For decades, people have been dumping untreated human waste and toxic chemicals into the Amazon River.

几十年来,人们一直向亚马逊河倾倒未经处理的人类废物和有毒化学品.

These poisons are slowly destroying the jungle’s fragile ecosystem.

这些毒药正在慢慢地摧毁丛林脆弱的生态系统.

In other poor areas where freshwater often goes untreated, disease-carrying organisms grow and make people sick in other ways.

在淡水往往得不到处理的其他贫困地区,携带疾病的生物会以其他方式生长并使人们生病.

Because people lack running water, they dump human waste outside their houses.

由于人们缺乏自来水,他们把人类的废物倒到自己家门外.

That bacteria-laden waste then flows into rivers and streams.

这些细菌堆积的废物会流入河流和溪流。

People use the water in these toxic waterways for drinking, cooking, and bathing.

人们利用这些有毒水道中的水来饮用,烹饪和洗澡.

According to the United Nations Development Program, half the world’s hospital beds contain patients sick from waterborne illnesses.

根据联合国开发计划署的资料,世界上有一半的医院病床有水上疾病病人。

A girl sick from unclean water gets help in Haiti.

一名患上不洁水的女孩在海地获得帮助。

In Haiti, the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, seven out of ten people do not have clean water to drink.

在西半球最贫穷的海地,每10人中有7人没有清洁饮水可饮。

Each year, waterborne illnesses cause more than half the deaths in Haiti.

每年,水上疾病造成海地一半以上的死亡。

A massive earthquake in 2010 damaged wells and water pipes there, making clean water even scarcer.

2010年的一次大地震损坏了那里的水井和水管,使清洁的水更稀少.

Many children and adults must walk miles to find clean water to drink.

许多儿童和成年人必须走几英里去寻找干净的水来喝.

Halfway around the world in Bangladesh, city dwellers use the country’s rivers as open sewers, dumping chemicals, medical waste, human waste, and other trash into the water.

城市居民将国家河流作为露天下水道、化学品、医疗废物、人渣等垃圾丢入水中。

In the capital of Dhaka, millions drink putrid water from the Buriganga.

在达卡的首都,数百万人饮用从布利干加取来的水。

The water is so polluted that all the fish have died.

水被污染,鱼都死了

Where the Water Isn’t Safe Source: UNICEF/UN 2012 joint report Do You Know?

水源不安全的地方:儿童基金会/联合国2012年联合报告。

Worldwide, more people have a mobile phone than a toilet.

全世界有更多的人拥有移动电话而不是厕所。

Ethiopia 46 Indonesia 36 Democratic Republic of the Congo 36 Bangladesh 28 United Republic of Tanzania 21 Sudan 18 Kenya 17 Around the globe, millions of people lack access to safe drinking water— 783 million in all.

埃塞俄比亚 46 印度尼西亚 36 刚果民主共和国 36 孟加拉国 28 坦桑尼亚联合共和国 21 苏丹 18 肯尼亚 17 在全球各地,数百万人得不到安全饮用水——总共7.83亿。

Population’s Impact In 2011, humans hit a milestone.

人口影响 2011年,人类打入了里程碑.

On October 30, a baby girl was born in the Philippines: the world’s 7 billionth person.

10月30日,菲律宾出生一女婴:世界第70亿人.

By the time she turns 40, experts say that 9 billion people will be walking the planet, each looking for food, energy, land, and water.

到了她40岁时,专家们说,90亿人将走遍地球,每人寻找食物,能源,土地和水.

Growing populations reduce the amount of water available for each person.

越来越多的人口减少了每个人可获得的水量。

Fifty years ago, the 2.

50年前的2号

5 billion people on Earth only used a third of the freshwater that we use today.

地球上50亿人只用了我们今天使用的三分之一的淡水。

Many people thought of water as an unlimited resource.

许多人认为水是无限的资源.

Today, research shows that more than 1.

如今,研究表明超过一分.

1 billion people— 1 in every 6 people in the world—don’t have enough clean water to drink.

世界上每六人就有一亿人口喝不到干净的水。

They live on less than 8 liters (2 gal.)

他们靠不到8升(2个女孩)生活。

a day.

一天时间。

Experts say that by 2035, 3.

专家说,到2035年,3.

6 billion people will be living in areas where water is scarce.

60亿人将生活在缺水地区。

In Bangladesh, water pollution is caused in part by poverty and in part by overpopulation.

在孟加拉国,水污染部分由贫穷所造成,部分由人口过剩所造成。

Yet its population is expected to balloon to 200 million by 2050—more than 50 million more people than the country holds now.

然而,预计到2050年,其人口将升至2亿,比该国现在的人口多出5 000多万人。

Wealthy countries are far less likely to face polluted drinking water because they often have the means to purify their water and dispose of human waste properly.

富裕国家面临被污染的饮用水的可能性要小得多,因为它们往往有净化水和妥善处置人类废物的手段。

However, population growth in a wealthy country can lead to water shortages, too.

然而,富裕国家的人口增长也可能导致缺水。

One reason is that people in wealthy countries consume more water.

其中一个原因是富裕国家的人消耗更多的水.

In the United States, a four-person family, on average, uses 1,514 liters (400 gal.)

在美国,一个四人家庭平均使用1,514升(400 gal.

of water a day, or roughly 379 liters (100 gal.)

每天大约379升(100个女孩)。

per person.

每个人。

This level of use would be sustainable if only a few people were using the water.

如果只有少数人用水,这种使用水平是可持续的。

Instead, more and more people rely on limited water sources.

相反,越来越多的人依赖有限的水源。

For example, the Los Angeles region’s population is expected to reach 41 million by 2020.

例如,预计到2020年洛杉矶地区人口将达到4100万.

Yet the area can only support 1 million people on its own water.

然而,该地区只能靠自己的水养活100万人。

So what does Los Angeles do?

洛杉矶做什么?

Los Angeles—and many other cities in the western United States—pull their water from distant rivers.

洛杉矶和美国西部许多其他城市从遥远的河流中取出水来。

Pulling water is expensive, and there is no longer enough river water to go around.

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The Impact of Climate Change Many scientists think climate change is already affecting people around the world by producing extreme weather conditions such as storms and floods.

许多科学家认为,气候变化已经通过产生暴风雨和洪水等极端天气条件而影响到全世界人民。

Yet the threat that climate change poses to the global water supply may be the worst threat of all.

然而,气候变化对全球供水构成的威胁可能是所有国家的最严重威胁。

Scientists predict that by 2050, one-fifth of the world’s population may face severe water shortages as a result of climate change.

科学家预测,到2050年,五分之一的世界人口可能由于气候变化而面临严重的缺水.

Climate change occurs as a result of too much carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

气候变化是大气中二氧化碳和其他温室气体过多的结果。

These gases, produced in large part by the burning of fossil fuels, trap the Sun’s heat close to Earth’s surface, much like a greenhouse.

这些气体主要是由化石燃料燃烧产生的,它们将太阳的热量困在地表附近,很像一个温室。

The result is an overall increase in Earth’s temperature.

结果是地球温度全面上升。

That warming, in turn, leads to climate change.

这种变暖反过来又导致气候变化。

The warmer temperatures disrupt the water cycle, which is a delicate balance between evaporation and precipitation.

更温暖的温度会扰乱水循环,这是蒸发和降水之间的微妙平衡.

Warmer temperatures increase the rate of evaporation of surface water into the atmosphere, affecting different parts of the world in different ways.

温暖的温度会提高地表水被蒸发入大气层的速度,以不同的方式影响世界不同地区.

Increased evaporation might dry out some areas while producing excess precipitation in others.

蒸发量的增加可能会使一些地区干涸,而使其他地区的降水过多。

Droughts are long periods of abnormally low precipitation that result in a shortage of water.

干旱是长期异常地低地降水,导致缺水.

Regions at the highest risk of drought include the Mediterranean and the Middle East.

干旱风险最高的区域包括地中海和中东。

In the United States, most scientists say that climate change is responsible for an extreme drought in the Southwest and California.

在美国,大多数科学家表示,气候变化是西南和加利福尼亚州极端干旱的原因.

The drought in the Southwest has been causing problems in the region since 1999.

自1999年以来,西南地区的干旱一直在该地区造成问题。

The water level of Lake Mead, on the border between Nevada and Arizona, has dropped 37 meters (120 ft.)

内华达州与亚利桑那州接壤的米德湖水位已下行37米(120英尺).

in that time.

在那个时候。

The lake, which is fed by the Colorado River, is a source of freshwater for 22 million people.

以科罗拉多河为食的湖是2200万人的淡水来源.

If rains don’t increase soon, odds are good that desert residents will have to start rationing water.

沙漠居民必须开始给水配给。

A River Runs Dry More than 30 million people depend on the Colorado River.

A River Runs Dry 有超过3000万人依赖于科罗拉多河.

It now trickles to an end before it can reach the sea.

它现在在到达海面前 逐渐消失

Scientists say climate change is also responsible for the melting of glaciers high in the Himalayan Mountains.

科学家说,气候变化也是喜马拉雅山脉高地冰川融化的原因.

The glaciers help provide freshwater for 1.

冰川帮助为一提供淡水.

5 billion people living in India, Pakistan, and six other Asian countries.

生活在印度,巴基斯坦等6个亚洲国家的50亿人.

In the past, the melting glaciers slowly released water into the tributaries of the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra Rivers.

过去,融化的冰川缓慢地向印度河,恒河和布拉马普特拉河等支流出水.

Now the rapid melting of the glaciers is depleting the water supply.

现在冰川的迅速融化 正在消耗水源

At the same time, the increased glacial melt has caused severe flooding along each of the three rivers.

同时,冰川融化的增加也使三道河上每道都引发了严重的洪灾.

As climate change worsens, less water is available for producing energy, raising livestock, and growing crops.

随着气候变化的恶化,可用于生产能源、饲养牲畜和种植作物的水减少。

Wildlife and natural ecosystems suffer.

野生动物和自然生态系统受到影响。

Arguments break out between cities, states, and even countries over who has the best claim to water.

城市、州甚至国家之间爆发了争吵,

Tensions over water are growing between India and at least two of its neighbors, Pakistan and China.

印度与至少两个邻国巴基斯坦和中国之间的水上紧张局势正在加剧。

All three are racing to build dams on headwaters in the Himalayas that feed important rivers below.

三个都赛跑在喜马拉雅山脉的平地上建造水坝,以给下面的重要河流提供食物.

Meanwhile, some countries in Africa argue over who has the best claim on the Nile River.

与此同时,非洲一些国家争论谁对尼罗河拥有最好的主张。

In the Middle East—one of the driest areas on Earth—some experts predict that the next war will be over water.

在中东——地球上最干燥的地区之一——一些专家预测,下一次战争将结束。

Solving the Problem So what can we do?

解决问题 我们能做什么?

Individual efforts to conserve water can have an impact.

个人保护水资源的努力可以产生影响。

States can conserve, too.

各国也可以养护。

In 2013, faced with California’s driest year on record, the governor called for a 20 percent voluntary reduction in water usage.

2013年,面对加利福尼亚州最干燥的一年,州长呼吁自愿减少20%的用水量。

brushing your teeth.

刷出你的牙齿。

to linger).

以示弃绝。

washing the family car.

清洗家用车。

water for plants.

植物用水。

• Fix leaks and drips.

• 支助 修取出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出入出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出

amount of potatoes).

数量).

of new stuff.

新的东西。

What Can You Do?

你能怎么办?

Countries need to help find solutions, too.

各国也需要帮助找到解决办法。

Workers in Saudi Arabia are converting salt water to freshwater in a process called desalination.

沙特阿拉伯工人正在将盐水转化为淡水,这一过程称为海水淡化。

The process is expensive, though, and many countries cannot afford to build desalination plants.

但是,这一过程很昂贵,许多国家无力建造海水淡化厂。

The island nation of Singapore is purifying wastewater that comes from washing dishes, flushing toilets, and taking baths and showers.

新加坡岛国正在净化来自洗碗、冲洗厕所、洗澡和淋浴的废水。

Some other countries do this, too, but Singapore obtains one-third of its water this way.

其他一些国家也这样做,但新加坡通过这种方式获得三分之一的水.

Agriculture uses around 70 percent of the world’s water, but some farmers and ranchers are finding ways to use less.

农业使用全世界大约70%的水,但一些农民和牧场主正在设法减少使用。

The water saved could instead be used by rapidly growing cities.

相反,节省的水可以被迅速增长的城市所利用。

Solving the planet’s water problem is complicated.

解决地球的水问题很复杂。

Still, we all need to find ways to conserve this valuable resource, not just for our generation, but for the ones yet to come.

然而,我们都需要找到办法,不仅为我们这一代人,而且为尚未到来的一代人保护这一宝贵资源。