Eyes on Space
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Introduction For many thousands of years, curious people have gazed into the sky and wondered about the things they saw.
导言 几千年来,好奇的人凝视着天空, 并想知道他们看到的东西。
Their observations were limited to what could be seen with the unaided eye.
他们的观察仅限于无助之眼所能看到的.
It wasn’t until about 400 years ago, with the invention of the telescope, that our knowledge of space took a huge leap forward.
直到大约400年前,随着望远镜的发明, 我们对空间的知识才有了巨大的飞跃。
Since that time, telescopes have evolved into powerful tools for viewing stars, planets, and other objects in space.
从那时起,望远镜逐渐发展成为在太空中观测恒星,行星等物体的强大工具.
Early Light-Gathering Telescopes The invention of the telescope was first made possible through the development of the glass lens.
早期光导望远镜 望远镜的发明最初是通过玻璃镜头的开发而实现的.
A lens is a curved piece of glass that bends and focuses light.
镜头是弯曲的玻璃片,可以弯曲并聚焦光.
Early eyeglass lenses for reading were developed by Italian glassmakers.
用于阅读的早期眼镜镜头由意大利玻璃制造公司开发.
But it was the Dutch lens maker, Hans Lippershey, whom most historians say was the first to discover how to combine lenses to look at distant objects.
但正是荷兰的镜头制作者汉斯·利普珀斯海(Hans Lippershey),大多数历史学家都认为他最早发现了如何将镜头结合起来来观察遥远的物体.
He put two lenses in line so that the first lens magnified the light from the second lens.
他用两道镜头排成一行,使第一道镜头从第二道镜头放大出光.
That made distant objects appear much nearer.
远处的物体看起来更接近了
In 1608, Lippershey built his first crude telescope which he named “The Looker.”
1608年,Lippershey建造了第一台粗糙的望远镜,取名“Looker”。 “
Other people were also experimenting with lens combinations, but Lippershey was the first to apply for a patent.
其他人也曾尝试过镜头组合,但Lippershey是第一个申请专利的人.
His invention became an important military tool.
他的发明成为了一个重要的军事工具.
The telescope provided a big advantage in warfare, allowing Dutch armies to watch enemy troop movements from afar.
望远镜在战争中提供了巨大的优势,使荷兰军队能够从远处观看敌军的出动.
Example of an early telescope There are two major types of telescopes.
早期望远镜的例子 望远镜主要有两种.
The first type gathers light from distant objects and magnifies images formed by that light.
第一种类型从遥远的物体取出光并放大由该光所形成的图像.
It is called an optical telescope, or a light-gathering telescope.
它被称为光学望远镜,或光收集望远镜.
The second type of telescope, called a radio telescope, collects radio waves from space.
第二类望远镜被称作射电望远镜,从太空收集射电波.
While these waves are invisible, they can be converted into visible images we can examine.
虽然这些波是看不见的,但是它们可以被转换成可见的图像,我们可以检查.
We’ll learn about the history of telescopes, how they work, and how scientists and others use them to study distant objects in space.
我们将了解望远镜的历史、工作方式、科学家和其他人如何利用望远镜研究空间中的遥远物体。
Word Wise The word telescope comes from the Greek word tele, meaning “far off or distant” and the Greek word skopos, meaning “to watch or look at.”
语出智慧 望远镜一词出自希腊语单词Tele,意为"远去或远去";而希腊语单词skopos,意为"去观看或看". “
Galileo’s Dilemma As a professor of astronomy, Galileo was required to teach a model of the solar system that placed Earth at the center and had the Sun and all planets revolving around it.
伽利略的难题 作为天文学教授,伽利略被要求教授一个将地球置于中心并拥有太阳和所有行星围绕它旋转的太阳系模型.
But his observations of space convinced him that a different theory might be more accurate.
但他对太空的观察使他相信,不同的理论可能更准确.
This theory placed the Sun at the center of the solar system, with the planets revolving around it.
这个理论将太阳置于太阳系的中心,行星围绕太阳环绕.
His teaching of this theory upset the Roman Catholic Church because the Church believed that God had designed the universe to revolve around Earth.
他对这一理论的教导令罗马天主教会心烦意乱,因为教会认为是上帝设计了宇宙来绕地而来.
Galileo’s theory displaced humanity from the center of the universe and made Earth just one of a number of planets revolving around one of many stars.
伽利略的理论将人类从宇宙的中心转移,使地球成为环绕多颗恒星中的一颗行星之一。
The Church banned Galileo’s Sun-centered theory and sentenced him to life in prison.
教会禁止了伽利略以太阳为中心的理论,判处他终身监禁.
But because Galileo was already old, he was allowed to serve his sentence at home, under house arrest, for the rest of his life.
但由于伽利略已经老了,他被允许在家里服刑,被软禁了一辈子.
A year after Lippershey invented his telescope, a man in Italy, Galileo Galilei, was hard at work building a telescope for observing objects in space.
在利珀斯海发明了望远镜一年之后,意大利的一位男子伽利略·加利莱(英语:Galileo Galilei)努力地建造望远镜来观测太空中的物体.
He greatly improved on the work of Lippershey and other Dutch lens makers, creating telescopes that magnified objects five times and, eventually, thirty times.
他大大改进了Lippershey和其他荷兰镜头制作人的作品,制造出能将物体放大五倍并最终放大三十倍的望远镜.
Galileo used his telescope to observe distant objects in space.
伽利略用他的望远镜在太空中观测到遥远的物体.
Because of this early work, he became known as the Father of Astronomy.
由于这一早期的作品被取名为"天文学之父".
Below is a list of the important observations Galileo made with his telescopes.
以下列出伽利略用他的望远镜所作的重要观测.
How Telescopes Work Not all lenses work in the same way to magnify images.
望远镜如何工作 并非所有镜头都以同样的方式放大图像.
All optical telescopes work by gathering light to a point.
所有光学望远镜都通过把光收集到一点来工作.
Those that use a lens to bend light to a center point are called refracting telescopes.
那些使用透镜来将光线弯曲到中心点的人被称为折射望远镜.
Those that use a curved mirror to reflect light to a center point are called reflecting telescopes.
那些使用弯曲的镜来反射光线到中心点的被称作反射望远镜.
Refracting telescopes have three basic parts— a tube and two lenses.
折射望远镜有3个基本部件——一管和2个透镜.
The tube serves two purposes: (1) it holds the two lenses in place at the correct distance from each other, and (2) it keeps out dust and light that would interfere with the formation of a good image.
管子有两个用途:(1)将两相距正相的相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相相距相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相
The larger lens— the one farther from the eye—is a convex lens, which means it is thicker in the middle than at the outer edge.
更大的透镜——离眼睛更远的透镜——是一个对流透镜,这意味着其中间比外缘更厚.
Light entering the telescope through the lens is bent to a point called the focal point.
通过镜头进入望远镜的光线被弯曲到一个叫焦点的点上.
This forms an image of the object that the telescope is pointed toward.
这形成了望远镜瞄准的物体的图像。
A smaller lens, called the eyepiece, is used to magnify this image before it enters the eye, making the distant object look larger and closer.
一个更小的镜头,叫"眼相",用来放大这个图像入眼之前,使远方物体看起来更大更近.
A convex lens in a magnifying glass Other scientists followed in the footsteps of Galileo, improving the telescope and revealing even more about objects in space.
放大镜中的对流镜 其他科学家也走在了伽利略的脚步上,改进了望远镜,并揭示出更多关于太空中的物体.
One of the first was the famous British scientist Isaac Newton.
最早的一位是英国著名科学家艾萨克·牛顿.
Newton found that a polished, curved mirror could gather light from objects, much as Lippershey’s and Galileo’s lenses did.
牛顿发现一面被打磨的弯曲的镜子可以从物体中取出光来,就像利珀斯海和伽利略的镜头一样.
Unlike telescopes that use a lens to gather light, Newton’s mirror telescope gathered light without separating it into a rainbow of colors.
与使用透镜来收取光的望远镜不同,牛顿的镜像望远镜在收取光时没有将光分开成彩虹.
It was also possible to construct a mirror larger than a lens.
还有可能建造一个大于镜头的镜子。
These advantages made Newton’s telescope superior to telescopes that only relied on lenses.
这些优点使得牛顿的望远镜优于只依靠镜头的望远镜.
Technicians inspect the Hubble Space Telescope’s mirror in 1984.
技术人员在1984年检查了哈勃空间望远镜的镜像.
Reflecting telescopes have advantages over refracting telescopes.
反射望远镜比反射望远镜有优势.
The most important advantage is that making and polishing a large concave mirror is much easier and less expensive than making a large convex lens.
最重要的优点是制造并打磨出一面大型凸轮相机镜比制造出一面大型凸轮相机镜更简单,也更便宜.
It is difficult to make a light-gathering lens more than 10 centimeters (4 in.)
光取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取
in diameter.
直径。
Larger mirrors, on the other hand, are not only easier to make, but they also can gather more light.
另一方面,更大的镜子不仅更容易制造,而且还可以收集更多的光.
The more light a telescope can pick up, the greater the number of dim and distant objects that astronomers can observe in space.
望远镜能取取的光越多,天文学家可以在太空中观测到的暗和远物体的数量就越多.
Typical home telescope Answer: 8.
典型的家庭望远镜 答:8个。
3 minutes Math Minute Light is very fast, traveling 300,000 kilometers (186,000 mi.)
3分钟 数学分钟 光速非常快,行走30万公里(186,000米.
in just one second.
就一会儿
The Sun is 149,000,000 kilometers (93,000,000 mi.)
太阳为149,000,000公里(93,000,000英里.
from Earth.
从地球。
How many minutes does it take light leaving the Sun to reach Earth?
离开太阳到达地球需要多少时间?
A reflecting telescope has four basic parts—a tube, two mirrors, and a lens.
反射望远镜有四个基本部分——一管子,两面镜和一取镜.
The tube holds the mirrors and lens in place.
管子把镜和镜头固定在原地.
The primary mirror is a large, concave mirror, curved inward like the inside of a bowl.
主镜为一面大圆形相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相相相接相接相接相接相相相接相相相相接相接相接相接相接相相接相相相接相相接相相接相相接相相相接相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相
This mirror gathers the light and reflects it to a secondary, flat mirror.
这道镜会把光收集起来,并反射到一面次要的平面镜.
The flat mirror is mounted at an angle and is much smaller.
平面镜以一个角度挂起,并更小.
Its angle allows more incoming light to pass by without distortion.
它的角度允许更多的入射光通过而不扭曲.
It reflects the bright image from the concave mirror up to the eyepiece lens mounted on the side.
它反映了从凸起的相机镜上到挂在侧面的相机眼镜的亮相.
In 1897, the United States built an observatory in Wisconsin to house the largest refracting telescope ever built.
1897年,美国在威斯康辛建造了一座天文台,以容纳有史以来所建造的最大的折射望远镜.
The telescope’s extraordinary light- gathering lens measured 40 centimeters (15 in.)
望远镜的超常光采集镜头测得40厘米(15英寸).
wide.
宽度。
It was housed in the Yerkes Observatory.
它被安置在耶克斯天文台.
Beginning in the early 1900s, new observatories were built to house giant reflecting telescopes.
从1900年代初开始,建造了新的天文台,以容纳巨大的反射望远镜.
They could be made larger and more powerful than refracting telescopes and, after all, astronomers wanted to see farther and farther into space.
它们可能比反射望远镜更大和更有威力,毕竟天文学家希望看到更远的空间。
Seeing farther required gathering more and dimmer light.
更远的距离需要收集更多的光和光。
With the construction of two large reflecting telescopes, southern California began to emerge as a major center for astronomy and research.
随着两台大型反射望远镜的建造,加利福尼亚州南部开始成为天文学和研究的主要中心.
One of the telescopes, in the Mount Wilson Observatory near Los Angeles, had a mirror 2.
其中一个望远镜在洛杉矶附近的威尔逊山天文台有一面镜子2.
5 meters (8 ft.)
5米(8英尺)长.
in diameter.
直径。
Astronomers used this powerful telescope to help prove that many galaxies exist well beyond our Milky Way Galaxy.
天文学家使用这台强大的望远镜 来证明许多星系的存在 远远超出银河系
The 2.
2号
5 m.
5米长
(8 ft.)
(8平方英尺)
Hooker telescope on Mount Wilson Modern Telescopes Regardless of whether a telescope is the refracting or reflecting type, new telescopes are being built increasingly larger.
威尔逊山现代望远镜上的猎克望远镜 无论望远镜是反射型还是反射型,新望远镜的建造规模都越来越大。
In the 1840s, scientists in Ireland built a large reflecting telescope called the Leviathan.
1840年代,爱尔兰的科学家建造了大型反射望远镜"利维坦".
Its mirror was 1.
它的镜子是一。
8 meters (5.
8米(5.
9 ft.)
9平方英尺)
in diameter, which seemed incredibly large at the time.
直径,这在当时似乎非常大。
As bigger telescopes were built, people created special buildings, called observatories, to house them.
随着更大的望远镜的建造,人们创建了特殊的建筑,称为天文台,以容纳它们.
Observatories began popping up all around the world.
观察所开始在全世界兴起.
Many of them were built on mountaintops, away from the glare of city lights.
其中许多是建在山顶上,远离了城市灯光的光辉.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
One of the most powerful modern telescopes uses the combined power of two large reflecting telescopes that act as one extraordinarily powerful telescope.
其中最有威力的现代望远镜利用了两台大型反射望远镜的综合功率,这些望远镜充当了一台超强的望远镜.
Because in some ways it works like a pair of binoculars, it is called the Large Binocular Telescope or LBT.
因为在某些方面它像一对双筒望远镜一样工作,它被称为"大双筒望远镜"或"LBT".
Located on Mount Graham in Arizona, the LBT’s images are more than nine times sharper than the Hubble Space Telescope’s.
位于亚利桑那州的格雷厄姆山上,LBT的图像比哈勃太空望远镜的更锋利九倍多.
Each of the two mirrors that make up this telescope is 8.
组成这个望远镜的两面镜子各是8个.
4 meters (27.
4米(27.
5 ft.)
5平方公尺) f.
across.
横过.
Their combined light-gathering power is equal to a single mirror nearly 12 meters (37 ft.)
它们的集光能等同于一面近12米(37英尺)的单镜.
in diameter.
直径。
The Large Binocular Telescope (left) with its two mirrors allows astronomers to see distant space objects far clearer than ever before.
带有两面镜的大型双筒望远镜(左)使天文学家能够比以往更清楚地看到遥远的空间物体.
The mirror’s immense size dwarfs workers (below).
镜子的庞大体型比工人矮(低于下等).
The second major California observatory, Mount Palomar, opened in 1948, and its mirror was twice as large as the Mount Wilson telescope.
第二大加利福尼亚天文台"帕洛马尔山"于1948年开通,它的镜像是威尔逊山望远镜的两倍.
This powerful telescope gave astronomers a much sharper view of distant planets and galaxies, revealing space objects that had never before been seen.
这种强大的望远镜使天文学家对遥远的行星和星系有了更清晰的视野,揭示出以前从未见过的空间物体.
Reflecting telescopes continued to get bigger.
反射望远镜继续变大。
Some had mirrors with diameters of around 10 meters (33 ft.)
有的有直径为10米左右(33英尺)的镜子.
If you were able to set one of these mirrors on its edge next to a building, it would reach the fourth floor.
如果你能把其中一面镜子放到它旁边的一栋建筑的边缘,它就会到达四楼.
These mirrors had tremendous light-gathering power, allowing astronomers to see even farther into space.
这些镜像具有巨大的光收集能力,使天文学家能够更远地看到太空.
This building houses the Mount Palomar telescope.
这栋建筑是帕洛马山望远镜的所在地.
The dome opens when the telescope is being used.
当望远镜被使用时,穹顶会打开.
Some of the blurring effect of the atmosphere has been minimized by the use of computers.
使用计算机将大气层的一些模糊效应降到了最低限度。
Computers can predict the amount of movement and adjust the curvature of a telescope’s mirror to create sharper images.
计算机可以预测运动量并调整望远镜镜面的曲率以产生更尖锐的图像.
But even with these adjustments, astronomers realize that land-based telescopes will always have severe limitations when it comes to viewing distant objects in space.
但即使经过了这些调整,天文学家也意识到地基望远镜在观测太空中的远方物体时总是会有严重的局限性.
The only way to overcome this problem was to put telescopes above Earth’s atmosphere.
解决这一问题的唯一办法是将望远镜置于地球大气层之上。
The development of orbiting satellites and space stations created the opportunity to place a telescope into orbit above Earth’s atmosphere.
轨道卫星和空间站的发展创造了将望远镜放入地球大气层上方轨道的机会。
Scientists went to work designing a telescope to orbit Earth and, in 1990, they launched the first orbiting telescope.
科学家们去设计一个绕地球轨道的望远镜,1990年,他们发射了第一台绕地球轨道的望远镜.
It was named the Hubble Space Telescope in honor of Edwin Hubble, a famous American astronomer.
它被命名为哈勃太空望远镜,以纪念美国著名天文学家埃德温·哈勃.
The Hubble orbits 600 kilometers (370 mi.)
哈勃轨道600公里(370米.
above Earth, far outside the planet’s atmosphere.
在地球上空,远离地球大气层。
From its position in space, it has an unobstructed view of distant objects.
从其在太空中的位置来看,它对远处的物体有着无碍的视野.
Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescopes Land-based telescopes have one large drawback.
哈勃空间望远镜 地基望远镜有一个很大的缺点.
The light they gather from distant objects must pass through Earth’s atmosphere to reach them.
它们从遥远的物体所聚集的光必须穿过地球的大气层才能到达它们。
This atmosphere is a blanket of gases 50 kilometers (30 mi.)
这种大气是50公里(30米)的气体覆盖.
high surrounding our planet.
环绕着我们的星球
The gases are in constant motion.
气体在不停地运动。
Light passing through the atmosphere becomes distorted, blurring the images of stars and other objects in space before it even reaches a telescope.
穿过大气层的光会变得扭曲,模糊了恒星和其他物体在太空中的相片甚至尚未到达望远镜.
The distortion is like looking at an object at the bottom of a clear pool of water.
扭曲就像在清澈的水池底部看物体.
Another problem is that light from some distant objects is so weak that it cannot penetrate Earth’s atmosphere.
另一个问题是,一些遥远物体的光线太弱,无法穿透地球的大气层。
The light gets scattered before ever reaching a telescope.
光在到达望远镜前就散了
An image from the orbiting Hubble Telescope (left) reveals a ring of baby stars circling galaxy NGC 4314, about 40 million light years away.
环绕哈勃望远镜(左)的一幅图像揭示出一圈围绕银河系NGC 4314,相距约4000万光年.
The baby stars are a blur when seen with a ground-based telescope (right).
当看到有地面望远镜(右)时,婴儿恒星是模糊的.
The Hubble uses a 2.
哈勃号使用一 2.
4-meter (7.
4米(7.
8 ft.)
8英尺长)
diameter mirror to form images.
直径镜以形成图像。
Computers and other equipment on the spacecraft convert the light images into radio waves and send them to Earth.
航天器上的计算机和其他设备将光像转换为无线电波并发送到地球.
Ground stations receive the radio waves and convert them back to images that scientists and others on Earth can view.
地面站接收了无线电波,并将其转换回科学家和地球上的其他人可以观看的图像.
The Hubble Space Telescope has made it possible to see previously unseen objects in space and also to examine space objects in greater detail than ever before.
哈勃空间望远镜使人们能够看到以前在空间中看不到的物体,并且能够比以往更详细地检查空间物体。
Hubble’s Discoveries The Hubble Space Telescope allowed us to see objects we had never seen before.
哈勃的发现 哈勃太空望远镜让我们能看到我们从未见过的物体。
It also provided evidence that answered many questions about the universe.
它还提供了证据,回答了关于宇宙的许多问题.
The breakthroughs include: • first firm evidence of black holes • proof that planets exist outside our solar system • first discovery of a rocky, Earth-like planet outside our solar system • evidence that dust disks—from which planets form— are actually common around other stars • first view of ancient galaxies, over 1 0 billion years old • views of stars and supernovas that allowed astronomers to calculate the age of the universe more accurately • first close-up view of a comet hitting a planet, when Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 slammed into Jupiter Radio Telescopes There is another type of telescope—the radio telescope.
这些突破包括: 黑洞的第一个确凿证据 · 太阳系外存在行星的证据 · 太阳系外首次发现一个有岩质的地状行星 · 有证据表明,尘盘——行星形成后——实际上常见于其他恒星周围 · 古星系的第一视野,有10多亿年历史 · 恒星和超新星的视角,使天文学家能够更准确地计算出宇宙的年代 · 彗星撞击行星的第一近距离观察,当彗星休梅克-莱维9号撞击到木星射电望远镜时 还有另一种望远镜——射电望远镜。
Rather than collecting light from distant objects and magnifying it, a radio telescope gathers invisible radio waves emitted by distant formations in space.
射电望远镜不是从遥远的物体取出光并放大光,而是收集由遥远的空间阵型所发射的看不见的无线电波。
You might say that radio telescopes listen to space rather than look into space.
你可能会说,射电望远镜听太空而不是看太空。
While optical telescopes are our eyes into space, radio telescopes are our ears on space.
虽然光学望远镜是我们进入太空的眼睛,而射电望远镜则是我们在太空上的耳朵.
Most radio telescopes are large dish-shaped structures made of metal.
大多数射电望远镜都是由金属制成的大型盘状结构.
The metal dish collects and reflects radio waves to an antenna in the center of the dish.
金属盘收集并反射出无线电波到盘子中心的一个天线上.
Most average- sized radio telescopes have dishes that measure approximately 25 meters (82 ft.)
大多数平均尺寸的射电望远镜都有能测量出大约25米(82英尺)的盘子.
across, but the dish of the radio telescope located on the island of Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Ocean is immense—305 meters (1,000 ft.)
但位于加勒比海波多黎各岛上的射电望远镜的道具是巨大的——305米(1 000英尺)。
in diameter!
直径!
Scientists also have linked together a number of radio telescopes in a single location.
科学家还把一些射电望远镜连接在一个单一地点。
For example, on a site in New Mexico, 27 radio telescopes feed radio signals to a computer that then forms a large single radio signal.
例如,在新墨西哥州的一个站点上,有27个射电望远镜将射电信号反馈给一个计算机,然后形成一个大型的单一射电信号.
This radio telescope in Puerto Rico is so huge it was built into the valley between mountains.
波多黎各的这台射电望远镜如此之大 它被建在山之间的山谷里
The radio waves collected by a radio telescope are sent to an amplifier that magnifies or increases the strength of the faint radio signals.
由射电望远镜所收集的无线电波被送往放大或增强微弱无线电信号强度的放大器.
The amplified signals are then sent to a computer.
放大信号随后被发送到计算机上.
The computer converts the signals into an image that takes the shape of the radio waves emitted from their source.
计算机将信号转换成图像,其形状取自其来源的无线电波.
The computer also assigns different colors to various parts of an image to indicate the different strengths of radio waves within the image.
计算机还给图像的各个部分分配了不同的颜色来表示图像内无线电波的不同长处.
People in Science Radio astronomy began in 1933 when an American engineer named Karl Jansky accidentally discovered radio waves from space.
科学界的人无线电天文学始于1933年,当时一位名叫卡尔·扬斯基的美国工程师意外地从太空中发现了无线电波.
Jansky built a 33-meter ( 1 00 ft.)
扬斯基建造了33米(100英尺).
Way Galaxy.
银河系
This discovery was purely accidental, and several years passed before other scientists took enough interest in Jansky’s discovery to build their own radio telescopes.
这一发现纯属偶然,几年后其他科学家才对扬斯基的发现有足够的兴趣来建造自己的射电望远镜.
Karl Jansky’s rotating radio antenna Future Astronomy Land-based telescopes will continue to grow in size and their technology will become more specialized.
卡尔·扬斯基旋转的无线电天线 未来的天文地面望远镜会继续扩大规模,其技术将变得更加专业化.
The powerful digital camera on the Pan STARRS 1 (PS 1) telescope in Hawaii tracks asteroids and comets that might threaten Earth.
夏威夷Pan STARRS 1(PS 1)望远镜上强大的数码相机跟踪可能威胁地球的小行星和彗星.
It can map one sixth of the sky every month.
每月可以绘制六分之一的天空图.
Once it becomes operational, the newer PS 4 will be four times as powerful as the PS 1.
一旦投入使用,更新型的PS 4将比PS 1强大4倍.
But there is little doubt that future observation of space objects will be best accomplished in space, beyond any interference from Earth’s atmosphere.
但是,毫无疑问,今后对空间物体的观测最好在空间进行,不受地球大气层的任何干扰。
Scientists are hard at work building a telescope that will replace the Hubble.
科学家们很努力的建造望远镜来取代哈勃号.
In July 2010, after a year-long mapping mission, the orbiting Planck Telescope of the European Space Agency (ESA) delivered its first full-sky survey of our universe.
2010年7月,欧洲航天局(欧空局)的普朗克望远镜在进行了为期一年的测绘任务后,完成了对我们宇宙的首次全天探测。
Planck’s mission is to measure radiation left over from the ancient beginnings of our universe so that scientists can study how it was formed.
普朗克的任务是测量我们宇宙古老起源所留下的辐射,以便科学家们研究它是如何形成的。
As Planck sweeps the sky, it also measures the temperatures, density of matter, speed, and movement of galaxies.
随着普朗克扫地取天,它也测量了星系的温度,物质密度,速度和运动.
Glossary amplifier (n.)
词汇放大器(n.)
a piece of equipment that makes sounds louder (p.
一种使声音更响的设备(p.
21) concave (adj.)
21)相会(adj.
having a shape or surface that curves inward (p.
具有向内曲折的形状或表面(p.
11) convex (adj.)
11) 对流 (adj.
having a shape or surface that curves outward (p.
具有向外曲线的形状或表面(p.
10) distorted (adj.)
10)被歪曲(adj.
changes so that it is no longer accurate (p.
更改,使其不再准确(p.
17) emitted (v.)
第17条)
sent out from (p.
从(p.)发出
20) focal point (n.)
20) 联络点 (n.
a point where light rays come together or from which they spread; lenses and curved mirrors have focal points (p.
光线聚集或从中传播的点;镜头和曲线镜有焦点(p.
10) observatories (n.)
10)观测站(n.)
places used for scientific observation of things in nature, such as astronomical objects (p.
用于科学观测自然界事物的地方,如天文物体(p.
13) optical telescope (n.)
13)光学望远镜 (n.
a light-gathering telescope (p.
光收集望远镜(p.
5) radio telescope (n.)
5)射电望远镜 (n.
a telescope that collects radio waves from space (p.
从空间收集无线电波的望远镜(p.
5) Index Galilei, Galileo, 7–9 Jansky, Karl, 21 Lippershey, Hans, 6, 7, 9 Newton, Isaac, 9 Milky Way Galaxy, 7, 14, 21 Sun, 7, 8, 12, 21, 23 telescopes, Hooker, 14 Hubble, 18, 19, 22 Large Binocular, 16 Leviathan, 13 James Webb, 23 The new telescope, called the James Webb Space Telescope, will have a 6.
5) Index Galilei, Galileo, 7–9 Jansky, Karl, 21 Lippershey, Hans, 6, 7, 9 牛顿, Isaaac, 9 银河系, 7, 14, 21 太阳, 7, 8, 12, 21, 23 望远镜, Hooker, 14 哈勃, 18, 19, 22 大比诺克, 16 Leviathan, 13 James Webb, 23 新的望远镜叫做詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜,将有一个6个望远镜。
5-meter (20 ft.)
5米(20英尺)长
than that of the Hubble Telescope.
比起哈勃望远镜
The Webb Telescope will gather both visible light waves and low-energy infrared waves.
Webb望远镜将同时收集可见光波和低能红外波.
In order to get an object this large into orbit, it will be launched folded up and then unfolded in orbit.
为了让这样大的物体进入轨道,它将被发射折叠后在轨道上展开.
Most scientists agree that the ultimate telescope would be built on the Moon.
大多数科学家都同意最终望远镜会建在月球上.
Scientists are planning an observatory that would be built on the Moon’s surface.
科学家们正在计划建立一个观测台,将在月球表面建造。
Since the Moon has very little atmosphere, there would be minimal interference to light coming from distant objects in space.
由于月球的大气层很少,从遥远的太空物体发出的光线受到的干扰会很小.
The mysteries of space are slowly being revealed.
空间的奥秘正在慢慢被揭示。
No one knows what the newest telescopes will discover, but whatever it is, these powerful eyes on space will help us to see it for ourselves!
没有人知道最新的望远镜会发现什么 但不管是什么,这些强大的太空眼睛会帮助我们自己看到它!