LEVELED BOOK • ZThe Red Baron
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents A Memorable Encounter.
内容表 A 可计量的相会。
4 The Young Baron.
4"年轻男爵".
5 Becoming a World War I Flyer.
5成为第一次世界大战的飞行者.
7 Combat in the Clouds.
7"云中会战".
10 The End of the Red Baron.
10"红男爵之末".
13 Glossary.
13 词汇。
16 A Memorable Encounter On April 30, 1917, Billy Bishop, Canada’s top World War I flying ace, flew a combat patrol in the skies over France with his commander, Major Jack Scott.
1917年4月30日,加拿大顶级世界大战比利·毕晓普(Billy Bishop)的回忆式相会 我和指挥官杰克·斯科特少校在法国上空 飞行了一次战斗巡逻
The Canadian pilots spotted four German fighter planes heading toward them and turned to attack.
加拿大飞行员发现有四架德国战斗机朝它们飞去并转向攻击.
In the “lightning fight” that followed, Bishop squared off against a bright red German plane.
在随后发生的“闪光战斗”中,Bishop正对着一架明亮的红色德国飞机。
Bishop managed to put some bullet holes in the red plane but got several bullet holes in his own plane for his efforts.
毕晓普设法将一些弹孔放入了红色飞机上,但由于他的努力,他在自己的飞机上得到了几个弹孔.
He quickly realized his foe was unlike any he’ d ever faced.
他很快意识到他的敌人不像他曾经面对过的任何敌人。
The German pilots broke off the fight when four British planes arrived, but Bishop never forgot the battle.
德国飞行员在4架英国飞机到来时就打散了战斗,但毕夏普从未忘记过战斗.
Bishop landed safely back at his home airfield.
Bishop安全地回到了自己的机场
“It was a close shave, but a wonderful, soul- stirring fight,” the Canadian said later.
加拿大人后来说,“这是一场很近的刮胡子,但却是一场令人振奋的美妙战斗”。
Despite his skill and combat experience, Bishop was lucky to have escaped unharmed.
尽管他有技巧和战斗经验,但毕夏普幸免于难.
The pilot he tangled with that day was Germany’s greatest ace: Manfred von Richthofen—the famous Red Baron.
他和那天的飞行员是德国最伟大的王牌: 曼弗雷德·冯·里奇托芬——著名的"红男爵".
Billy Bishop poses with his Nieuport 17 scout.
Billy Bishop带着他的"纽波特"17号球探的姿势
The Young Baron Manfred von Richthofen was born in 1892 into a noble family in Prussia, the most powerful state in Germany.
年轻的曼弗雷德·冯·里希特霍芬男爵于1892年生于普鲁士的一个贵族家庭,是德国最强大的州.
He had an older sister and two younger brothers.
他有一个姐姐和两个弟弟.
Manfred’s family were minor nobles in Germany, so he was sometimes called a baron.
曼弗雷德的家庭在德国是小贵族,所以他有时被称作男爵.
Young Manfred loved to hunt on his family’s land and became an expert shot.
年轻的曼弗雷德喜欢在自己家族的土地上打猎并成为了一名专家射手.
He also enjoyed horseback riding and was a skilled athlete.
他还喜欢骑马,是一名熟练的运动员.
Manfred’s father, Albrecht, had been an officer in the Prussian cavalry.
曼弗雷德的父亲阿尔布雷希特曾在普鲁士骑兵团当过军官.
He encouraged his sons to join the military.
他鼓励儿子参军.
At the age of eleven, Manfred was sent to a military school.
11岁时,曼弗雷德被送到了一所军校.
He was only an average student but had strong athletic abilities.
他只是普通学生,但运动能力很强。
After completing his schooling, he became a cavalry officer in 1911.
完成学业后于1911年出任骑兵军官.
With the start of World War I in August 1914, Lieutenant Richthofen was sent to the Eastern Front to fight the Russian Army.
随着一战于1914年8月开始,里奇托芬中尉被派往东线与俄军作战.
Soon afterward, he was transferred to the Western Front, where Germany faced the Allied forces, including Britain, France, and Canada.
不久后被调到了西线,德国在那里面对盟军,包括英国,法国和加拿大.
By early 1915, the war had become a stalemate.
到1915年初,战争已经陷入了僵局.
Soldiers lived in muddy trenches guarded by barbed wire and machine guns.
士兵们生活在由有刺铁丝网和机枪守卫的泥地沟中。
This style of trench warfare, which allowed for little forward movement, made cavalry units practically useless.
这种战壕战的作风,使得少有前行,使骑兵部队实际上毫无用处.
Richthofen’s unit was stripped of its horses, and he became a foot messenger.
里希特霍芬的部队被剥去马匹,他成了一名脚信使.
English Channel England Belgium Luxembourg Ypres Lille Cambrai London St.
英吉利海峡、英格兰、比利时、卢森堡、伊普尔、里尔、康布雷、伦敦、圣……
Manfred began preparing for a military career as a child.
曼弗雷德从小开始为军事生涯做准备.
Becoming a World War I Flyer As 1915 wore on, Richthofen grew tired of the filthy trenches.
第一次世界大战来临 随着1915年的穿戴,里希特霍芬逐渐厌倦了肮脏的战壕.
Being stuck there was not how he wanted to spend the war.
被困在那里不是他想如何度过战争。
Far above him, airplanes soared through the clean air and clouds.
飞机飞到他上面 飞出干净的空气和云
He wrote in his autobiography that he became “tremendously excited” whenever he saw an aviator.
他在自传中写道,每当他看到一名飞行员时,他就会变得"非常兴奋".
Joining the German Flying Service became his “greatest wish.”
加入德国飞行服务局成为他“最大的愿望。 “
In May 1915, Richthofen was accepted for pilot training.
1915年5月,里奇特霍芬被接受试训.
He asked to become a flying observer rather than a combat pilot because the training period was shorter.
他要求成为飞行观察员而不是战斗飞行员,因为训练期较短.
Richthofen spent several months flying as an observer, but this type of flying didn’t satisfy the hunter in him.
Richthofen以观察员身份飞行了几个月,
In October 1915, Richthofen went back to flight school to become a pilot.
1915年10月,里奇特霍芬回飞行学校出任飞行员.
The young baron must have known the dangers of being a fighter pilot.
年轻的男爵一定知道当战斗机飞行员的危险
The planes were fragile, and pilots did not have parachutes.
飞机很脆弱,飞行员没有降落伞.
Most new combat pilots didn’t survive past their first two weeks.
大部分新来的战斗机飞行员都未能活过头两周。
Like most new flyers, Richthofen probably thought he could beat the odds.
和大多数新的传单一样,里希特霍芬可能认为他能战胜几率.
The airplanes of the day were light, flimsy vehicles made mostly of fabric and wood.
当时的飞机是轻而易举的,虚弱的车辆,大多由布料和木材所制造.
Planes had to be lightweight in order to fly because the engines used in them weren’t very powerful.
飞机必须轻而易举,
In addition, most of the planes at the time were biplanes—planes with two sets of wings.
此外,当时的飞机多为双翼飞机-双翼飞机.
Two pairs of wings gave a plane increased structural strength and reduced the weight that each wing had to support in the air.
两对翅膀使一平面提高了结构强度并减少了每翼在空中所必须支撑的重量.
Richthofen began his flying career in the back seat of a plane used for taking photographs, like the one shown here.
里希特霍芬在一架用于拍照的飞机后座上开始了他的飞行生涯,就像这里显示的一样.
German soldiers watch from a trench as a biplane passes overhead.
德军士兵从战壕里看着 双翼飞机飞过
Combat in the Clouds A chance encounter with Oswald Boelcke (BULL-kuh), one of Germany’s leading flyers, opened new doors for Richthofen.
与德国主要传单之一Oswald Boelcke(BULL-kuh)的偶然相遇,
At the time of their meeting, Boelcke was putting together a new jasta (YAW-stuh), or fighter squadron, of handpicked pilots.
在他们开会时,波尔克正在组建由手选的飞行员组成的新的jasta (YAW-stuh),即战斗机中队.
Boelcke invited Richthofen to join the group, and he jumped at the chance.
博尔克邀请 里奇特霍芬加入团体,他跳出机会.
Boelcke wanted to make sure that his men always had the upper hand in aerial combat.
Boelcke希望确保他的手下在空中战斗中总是占上风.
He made a list of eight dicta (rules) for engaging the enemy.
他列出了8个与敌人交战的规则。
One rule instructed pilots to dive out of the sun at their adversaries so the enemy would not see them coming.
有一条规则指示飞行员向对手从太阳下潜,这样敌人就不会看到他们来.
Another told pilots to hold their fire until they were close to an enemy plane.
另一位则叫飞行员们保持射击,直到接近敌机.
During the first year of the war, both sides had experimented with putting machine guns onto planes.
在战争的第一年,双方曾尝试将机枪放入飞机.
The best place to position machine guns was atop the nose of the plane in front of the pilot.
将机枪定位的最佳地点是在飞行员面前的飞机鼻子上.
The problem with this arrangement was that the plane’s propeller was in the way and would get chewed up by the bullets.
这一安排的问题是,飞机的螺旋桨有碍,会被子弹咀嚼。
The Germans solved the problem by synchronizing the guns with the rotation of the propeller.
德国人通过将炮与螺旋桨旋转同步解决了这个问题.
With this system, the machine-gun bullets passed harmlessly between the spinning propeller blades.
通过这个系统,机枪子弹在旋转螺旋桨叶片之间无害地传递.
The British soon developed a similar system of their own.
英国人很快发展出他们自己的类似系统.
The airplane had now become a deadly weapon for both sides in the war.
飞机现在已经成为战争双方的致命武器。
It was a weapon Richthofen was hungering to use against Germany’s enemies.
这是Richthofen渴望用来对付德国敌人的武器。
In late 1916, he got the opportunity he had been waiting for.
1916年末,他获得了他一直等待的机会.
The Fokker Eindecker fighter plane temporarily gave German flyers the advantage in 1916.
福克·艾因德克战斗机在1916年暂时给予德军传单以优势.
Oswald Boelcke (center) reviews pilots under his command in 1916.
奥斯瓦尔德·博埃尔克(英语:Oswald Boelcke (center))于1916年审查他所指挥的飞行员.
Richthofen was never a flashy pilot, but he was disciplined, following Boelcke’s dicta to the letter.
Richthofen从来就不是一个闪闪发光的飞行员,但他遵守了Boelcke的指令。
On September 17, 1916, he scored his first confirmed shoot-down of an Allied plane.
1916年9月17日,他打入了经证实的首次击落盟军飞机.
By October 16, he had downed four more Allied aircraft.
至10月16日,他又击落了四架盟军飞机.
With five victories under his belt, Richthofen was now an ace.
在他的腰带下取得了5次胜利,里希特霍芬现在成为了王牌.
Near the end of October, Boelcke was killed when his plane crashed following a midair collision with one of his own men.
接近10月底时,波尔克在与自己一人的中空相撞后坠毁后被击毙.
With Boelcke gone, Richthofen became the leading combat pilot in Germany, and his victories quickly added up.
随着波尔克的离去,里希特霍芬也成为了德国领先的战斗飞行员,他的胜利迅速收场.
In January 1917, his score of downed planes reached sixteen.
1917年1月,他的被击落飞机得分达到16分.
In honor of his achievements, Richthofen was awarded Germany’s highest military honor, a medal called the “Blue Max.”
为了纪念他的成就,里奇特霍芬被授予德国最高军事荣誉,一枚被称作"蓝色马克斯"的奖章.
He also received command of his own jasta and a promotion to captain.
他还获得了自己的jasta指挥权并被晋升为上尉.
Richthofen had his Albatros biplane painted a brilliant red to make it more visible in the sky.
里希特霍芬有他的"信天翁"双子飞机被涂上一幅辉煌的红色来使其更能被天空所看见.
His men followed his lead and painted their planes in a variety of bright colors.
他的手下跟从他的领导,用各种明亮的颜色给飞机作画.
The Allies began calling Richthofen’s colorful group the “Flying Circus.”
盟军开始将里希特霍芬的多彩团体称为"飞行马戏团". “
It was a deadly circus.
是个致命的马戏团
Under Richthofen’s leadership, the jasta racked up impressive victories.
在Richthofen的领导下,Jasta赢得了令人印象深刻的胜利。
In April 1917, Richthofen’s forces shot down 89 planes of Britain’s Royal Flying Corps (RFC).
1917年4月,里奇特霍芬的部队击落了英国皇家飞行团(RFC)的89架飞机.
Richthofen alone claimed 22 victories.
仅Richthofen就获得了22起胜利。
The RFC lost 245 aircraft that month, which is remembered as Bloody April.
RFC当月损失了245架飞机,这被人们记得为"血腥四月".
As his reputation grew, Richthofen inspired nicknames such as the “Red Battle Flyer” and the “Red Knight.”
随着名声的提高,里希特霍芬激发出"红色战斗飞行"和"红色骑士"等昵称. “
The French called him “le Diable Rouge” (“Red Devil”) or “le Petit Rouge” (“Little Red”).
法国人称他为"红色"或"红色"。
The “Red Baron” nickname became popular after the war.
" 红男爵 " 昵称在战后流行起来。
In July, Richthofen suffered a severe wound when a bullet grazed his skull during an aerial combat.
7月,里奇特霍芬在一次空中战斗中被一发子弹擦伤头骨而受了重伤.
During a one-month recovery, he returned to his home in Prussia.
在为期一个月的康复期间,他回到了普鲁士的家中.
He and his brother Lothar—who was also an ace and would survive the war—went hunting in the family woods.
他和他的哥哥Lothar也是王牌,他将在战争中幸存下来。
Richthofen had always been up for a hunt, whether on the ground or in the air.
里希特霍芬一直在打猎 无论是在地上还是在空中
Now, though, he began to lose his zest for battle.
现在,虽然, 他开始失去他的热心 战斗。
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
The medal was nicknamed the “Blue Max” because of its blue color and the fact that the first German pilot to receive it was Max Immelmann.
该奖章被昵称为"蓝色马克斯",因为它的蓝色颜色和第一个获得该奖章的德国飞行员是马克斯·伊梅尔曼.
The End of the Red Baron Returning to the front in August, Richthofen traded his Albatros biplane for a new Fokker triplane.
8月红男爵回归前线的结局,里希特霍芬用他的"信天翁"双飞飞机换来一款新的福克出行道.
The slow but highly maneuverable fighter featured three sets of wings and quickly became the aircraft with which he is most often remembered.
缓慢而能高度机动的战斗机以三组机翼为特色,并很快地成为他最常被铭记的飞机.
Despite headaches from the incompletely healed wound and his growing distaste for the war, Richthofen continued to plague the Allies.
尽管因伤口不完全痊愈而头痛并日益厌恶战争,里奇特霍芬继续困扰盟军.
On April 20, 1918, he scored his eightieth victory.
1918年4月20日,他打入了自己的第八十个胜利.
It would be his last.
这将是他最后一次。
The next day, while engaged in combat above Allied lines, Richthofen was struck by a single bullet that pierced his heart.
次日,里希特霍芬在盟军战线上方进行战斗时被一发打穿心脏的子弹击中.
He managed to land safely and was pulled from his plane by Australian soldiers.
他设法安全降落,被澳大利亚士兵从飞机上拉出.
According to one of the soldiers, the baron uttered one final word in German: kaputt (“done for”).
据其中一名士兵说,男爵最后用德语说出一个词:kaputt (“done for”)。
He died moments later.
他死的时候。
Allied pilots gave Richthofen a funeral with full military honors at a French cemetery.
盟军飞行员在法国一个公墓为里希特霍芬举行有完全军事荣誉的葬礼.
A wreath placed on his coffin read, “To our gallant and worthy foe.”
放在他棺材上的一个花圈写道:“敬我们勇敢而值得尊敬的敌人。 “
Richthofen’s body was transferred to Germany after the war.
里希特霍芬的尸体在战后被转移到了德国.
A controversy arose over who fired the bullet that struck Richthofen.
关于是谁发射的子弹击中了Richthofen,引起了争议.
Canadians insisted it was one of their own pilots, Captain Arthur Brown.
加拿大人坚持这是他们自己的飞行员之一,阿瑟·布朗船长.
However, many historians believe the fatal bullet came from an Australian gunner on the ground.
然而,许多历史学家认为致命的子弹来自地上一位澳大利亚枪手.
British soldiers stand at attention at Richthofen’s funeral on April 21, 1918.
英国士兵在1918年4月21日的Richthofen的葬礼上受到关注.
Richthofen scored his last nineteen victories flying the Fokker Triplane.
里希特霍芬在驾驶福克三相机上取得了他最后19次胜利.
With eighty confirmed victories, Richthofen was the greatest ace of World War I.
凭借八十项确认的胜利,里希特霍芬是一战中最伟大的王牌.
In later times, people would revere other commanding figures of the air war.
在后期,人们会敬仰其他指挥空战的人物.
The French remembered René Fonck, with seventy-five victories, and Canadians honored Billy Bishop, with seventy-two.
法国人回忆起雷内·丰克(René Fonck)以75次胜利,而加拿大人则以72次荣耀比利·毕晓普.
Americans had a special place in their hearts for Eddie Rickenbacker, who shot down twenty-six enemy planes in just the final eight months of the war.
美国人心中对埃迪·里肯贝克有特殊的地位,他在战争的最后八个月中击落了26架敌机.
Even so, in discussions of World War I aerial combat, the first name that comes to most people’s minds is Manfred von Richthofen—the legendary Red Baron.
即使如此,在第一次世界大战空中战斗的讨论中,大多数人想到的第一个名字是曼弗雷德·冯·里希特霍芬——传说中的"红男爵".
Glossary ace (n.)
词汇 a (n.)
a fighter pilot who has brought down five or more enemy planes (p.
击落了五架或多架敌机的战斗机飞行员(p.
4) adversaries (n.)
4)对手(n.
enemies or opponents (p.
敌人或对手(p.
10) aviator (n.)
10)飞行员 (n.
a pilot of an aircraft (p.
飞机飞行员(p.
7) cavalry (n.)
7) 骑兵 (n.
a group of soldiers who fight while mounted on horses (p.
一群骑马战斗的士兵(p.
5) maneuverable (adj.)
(5) 可操作(adj.)
able to move or change direction quickly and easily (p.
能够快速而轻松地移动或改变方向(p.
13) revere (v.)
13) 敬业 (五.
to deeply respect or hold someone or something in high esteem (p.
敬重他人或某种东西(第3页)。
15) squadron (n.)
15)中队 (n.
a military unit made up of more than one small group of soldiers, airplanes, or ships (p.
由一多群士兵、飞机或船只组成的军事单位(p.
10) stalemate (n.)
10) 僵局 (n.
a draw or deadlock; a situation in a contest where neither side can gain an advantage or win (p.
平局或僵局；比赛中任何一方都无法取得优势或获胜的局面（见第
6) synchronizing (v.)
6)同步(五.
setting things to match in time or arranging things to happen at the same time (p.
设置时间匹配或安排同时发生的事情(p.
9) trenches (n.)
9) 壕沟 (n.
long ditches (p.
长沟 (p.
6) triplane (n.)
6) 三联线 (n.
an early type of airplane with three pairs of wings (p.
有三对翅膀(p.
13) World War I (n.)
13) 第一次世界大战 (n.
a war between the Allied Powers and the Central Powers (1914–1918) (p.
盟国和中央列强之间的战争(1914–1918)(p.
4) The Red Baron shoots down a Sopwith Camel the day before his own death.
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