Queen Elizabeth l
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
England, Ireland, and Scotland, 1500s ATLANTIC OCEAN NORTH SEA London H AFRICA ASIA EUROPE FRANCE Table of Contents Elizabeth’s World.
英国、爱尔兰和苏格兰,1500年代 非洲国家: 伊丽莎白世界目录.
4 Young Elizabeth.
4 年轻的伊丽莎白。
5 Mary and Elizabeth.
5 玛丽和伊丽莎白。
7 Early Challenges.
7 《早期挑战》。
9 A Spanish Threat.
9 西班牙威胁。
11 Elizabethan Age.
11伊丽莎白时代.
13 Elizabeth’s Last Years.
13 伊丽莎白的最后几年。
14 Glossary.
14 词汇表。
16 KINGDOM OF IRELAND KINGDOM OF SCOTLAND KINGDOM OF ENGLAND WALES Young Elizabeth Elizabeth’s World Elizabeth Tudor was perhaps the greatest English monarch of all time.
16 爱尔兰国王 苏格兰国王 英格兰国王 年轻的伊丽莎白·伊丽莎白的世界 伊丽莎白·图多尔 或许是有史以来最伟大的英国君主
In order to understand her, we need to know about her family.
为了了解她 我们需要了解她的家人
Elizabeth’s father—Henry VIII—was the king of England.
伊丽莎白的父亲 亨利八世是英国国王
Before Elizabeth was born, he married Catherine of Aragon and had a daughter, Mary.
在伊丽莎白出世前,他与阿拉贡的凯瑟琳结婚并生有女儿玛丽.
But Henry wanted a son, and while still married to Catherine, he fell in love with Anne Boleyn and wanted to marry her.
但是亨利想要一个儿子,虽然仍然嫁给了凯瑟琳,他却爱上了安妮·博林并想娶她.
Henry asked the pope—the leader of the Catholic Church—to annul his marriage to Catherine.
亨利要求教皇——天主教会领袖——废除他与凯瑟琳的婚姻.
The pope refused to grant Henry’s wishes.
教皇拒绝同意亨利的愿望.
Henry formed a separate church and established himself as its supreme ruler on Earth.
亨利单独组建了一座教堂,并把自己确立为它在地球上的最高统治者.
He called the new church the Church of England.
他称新教堂为"英格兰教会".
Then, he declared his first marriage invalid.
然后,他宣布他的第一次婚姻无效.
Free from the pope’s rule, Henry secretly married Anne who became the queen of England.
不受教皇统治,亨利秘密结婚 成为英国女王的安妮.
Anne Boleyn Young Elizabeth Elizabeth Tudor was born on September 7, 1533, in Greenwich, England.
安妮·博莱恩(Anne Boleyn Young Elizabeth Elizabeth Tudor)于1533年9月7日生于英国格林尼治.
Henry had affection for Elizabeth and favored her over Mary, but desperately wanted a son to inherit his throne.
亨利对伊丽莎白有好感并宠爱她而优于玛丽,但迫切地想让儿子继承他的王位.
Henry began to lose interest in Anne Boleyn when it seemed that she, too, would not be able to give him a son.
亨利开始对安妮·博莱恩失去兴趣,当时她似乎也不可能给他一个儿子.
Henry eventually accused Anne of treason and had her executed.
亨利最终被指控 叛国被处死
He declared that their marriage was invalid and their daughter, Elizabeth, was illegitimate—or a child born to unwed parents.
他宣布他们的婚姻无效,他们的女儿伊丽莎白是非婚生的——或未婚父母所生的孩子。
It meant Elizabeth could not be heir to his throne.
这意味着伊丽莎白不能继承他的王位.
In 1537, Jane Seymour—Henry’s third wife— gave birth to the son Henry desired.
1537年,简·西摩- 亨利的第三任妻子——生下亨利所希望的儿子.
He was named Prince Edward.
他被封为爱德华王子.
Jane, already weak and exhausted, contracted a high fever and died shortly after giving birth.
已经虚弱而精疲力竭的简患了高发烧,分娩后不久就去世了.
In the meantime, Elizabeth had begun her education in earnest.
在此期间,伊丽莎白认真地开始了她的教育.
Private tutors educated her in math, history, geography, architecture, and needlework.
私人辅导员在数学,历史,地理学,建筑学和针工学等方面教育她.
She also learned to speak and write in fluent French, Italian, Greek, and Latin.
她还学会了用流利的法语,意大利语,希腊语和拉丁语来讲和写作.
A portrait of the Tudor family includes (from left to right) Lady Mary, Prince Edward, Henry Vlll, Jane Seymour, and Lady Elizabeth.
图多克家族的一幅肖像画包括(从左到右)玛丽夫人,爱德华王子,亨利·维尔,简·西摩和伊丽莎白夫人.
An excellent student, Elizabeth’s tutors regarded her highly.
一个优秀的学生,伊丽莎白的导师们高度评价她.
Elizabeth was an intelligent girl who relished her schoolwork.
伊丽莎白是一个聪明的女孩 她喜欢她的学校工作。
She had a witty and captivating personality, and she charmed everyone who met her.
她有种机智又有魅力的个性 她吸引了遇见她的人
In her free time, Elizabeth enjoyed riding horses, dancing, and playing the lute.
在她的空闲时间里,伊丽莎白喜欢骑马,跳舞,并演奏"花花公子".
Although she rarely saw her father, she was often in the company of her older sister and younger brother.
虽然她很少见到她的父亲,但经常与姐姐和弟弟在一起.
Henry married three more times, but none of these marriages produced another child.
亨利又结婚三次,但这些婚姻都没有再生出一个孩子.
Henry’s sixth and final marriage, in 1543, was to Catherine Parr.
1543年亨利的第六和最后的婚姻是给凯瑟琳·帕尔的.
She strongly encouraged Henry to establish a line of succession.
她强烈地鼓励亨利建立继承线.
Mary and Elizabeth At Catherine’s urging, Henry reinstated Mary and Elizabeth as heirs to his throne.
玛丽和伊丽莎白在凯瑟琳的催促下,亨利恢复了玛丽和伊丽莎白的王位继承人地位.
Their brother, Edward, however, was first in line.
然而,他们的哥哥爱德华是排行第一.
Henry VIII died in 1547, and Prince Edward became king at nine years of age.
亨利八世于1547年去世,爱德华王子于9岁时成为国王.
Under his rule, the Church of England leaned more toward a new kind of Christianity called Protestantism.
在他的统治下,英格兰教会更倾向于一种被称作新教的新型基督教.
However, his reign was short.
然而,他的统治时间很短.
In 1553, Edward died and Mary, Elizabeth’s older half sister, became queen.
1553年,爱德华去世,伊丽莎白的同父异母姐姐玛丽出任王后.
Mary—the daughter of Henry and his first wife, Catherine—was Catholic and believed strongly in the faith.
玛丽——亨利和第一任妻子凯瑟琳的女儿——是天主教徒并坚信信仰.
A growing number of people were turning to Protestantism.
越来越多的人转向了新教。
Mary’s goal as monarch was to end all Protestant practices.
作为君主,玛丽的目标是结束一切新教习俗.
Mary thought that people who did not follow the Catholic teachings were heretics.
玛丽认为不遵循天主教教义的人是异教徒.
During her reign, she ordered executions of about three hundred people convicted of being against the Catholic Church.
在她统治期间,她下令处决大约300名被判犯有反对天主教会罪的人.
This earned her the nickname “Bloody Mary.”
这为她赢得了“Blody Mary”的外号。
Elizabeth had been raised a Protestant and strongly valued her faith.
伊丽莎白曾被培养为新教徒,并强烈地重视她的信仰.
However, she did not trust Mary and thought that she needed to appear to be Catholic.
然而,她不信任玛丽,认为她需要表现为天主教徒.
In order to save her life, she attended mass openly and studied the Catholic religion.
为了挽救她的生命,她公开参加了弥撒并学习了天主教.
Artwork shows the Tower of London as it appeared in the sixteenth century.
艺术作品展示了16世纪出现的伦敦塔.
People were sent to the tower to be imprisoned.
人们被送往塔被囚禁.
Many were tortured or killed.
许多人被折磨或杀害。
Despite Elizabeth’s actions, Mary believed Elizabeth was practicing the Protestant faith in secret.
尽管伊丽莎白的行为,玛丽相信伊丽莎白正在秘密地练习新教信仰.
When people attempted to overthrow Mary, she thought that Elizabeth was behind it.
当人们试图推翻玛丽时,她认为伊丽莎白是幕后黑手.
She had her arrested and sent to the Tower of London.
她将她逮捕并送往伦敦塔.
Although Elizabeth professed her innocence, she was kept there for two months until she was released and placed under house arrest for a year.
虽然伊丽莎白宣称自己是无辜的,但她被关了两个月,直到她被释放并被软禁了一年.
Mary married Prince Philip of Spain and had hoped to produce an heir.
玛丽与西班牙王子菲利普结婚,并曾希望产生继承人.
She wanted to keep England Catholic and prevent her sister Elizabeth from succeeding to the throne.
她想让英国保持天主教,并阻止妹妹伊丽莎白继承王位.
Mary had no children.
玛丽没有孩子。
She had to accept that Elizabeth—next in line for the throne—would be her lawful successor.
她不得不接受伊丽莎白——下一个是她的王位——将成为她的合法接班人。
Mary died from an illness in 1558, and Elizabeth was crowned queen on January 15, 1559.
1558年玛丽病逝,1559年1月15日伊丽莎白被加冕为皇后.
Elizabeth’s Fashion Elizabeth had fair skin and hair.
伊丽莎白的"时尚"伊丽莎白有公平的外表和发型.
People considered her beautiful in Tudor England.
人们在都铎英格兰认为她美丽.
When Elizabeth became queen, she began to dress very elaborately, favoring bright oranges and reds accented with jewels.
伊丽莎白出任女王后,她开始非常精心地着装,喜欢亮相的橙子和有珠宝口音的红色.
She exuded power and authority.
她夸耀了权力和权威.
Elizabeth I in her coronation robes Early Challenges Elizabeth was twenty-five years old.
伊丽莎白一世身穿卫冕长袍"早期挑战" 伊丽莎白25岁.
Although she quickly established herself as a Protestant monarch, she was tolerant of Catholics.
虽然她很快地确立了自己为新教君主的地位,但她还是对天主教徒持宽容态度.
From the beginning of Elizabeth’s reign, some of her advisors tried to find her a suitable husband.
从伊丽莎白统治之初,她的一些顾问就试图为她找个合适的丈夫.
A marriage for Elizabeth would mean England could create new alliances with other countries.
为伊丽莎白结婚意味着英格兰可以与其他国家建立新的联盟.
Also, if Elizabeth had a child, England would be assured an heir to the throne.
另外,如果伊丽莎白有孩子,英格兰会得到王位继承人的保证.
However, Elizabeth knew that if she married a foreign king, England might fall under another country’s rule.
然而,伊丽莎白知道,如果她嫁给了一位外国国王,英格兰可能会落入另一个国家的统治下.
If she married a fellow Englishman she would be marrying beneath her royal status.
如果她嫁给一个英国同胞 她就会在王室身份之下结婚
She also might lose power as queen.
她也会失去当女王的权力
She received many proposals and rejected all of them.
她收到了许多建议,拒绝了所有建议。
Mary was imprisoned by Elizabeth for nineteen years before her execution at the age of forty-four.
玛丽被伊丽莎白囚禁了19年,后被处死,享年44岁.
Elizabeth had more urgent concerns.
Elizabeth有更紧迫的担心
Early in Elizabeth’s reign, Europe was split by the Catholic and Protestant religions.
在伊丽莎白统治初期,欧洲被天主教和新教分裂.
Elizabeth was focused on stopping the Catholic nations of Spain and France from invading England to defeat Protestantism or becoming an ally of her enemy and neighbor to the north—Scotland.
伊丽莎白专注于阻止西班牙和法国的天主教国家入侵英格兰来击败新教或者成为她与北上-苏格兰的敌人和邻居的盟友.
Mary, Queen of Scots, Elizabeth’s cousin, was the Catholic queen of Scotland.
玛丽,苏格兰王后,伊丽莎白的堂弟,是苏格兰的天主教女王.
Mary posed a grave threat to Elizabeth.
玛丽对伊丽莎白构成严重威胁.
Many Catholics in England tried to depose Elizabeth to allow Mary to ascend to the English throne and restore Catholicism.
英国许多天主教徒试图废黜伊丽莎白,让玛丽登上英国王位并恢复天主教.
Some threats were linked to Mary.
一些威胁与玛丽有关.
When Mary came to England, Elizabeth had her imprisoned for nineteen years.
玛丽来英国后,伊丽莎白被囚禁了十九年.
In 1586, Elizabeth’s patience was at an end.
1586年,伊丽莎白的耐心已经走到了尽头.
When she learned that Mary was involved in yet another plot to assassinate her, she had Mary tried for treason.
当她得知玛丽参与另一起暗杀她的阴谋后,她让玛丽以叛国罪受审.
A court found Mary guilty of plotting against Elizabeth.
一个法庭判定玛丽犯有谋害伊丽莎白的罪行.
She was executed on February 8, 1587.
她于1587年2月8日被处决.
A Spanish Threat King Philip II of Spain, a Catholic, had been planning to invade England before Elizabeth had Mary, Queen of Scots executed.
西班牙威胁国王腓力二世,天主教徒,在被苏格兰人女王伊丽莎白处死之前,一直计划入侵英格兰.
Mary’s death convinced him that Elizabeth should be overthrown.
玛丽的死让他相信伊丽莎白应该被推翻.
He wanted the Catholic faith to be brought back to England.
他希望天主教信仰被带回英国.
Up to this point explorer Sir Francis Drake, with the support of Elizabeth, had been angering Philip with his plundering of Spanish ships as they returned from newly discovered territories in the Americas.
至此,探险家弗朗西斯·德雷克爵士在伊丽莎白的支持下,在菲力浦从美洲新发现的领土返回时,一直以掠夺西班牙船只来激怒他.
Drake would order his seamen to raid the Spanish ships and take large amounts of gold and silver they were carrying back to Spain.
德雷克会命令他的海员去突袭西班牙舰只,并取走他们运回西班牙的大量金银.
In 1587, Drake sailed into Cadiz Harbor, Spain, and destroyed many of the Spanish ships at anchor.
1587年德雷克出海入西班牙加的斯港,并摧毁了多艘锚地的西班牙船只.
After this setback, Philip got ready to attack England and overthrow Elizabeth.
在这一挫折后,菲利普准备进攻英格兰并推翻了伊丽莎白.
In 1588, Philip ordered the Spanish Armada to set sail with the intention of invading England.
1588年,腓力命令西班牙军团出海,意图入侵英格兰.
Philip also had a force of about seventeen thousand ground troops in the Netherlands.
腓特烈在荷兰还拥有约一万七千名地面部队.
These troops were now under Spanish rule and supported Philip’s Armada.
这些部队现在被西班牙统治并支援了腓力的军队.
However, they were not ready for the invasion.
然而,他们还没有做好入侵的准备。
Route of the Spanish Armada, 1588 The Spanish Armada sailed northward toward England, and then around the coasts of Scotland and Ireland on its route back to Spain.
西班牙军队的路线, 1588 西班牙阿玛达号向北行驶至英格兰,再绕过苏格兰和爱尔兰的海岸行驶回西班牙.
ATLANTIC OCEAN English Channel MEDITERRANEAN SEA NORTH SEA SPAIN PORTUGAL FRANCE SPANISH NETHERLANDS IRELAND ENGLAND SCOTLAND A Coruña Santander Lisbon 200 km (124.
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3 mi.)
3 分钟)
Cadiz Harbor The English were superior seamen and had ships that were more maneuverable.
卡迪兹港 英国人是优秀的海员 拥有更能操纵的船只
They were able to scatter the Spanish ships and force them into the North Sea.
他们得以将西班牙舰只散开并逼入北海.
In addition, the winds were not in the Spanish ships’ favor as they sailed north, and the weather slowly defeated them.
此外,风在向北航行时并不利于西班牙船只,而天气慢慢地击败了它们.
Elizabeth’s troops had triumphed, and she had survived another challenge to her crown.
Elizabeth的军队取得了胜利,而她也经受了又一次对王冠的挑战.
Queen Elizabeth I knights English explorer Sir Francis Drake for his achievements in exploration.
伊丽莎白女王 我骑士英国探险家 弗朗西斯·德雷克爵士 他的探索成就。
Elizabethan Age Elizabeth had developed a strong government and a powerful navy.
伊利莎白时代伊利莎白已经发展出一个强大的政府和强大的海军.
Wanting to bring expansion and wealth to her beloved country, she encouraged exploration of new places and trade with foreign countries.
为了给所爱的国家带来扩张和财富,她鼓励探索新地和与外国的贸易.
Trade of such goods as silk, food, and spices, greatly helped England’s economy.
丝绸、食品和香料等商品的贸易极大地帮助了英格兰的经济。
Elizabeth believed strongly in supporting the arts.
伊丽莎白坚信支持艺术.
During her reign, she encouraged growth in the areas of music, art, and literature.
在她统治期间,她鼓励了音乐,艺术,和文学领域的成长.
Musicians, poets, writers, and other artists were always welcome in her court.
音乐家,诗人,作家等艺术家在她的宫廷中总是受到欢迎.
By 1590, the arts in England were flourishing.
至1590年,英国的艺术正在蓬勃发展.
William Shakespeare, arguably the greatest playwright of all time, became very popular during Elizabeth’s reign and often brought his troupe of actors to perform in her court.
威廉·莎士比亚,可以说是有史以来最伟大的剧作家,在伊丽莎白统治期间变得非常受欢迎,并经常将他出演的演员剧团带到她的宫廷演出.
England was set to become a global empire and the Elizabethan Age came to be known as the “Golden Age” in English history.
英格兰被设定成为一个全球帝国,伊丽莎白时代被称作英国历史上的"黄金时代".
As a result, England became one of the most important countries in the world.
因此,英国成为了世界上最重要的国家之一.
Elizabeth’s Last Years During her rule, Elizabeth eased the religious arguments that had torn apart her country.
伊丽莎白的最后几年 在她统治期间,伊丽莎白缓和了分裂了自己国家的宗教争论.
Protestantism was quietly established as the official religion of England.
新教被悄悄地确立为英国的官方宗教.
Great strides were made in education and the arts, which she firmly supported.
在教育和艺术领域取得了长足的进步,对此她坚决支持。
Additionally, more people than ever before learned to read and write.
此外,学会读写的人比以往任何时候都多。
When Elizabeth died in 1603, she had reigned for forty-four years.
当伊丽莎白于1603年去世后,她已经统治了四十四年.
She had named James VI, the son of Mary, Queen of Scots as her successor— bringing together England and Scotland.
她将苏格兰女王玛丽之子詹姆斯六世命名为她的接班人——将英格兰和苏格兰联合起来.
Elizabeth was highly educated and a keen observer of human nature.
伊丽莎白受过很高的教育,并且是人性的敏锐观察者.
During her reign, she proved to her allies and enemies alike that a woman could be an effective and successful monarch and ruler.
在她统治时期,她向她的盟友和敌人都证明了女性可以成为一个有效和成功的君主和统治者.
As a result, the English loved and respected her.
因此,英国人爱并尊重她.
They would forever remember their queen.
他们永远记得自己的女王
Elizabeth I was the last monarch of the Tudor family.
伊丽莎白一世是图多克家族最后一位君主.
They had ruled England since 1485.
他们从1485年开始统治英格兰.