LEVELED BOOK • ZA New Skyline
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Growing the Big Apple.
4"种植大苹果".
5 Building an Empire.
5 建设帝国.
9 Twin Giants Rise, Then Fall.
9"双子巨人起,后倒.
11 A New Tower Rises from the Ashes.
11 从灰地起起起一塔.
14 Glossary.
14 词汇表。
16 Introduction What would Paris be without the Eiffel Tower, or London without its famous clock tower, Big Ben?
导言 没有埃菲尔铁塔,或者没有著名的钟楼"大本"的伦敦,巴黎会是什么?
All over the world, cities are recognizable by a silhouette of structures reaching skyward to form their unique skylines.
世界各地的城市都能被一连串的建筑所辨认出来 以形成它们独特的天际线
Architecture and skylines are unique identifiers of places, just as your fingerprints are one-of-a-kind identifiers of you.
建筑和天际线是地方的独特标识 就像你的指纹是你们的一模一样
Unlike fingerprints, however, skylines don’t stay the same forever—they change, sometimes gradually and at other times quite suddenly.
但与指纹不同, 天际线并非永远不变,
New York City is a great example of a place whose skyline has seen both kinds of changes.
纽约市是天际线 经历了两种变化的地方的典范
Skyscrapers have risen, fallen, and risen again.
天花板已经升起,倒下,再次升起.
From its start as a Dutch colony to its current status as a major world hub, New York’s skyline has evolved to reflect the changing times.
纽约的天际线从一开始作为荷兰殖民地,到现在作为一个主要世界枢纽的地位,就逐渐演变,以反映不断变化的时代.
Growing the Big Apple New York City wasn’t always a towering metropolis.
成长大苹果纽约市并不总是一个高耸的都市。
It began as a Dutch trade outpost in the seventeenth century when, in 1609, explorer Henry Hudson sailed the Half Moon into the mouth of the river that would eventually bear his name and called the port New Amsterdam.
它起于17世纪的荷兰贸易前哨,1609年,探险家亨利·哈德逊将"半月"号驶入了会最终取出他的名字的河口并取名"新阿姆斯特丹港".
Eventually, New Amsterdam was taken over by the British and renamed New York.
最终,新阿姆斯特丹被英国人接管并更名为"纽约".
The British port continued to expand and grow well into the 1700s.
英国港口继续扩张并发展到1700年代.
By the time the American Revolution had begun, four thousand buildings were tightly packed on the streets of southern Manhattan Island.
到美国革命开始的时候,曼哈顿岛南部的街道上有四千座建筑被紧紧地打包.
Further expansion occurred during the nineteenth century as New York turned into a major American city when its increasingly diverse population—and its skyline—grew rapidly.
19世纪期间,随着美国人口日益多样化,其天线迅速扩大,纽约变成了美国的主要城市。
The end of the Civil War in 1865 brought droves of freed slaves north in search of work, followed by waves of European immigrants seeking opportunity in America’s manufacturing and trade centers.
1865年的内战结束,将自由的奴隶驱使出北上寻找工作,随后又涌出一波欧洲移民来美国制造和贸易中心寻找机会.
Many of these refugees made their home on New York City’s Manhattan Island.
许多难民在纽约市曼哈顿岛建造了家园。
By the late 1800s, New York was the most densely populated city in the United States.
到1800年代末,纽约是美国人口最稠密的城市.
By 1925, it was the most densely populated city in the world.
到1925年,它是世界上人口最稠密的城市.
All the city’s new residents needed places to live, work, and shop, and the city’s borders gradually crept northward as new stores, factories, and homes were built.
城市所有的新居民都需要居住、工作和商店,随着新商店、工厂和住宅的建造,城市的边界逐渐向北扩张。
Manhattan Island, however, is only about 23 square miles (59.
然而曼哈顿岛只有约23平方英里(59.
6 sq km) in area.
面积6平方公里)。
It wasn’t long before buildable sites became few and far between.
不久后,
Eventually, there was no more room for the city to expand at ground level.
最终,这座城市在地上没有再扩张的余地了.
The only place to grow was skyward.
唯一能生长的地方就是天上.
To do that, new building methods had to be employed.
为此,必须采用新的建筑方法。
Up until then, traditional construction methods used walls to support a building’s weight.
在此之前,传统的建筑方法使用墙来支撑建筑物的重量.
Since the walls on the first floor had to bear the weight of all the floors and the roof above them, they had to be particularly sturdy.
由于一楼的墙壁必须承受所有地层和地上屋顶的重量,所以墙壁必须特别坚固.
Consequently, building height was limited, as there was no practical way to build walls strong enough to support a building with many floors.
因此,建筑高度有限,因为没有实际办法建造足够坚固的墙,以支撑一个多层楼的建筑。
An 1884 illustration of Lower Manhattan Island shows how little of the city’s structure and skyline was developed at the time.
1884年下曼哈顿岛的一幅插图显示,当时该市结构和天线的开发程度极低.
A new construction method used a steel frame instead of the walls to support a structure.
一种新的建筑方法使用钢框架来代替墙来支撑一个结构.
Enormous steel beams were connected together to form a building’s skeleton.
铁梁连接在一起,形成建筑物的骨架。
Then the walls were hung from the beams, much like curtains from a rod, and attached at the bottom to the floor.
后来墙被从梁上吊起,多如从棒上吊起的帘子,并被接入地底.
With this method, the walls of a building’s upper floors were not weighing down on the walls beneath them.
使用这种方法,一栋建筑上层的墙壁没有被压在墙下。
The bulk of their weight was instead distributed along the steel beams holding them up.
他们大部分的重量是沿着坚挺的钢梁分布的。
Steel frame construction made it possible for buildings to reach new heights.
钢架施工使得建筑能够达到新的高度.
By the turn of the twentieth century, New York City housed a number of huge structures dubbed skyscrapers.
到了20世纪之交,纽约市居住了被誉为"摩天大楼"的多所大型建筑.
Soon skyscrapers were going up one after another as builders and architects competed to make the world’s tallest building.
很快,摩天大楼随着建筑师和建筑师的争夺而相继升起,成为了世界上最高的建筑.
The Chrysler Building, an Art Deco style skyscraper, was funded by automobile tycoon Walter Chrysler.
克莱斯勒大厦是一幢艺术德克风格的摩天大楼,由汽车大亨沃尔特·克莱斯勒出资.
Building an Empire By the late 1920s, New York City’s skyline had risen to new heights.
建立一个帝国 到20世纪20年代末,纽约市的天际线已经上升到了新的高度.
It was during this time that two of the city’s most famous landmarks were built.
正是在这一时期,该市最出名的两个地标被建成.
In 1928, the seventy-seven- story Chrysler Building was under construction and locked in a floor-by-floor duel for the title of world’s tallest with another building being erected nearby.
1928年,七七故事克赖斯勒大楼正在建造中,并被锁在一楼一楼的决斗中,作为世界最高建筑的称号,附近还建起一栋建筑.
So fierce was the competition for this title that the Chrysler builder smuggled a tall spire onto the top of his structure.
克莱斯勒建筑师为了争夺这个头衔 将一个高高的花圈 走私到他建筑的顶上
The secret plan worked.
秘密计划成功了
The Chrysler Building became the world’s tallest structure and also the only one taller than 1,000 feet (305 m).
克莱斯勒大楼成为了世界最高的建筑,同时也是唯一高到1000英尺(305米)高的建筑.
But the Chrysler Building’s reign was short-lived.
但克莱斯勒大厦的统治时间很短.
Just blocks away, a steel-framed behemoth was rising.
就隔了几个街区,一个钢制的外壳在上升
The Empire State Building would take the crown for world’s tallest.
帝国大厦将夺去世界最高的王冠。
It would also come to define the city it called home.
它也会来定义它称之为家园的城市.
Workers broke ground on the Empire State Building in January 1930.
1930年1月工人在帝国大厦上出事.
Amazingly, it was completed just 410 days later, thanks to more than 3,000 workers who contributed skills and labor.
令人惊奇的是,由于超过3000名贡献了技能和劳动力的工人,它仅仅在410天后完成.
The 103-story steel and granite building stood over 1,400 feet (427 m) tall.
103层的钢和花岗岩建筑高1400多英尺(427米).
Sixty-four elevators carried people from the ground to the 80th floor in less than one minute.
六十四部电梯在不到一分钟的时间里将人从地上带到了80层.
An outside observation deck on the 86th floor and an inside deck on the 102nd floor provided panoramic views of the city.
86层的外观甲板和102层的内观甲板提供了城市的全景.
The Empire State Building became the symbol of New York City.
帝国大厦成为了纽约市的标志.
It was named one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World and was featured in many books and movies.
它被命名为"现代世界的七大奇迹"之一并被许多书籍和电影所取名.
It wore the crown of world’s tallest building for nearly forty years, until deposed by twin giants rising downtown.
它戴了世界最高建筑的花冠,长达近40年,直到被市中心的双胞胎巨人废黜.
The Port Authority The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey is an organization formed in 1921.
纽约和新泽西港务局是一个成立于1921年的组织.
Its purpose was to develop, modernize, and operate trade and transportation facilities in both New Jersey and New York City.
其目的是发展新泽西和纽约市的贸易和运输设施,并使之现代化并运行。
The Port Authority still owns and manages much of the 16-acre (64,750 sq m) World Trade Center complex.
港务局仍然拥有并管理着大部分16英亩(64,750平方公尺)的世界贸易中心建筑群.
The Empire State Building during construction (above) and completed (below).
帝国大厦建设期间(上)并完工(下).
Four-and-a-half stories were added per week.
每周会增加四个半的故事.
The Port Authority was in charge of building the George Washington Bridge, which connects Manhattan and New Jersey.
港务局负责建造连接曼哈顿和新泽西的乔治·华盛顿大桥.
Twin Giants Rise, Then Fall After the Empire State Building was built, skyscraper construction fell into a slump due to a struggling American economy.
双子巨人崛起后,后在帝国大厦建成后倒塌,摩天大楼的建设由于美国经济的艰难而陷入了萧条.
It was not until 1970 that the city’s skyline would grow even higher.
直到1970年,该市的天际线才会增长得更高.
In the 1960s, city officials considered building a “world trade center”—a hub for international commerce—in Lower Manhattan.
1960年代,城市官员考虑在下曼哈顿建立一个“世界贸易中心”——一个国际商业中心。
The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey was in charge of the project.
纽约和新泽西港务局负责该项目。
Architect Minoru Yamasaki proposed twin towers as part of the multibuilding complex of offices and storefronts.
建筑师山崎实(Minoru Yamasaki)提出双塔为办公楼和店面多建筑建筑群的一部分.
The 110-story towers would include some structural innovations.
110层的塔楼将包括一些结构革新。
One such innovation was the use of tube-frame construction instead of steel frame construction.
其中一项创新是采用管框结构而不是钢框结构。
Each tower would be similar to a hollow square pipe, with vertical columns spaced closely along its exterior perimeter.
每个塔台将类似于空心平面管子,并沿其外周有相近的纵横相间.
Surrounding the edge of the building with main support columns reduced the number of interior supports required.
以主支撑柱包围大楼边缘,减少了所需的内部支撑.
This created much more usable floor space.
这创造了更多可用的地板空间。
Another innovation was the use of sky lobbies.
另一项创新是使用天空游说。
Building height dictates the number of elevators needed to move people and freight.
建筑高度决定了人员迁移和货运所需的电梯数量.
Given the size of the towers, Yamasaki proposed an elevator system modeled after the city’s subway lines.
考虑到塔楼的大小,山崎提出了仿照城市地铁线路的电梯系统.
People could take an express elevator directly to a sky lobby on a higher floor while bypassing the floors beneath it and then transfer to a local elevator that would stop at each of the next ten floors above.
人们可以直接搭乘特快电梯到高楼层的天空大堂,同时绕过楼下地层,然后转乘当地电梯,在上方的下十层每层停车.
This system was an ingenious and efficient way to transport people vertically, reducing the number of elevator shafts needed.
该系统是垂直运送人员的一个巧妙而有效的方法,减少了需要的电梯站。
Who Was Elisha Otis?
伊莉莎·奥蒂斯是谁?
How were people supposed to get to the upper floors of a skyscraper?
人们怎么去摩天大楼的上层?
Climbing hundreds of stairs wasn’t a realistic option—elevators were needed.
爬上数百个楼梯并不是现实的选择,
Early elevators, however, weren’t as safe as they should have been.
早期的电梯并不像他们本该安全。
Thanks to Elisha Otis, this problem was resolved.
多亏了艾莉莎 奥蒂斯 这个问题已经解决了
Otis designed the first safety elevator in 1854.
奥蒂斯于1854年设计了第一台安全电梯.
The elevator’s platform would fall only a few inches if the cable holding it broke.
电梯的站台只有几英寸,
He also designed engines to power the elevator.
他还设计了为电梯提供动力的发动机.
Without a doubt, Otis’s invention was necessary to the development of tall buildings.
毫无疑问,奥蒂斯的发明对于高楼的发展是必要的.
The next time you’re in an elevator, look around.
下次你坐电梯时,
There’s a good chance you’ll see the name “Otis” somewhere inside!
内地可能看到「奥蒂斯」这个名字;
Over 3,500 workers helped build the World Trade Center’s twin towers during their peak of construction.
超过3500名工人在建造高峰期间帮助建造了世界贸易中心的双塔.
Construction of the towers began in 1966.
1966年开始修建塔楼.
The North Tower, which was completed in December 1970, measured 1,727 feet (526 m) tall at the tip of its spire.
1970年12月完工的北塔在其尖端高1,727英尺(526米).
On the top floor, the Windows on the World restaurant offered diners a breathtaking view.
在顶层,世界餐厅的Windows为餐厅提供了令人惊叹的景色.
The South Tower, reaching 1,362 feet (415 m) in height, was finished seven months later.
南塔高至1,362英尺(415米),7个月后完工.
Beneath both buildings was a parking garage, a railroad, and subway stations.
两座建筑下面都是停车场,铁路和地铁站.
The Twin Towers were a striking addition to the city’s skyline.
双塔是该市天际线上令人瞩目的新增.
Located some distance from the city’s other tall skyscrapers, they dwarfed the surrounding buildings.
他们与城市其他高高的摩天大楼相距甚远,
They were the tallest and most prominent structures on Manhattan Island for thirty years.
它们是曼哈顿岛30年来最高最突出的建筑.
Then disaster struck.
然后灾难降临
On the morning of September 11, 2001, hijackers flew two passenger jets into the towers.
2001年9月11日上午,劫机者出动了两架客机入塔.
Within an hour after the attack, the South Tower began to collapse and crumble to the ground.
进攻后一小时内,南塔开始倒塌并倒塌倒地.
The North Tower followed thirty minutes later.
北塔紧随其后30分钟.
New Yorkers watched in stunned disbelief as these enormous structures were reduced to heaps of burning rubble.
纽约人惊呆地看着这些巨大的建筑 变成一团被烧的瓦砾
Nearly three thousand people died as a result of the attack.
近3000人被袭击而死.
A New Tower Rises from the Ashes The World Trade Center tragedy devastated New York and the rest of the country.
世界贸易中心的悲剧摧毁了纽约和全国其他地方。
New Yorkers mourned the loss of their neighbors and their landmark.
纽约人哀悼邻居和地标上的失联.
They vowed to rebuild an even bigger, better World Trade Center site.
他们发誓要重建一个更大的 更好的世界贸易中心
Excavating the ruins of the old towers took time.
挖掘出旧塔的废墟需要时间.
Plans for the site took years to develop.
该地的计划历时数年才制定.
There were many ideas and opinions on what should be done, and many designs were submitted with considerable controversy.
关于应该做什么,有许多想法和意见,许多设计在提交时存在相当大的争议.
Finally, the Port Authority unveiled the design for the new World Trade Center complex.
最后,港务局公布了新的世界贸易中心建筑群的设计。
One area was set aside as a memorial park for those who lost their lives that day.
其中一个地区被划为纪念当天丧生者的纪念公园.
The sites where the original buildings stood are now reflecting pools with cascading waterfalls.
原建筑所站的站点现为有相接瀑布的倒流池.
A memorial museum contains historical artifacts from the old towers.
一座纪念博物馆内有从旧塔出土的历史文物.
On September 11, 2001, terrorists flew two planes into the Twin Towers.
2001年9月11日,恐怖分子飞出两架飞机进入"双塔".
Nearby, a new 104-story tower has been constructed.
附近新建了104层的塔楼.
Nicknamed the Freedom Tower, the structure rises an amazing 1,776 feet (541 m), symbolizing the year of the United States’ independence and making it taller than either of the original towers.
尼克取名"自由塔",该建筑起立了惊人的1,776英尺(541米)高地,象征了美国独立的年份并使得它比原来的任何一座塔都高.
The glass-paneled tower has a twisted octagonal shape with a reflective surface that mirrors the changes in light around it.
玻璃平面塔有扭曲的八角形外形,有反光面,可以反射出周围光线的变化.
At the top is a spire equipped with a light beam that is visible for miles.
顶部是一盏装有光束的花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花.
Several other high-rise buildings are being constructed at the site as well.
另有几所高层建筑也在现场建造。
By the year 2020, the new World Trade Center complex should be complete.
到2020年,新的"世界贸易中心"建筑群应当完成.
New York’s ever-changing skyline will reflect the resilient spirit of a city that continues to adapt and grow.
纽约不断变化的天际线将反映一个继续适应和成长的城市的坚韧精神。
Glossary behemoth (n.)
词汇表(n.)
someone or something with immense size or power (p.
有巨大大小或力量的人(p.
9) complex (n.)
9) 复杂(n.
a group of buildings close to one another used for a common purpose (p.
用于共同目的的一组相近建筑物(p.
11) dwarfed (v.)
11) 矮(v.
caused something to seem smaller or less important (p.
导致一些东西看起来较小或不太重要(p.
13) ingenious (adj.)
13) 有才(adj.
having or demonstrating cleverness, skill, or intricacy (p.
具有或表现出聪明、技能或隐秘性(p.
12) innovations (n.)
12) 创新(n.)
new ideas, products, or ways of doing something (p.
新的思想,产品,或做某事的方法(p.
11) landmarks (n.)
11)地标 (n.
important historical buildings or sites; objects on land that mark a place (p.
重要历史建筑或遗址;地上标有地标的物体(p.
9) panoramic (adj.)
9) 全景 (adj.
having a complete view in every direction (p.
每一个方向都有完整的视图(p.
10) perimeter (n.)
10)周边(n.
the measurement around the outside edge of an area or surface (p.
环绕一个区域或表面的外缘(p.
12) prominent (adj.)
12)出名 (adj.
easily seen, standing out, or important (p.
容易被看到,站出,或重要(p.
13) silhouette (n.)
13）剪影（名词）
a solid, dark shape surrounded by light or set against a light background (p.
一个被光所包围或被放入光背景(p.
4) skeleton (n.)
4)骨架 (n.
a framework that supports a structure, such as a building (p.
一个支持建筑物等结构的框架(p.
8) vertically (adv.)
8)垂直(adv.
in a way that is straight up and down (p.
直上而下(p.
12) One of the two reflecting pools at the World Trade Center Memorial.
12)世界贸易中心纪念馆的两个反射池之一.
Both feature the largest human-made waterfalls in the United States.
两者均是美国最大的人造瀑布.