Bonaparte
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents A Fateful Decision.
内容表A 最终决定。
4 The Rise of Napoleon.
4拿破仑的崛起.
5 Reaching the Top.
页:1 到达顶上.
7 An Expert Administrator.
7 一名专家署长。
8 Europe at War.
8 欧洲在战争。
9 The End of Napoleon.
9 拿破仑之末.
11 Napoleon’s Legacy.
11 拿破仑遗事.
14 Glossary.
14 词汇表。
16 The French Empire at the Height of Its Power in 1812 Paris H ATLANTIC OCEAN NORTH SEA BALTIC SEA MEDITERRANEAN SEA Spain France Russia Portugal United Kingdom Kingdom of Italy Swiss Conf.
16 法兰西帝国在1812年 位于其强国之高的巴黎 H ATLANTIC OCLANTH SEA BALTIC MEDITRANAN EEA 西班牙 法国 葡萄牙 意大利 联合王国 瑞士 Conf.
Conf.
孔会.
of the Rhine Grand Duchy of Warsaw Prussia Kingdom of Norway and Denmark Kingdom of Sweden Austrian Empire Kingdom of Naples Ottoman Empire French Empire French Allies French Enemies Countries Controlled by France A Fateful Decision Napoleon Bonaparte, the ruler of France, felt confident.
由法国统治者拿破仑·波拿巴决定控制
One of the greatest military leaders of all time, he had conquered most of Europe by 1810.
他是有史以来最伟大的军事领袖之一,他已经到1810年征服了欧洲的大部分地区.
Many armies had been sent against him, but he’ d beaten them one after another.
许多军队被派去对付他,但他一次又一次地殴打他们。
He had created an empire in Europe, but that empire would not last.
他在欧洲建立了一个帝国,但那个帝国不会持久。
In 1812, Napoleon decided to invade Russia.
1812年,拿破仑决定入侵俄罗斯.
Russia was trading with Great Britain—France’s main enemy—and it was about to join forces with the British against the French.
俄罗斯正在同大不列颠——法国的主要敌人——进行贸易,它即将同英国联合起来对付法国人。
Napoleon thought he had no choice but to lead his huge army into Russia to prevent that alliance.
拿破仑认为他别无选择,只能带领他庞大的军队进入俄罗斯来阻止这一联盟.
Napoleon had little reason to doubt that he would conquer Russia.
拿破仑几乎没有理由怀疑他会征服俄罗斯.
He was about to make the biggest mistake of his career.
他正要犯职业生涯最大的错误
Napoleon orders French troops to cross the Neman River and invade Russia in 1812.
拿破仑的命令 法国出兵渡过内曼河,于1812年入侵俄国.
The Rise of Napoleon Napoleon was born in 1769 in Corsica, a French island in the Mediterranean Sea.
拿破仑崛起于1769年生于地中海法兰西岛科西嘉.
His family was part of the Italian nobility.
他的家庭是意大利贵族的一部分.
They had remained on Corsica after the French took over the island from the Italian Republic of Genoa the year before.
法国人前一年从意大利热那亚共和国接管了该岛后,他们一直留在科西嘉岛。
Napoleon went to grade school in Corsica and then studied at two military schools in France.
拿破仑就读于科西嘉的小学,后入法国两所军校学习.
He graduated as an army lieutenant in 1785.
1785年他以陆军中尉身份毕业.
In 1789, the people of France rose up in revolution against their king.
1789年,法国人民起而反抗他们的国王.
The French Revolution ended the monarchy that had ruled France for centuries.
法国大革命结束了几个世纪以来统治法国的君主制.
The Revolution was based on a number of ideals, including the brotherhood of all citizens and freedom from unjust treatment by the government.
革命基于许多理想,包括全体公民的兄弟情谊和免受政府不公正待遇的自由.
People thought the Revolution would make France a better country.
人们以为革命将使法国成为一个更好的国家.
Events took a terrible turn early in 1793, however, when the revolutionaries killed King Louis XVI.
然而,1793年初,革命者杀死了路易十六国王,事态发生了可怕的转折.
The king’s death led to a terrible period called the Reign of Terror.
国王之死导致了一个被称作"恐怖之王"的可怕时期.
During that time, Queen Marie Antoinette and many other powerful nobles were also put to death.
在此期间,女王玛丽·安托瓦内特和许多其他有势力的贵族也被处死.
So many people in the government were killed that it led to a lack of strong leadership in France.
如此多的政府人员被杀死,导致法国缺乏强有力的领导.
This situation created an opportunity for a man of ability to take control, and Napoleon began to do just that.
这种情况为有能力的人创造了一个掌握控制权的机会,拿破仑也开始这样做了.
In 1793, Napoleon was sent to fight British forces at the city of Toulon in southern France.
1793年,拿破仑被派往法国南部城市图伦与英国军队作战.
Great Britain and other European nations wanted to end the Revolution and bring back the French monarchy.
大不列颠和其他欧洲国家想结束革命,使法国君主制复辟.
They were afraid the ideas of the Revolution would spread, threatening their own kingdoms.
他们害怕革命思想会传播,威胁自己的王国.
Napoleon drove the British out of Toulon.
拿破仑将英国人赶出了图伦.
Because of that victory, he became a general at the age of twenty-four.
由于这一胜利,他于二十四岁出任将领.
Some people within France also wanted to bring back the monarchy.
法国境内的一些人也想使君主制复辟.
When they led an uprising in Paris in 1795, Napoleon was called in to put it down.
当他们于1795年在巴黎领导了一场起义时,拿破仑被召去放下.
After crushing the rebellion, he was made the head of France’s army.
在粉碎了叛乱后被封为法国军队首脑.
In 1796, Napoleon married Joséphine de Beauharnais (BOH-ar-nay), a widow with two children.
1796年,拿破仑与有2个孩子的寡妇何塞·芬·德·博哈奈斯(BOH-ar-nay)结婚.
Her first husband was a general who had been killed during the Reign of Terror.
她的第一任丈夫是一名将军,在恐怖王朝中被杀死.
Napoleon was becoming known throughout France as a skilled military commander.
拿破仑在法国各地逐渐以熟练的军事指挥官而出名.
He would soon be ready to take command of the entire nation.
他很快会准备好指挥整个国家。
Napoleon leads his troops on a campaign in the Piedmont region of northern Italy.
拿破仑带领他的军队在意大利北部的皮埃蒙特地区进行一场战役.
Reaching the Top Napoleon continued to win many battles.
到达顶级拿破仑继续赢得了多场战役.
In 1796, he was given command of French forces in Italy and ordered to drive Austrian and Italian armies out of the country.
1796年被授予法军在意大利的指挥权并被命令将奥地利和意大利军队驱出该国.
Napoleon won a series of battles and claimed Italy for France.
拿破仑赢得了一连串的战役并宣称意大利为法国.
He returned to France a hero.
他回到了法国 一个英雄。
Two years later, in 1798, Napoleon led a small army into Egypt to stop British trade with the Middle East.
两年后,1798年,拿破仑率领一支小军队入埃及,以阻止英国与中东的贸易.
He won several battles in Egypt.
他在埃及赢得了多场战役.
But then, ships of the British navy defeated a French fleet in the Battle of the Nile.
但随后,英国海军的舰只在尼罗河战役中击败了一支法国舰队.
That loss put on hold Napoleon’s plans to send his army across the channel into England.
这一损失阻止了拿破仑计划派军队穿过海峡进入英国。
By this time, Napoleon was becoming the unchallenged ruler of France.
此时拿破仑正逐渐成为法国的无所挑战的统治者.
In 1799, he became first consul of the republic, with the powers of a dictator.
1799年他出任共和国第一任领事,拥有独裁者的权力.
And in 1804, he crowned himself emperor.
而1804年他加冕为皇帝.
France, which had so recently gone through a painful revolution to rid itself of kings, was now to be ruled by an emperor.
法国最近经历了一场痛苦的革命,摆脱了国王,现在将由一位皇帝统治。
Napoleon wears the crown and robes of an emperor at his coronation ceremony in Paris in 1804.
拿破仑于1804年在巴黎的加冕仪式上穿戴了一位皇帝的皇冠和长袍.
An Expert Administrator Napoleon was just as good at running the country as he was at winning battles.
一名专家署长 拿破仑同样擅长管理国家,就像他赢得了战斗一样.
He made the government more efficient and created a national bank.
他使政府更有效率并创建了国家银行.
He also worked to fix problems with France’s economy, courts, and system of higher education.
他还致力于解决法国经济、法院和高等教育系统的问题。
Historians consider Napoleon’s greatest achievement within France to be the Napoleonic Code.
历史学家认为拿破仑在法国最大的成就是拿破仑法典.
The code allowed complete freedom of religion, made it illegal for government officials to give favors to members of rich and powerful families, and required that government jobs be awarded strictly on merit.
这部法典允许完全的宗教自由,规定政府官员对富人和有势力的家庭成员施以恩惠是非法的,并要求政府职位的授予必须严格依据功绩.
The code replaced a confusing jumble of laws and other rules made by various kings over many centuries.
这部法典取代了几个世纪以来各种国王制定的一系列令人困惑的法律和其他规则。
Napoleon ended the old system of tax collection, which used private collectors.
拿破仑结束了使用私人收藏家的旧的收税制度.
Those collectors kept much of the tax money they gathered.
那些收藏家保存着他们收集的大部分税收.
Napoleon hired new tax collectors who were paid a salary.
拿破仑雇佣了新的收税者,他们领了薪水.
To make sure that tax money was being used properly, Napoleon kept a close watch on the government’s spending each year.
为了保证税收被正确使用,拿破仑对政府每年的支出保持了密切的监视.
As a result of his changes, France had more than enough money to keep the government running.
由于他的变化,法国拥有了足够多的资金来维持政府的运作.
Napoleon writes a letter in the Tuileries Palace in 1815.
拿破仑于1815年在图伊莱里宫写了一封信.
Europe at War Napoleon wanted to build an empire in Europe under his rule.
战争时期的欧洲拿破仑想在他的统治下在欧洲建立一个帝国.
But the nations of Europe wanted no part of French domination, and they opposed Napoleon with all their might.
但是,欧洲各国并不想要法国的统治,他们以一切力量反对拿破仑.
Over a period of twelve years, from 1803 to 1815, the Napoleonic Wars raged across Europe.
在从1803年到1815年的十二年间,拿破仑战争横行欧洲.
Napoleon enlisted huge numbers of soldiers—including many from conquered nations—and devoted France’s resources to waging war.
拿破仑征召了大批士兵——包括许多来自被征服的国家的士兵——并将法国的资源用于发动战争。
His army, called the Great Army, eventually totaled about 680,000 men.
他的军队被称作"大军",最终共约68万人.
Napoleon reigned supreme on the European mainland, but at sea his hopes were thwarted by Great Britain’s seafaring “Napoleon”: Admiral Horatio (huh-RAY-shee-oh) Nelson.
拿破仑在欧洲大陆占据了最高地位,但在海上,他的希望被大不列颠的航海"拿破仑"所挫败:上将霍拉肖(Huh-RAY-shie-oh)尼尔森(Nelson).
Nelson was the British commander at the Battle of the Nile and at an even more important naval encounter in 1805.
纳尔逊在"尼罗河战役"和1805年更重要的海上相会中担任了英国指挥官.
In October of that year, his brilliant tactics crushed a French-Spanish fleet—Spain was an ally of France at that time—in the Battle of Trafalgar off the southwest coast of Spain.
当年10月,他的辉煌战术击溃了一支法国-西班牙分舰队——. 当时西班牙是法国的盟友——西班牙西南海岸外的特拉法尔加尔战役.
This great victory ended for good Napoleon’s hopes of ever invading England.
这场伟大的胜利为拿破仑永远入侵英格兰的希望而结束.
Napoleon’s Nemesis: Admiral Horatio Nelson Admiral Horatio Nelson France’s enemies formed a series of alliances aimed at ending Napoleon’s ambitions.
拿破仑的"内梅西斯":海军上将霍拉蒂奥·纳尔逊·上将霍拉蒂奥·纳尔逊·法兰西的敌人组成了一系列旨在终结拿破仑野心的联盟.
But he defeated them one after another, and his empire grew.
但是他逐一打败了他们,他的帝国也逐渐壮大.
As he conquered nations, he installed friends and relatives as their new rulers in order to turn them into allies.
当他征服了国家时,他安置了朋友和亲戚作为他们的新统治者,以把他们变成盟友.
Napoleon tried to cut off the money that constantly flowed over the sea to British merchants.
拿破仑想切断不断流出海去给英国商人的钱.
He forbade the nations of Continental Europe to trade with the British.
他禁止欧洲大陆各国与英国人贸易.
French ships blockaded ports all across Europe to enforce the ban.
法国船只封锁了整个欧洲的港口以执行禁令.
Napoleon achieved one of his greatest victories in December 1805 at the Battle of Austerlitz (AW- stur-lits) in an area that is now part of the Czech (CHEK) Republic.
拿破仑在1805年12月奥斯特利茨战役(英语:AW-stur-lits)中取得了他最伟大的胜利之一,这个地区现在是捷克(CHEK)共和国的一部分.
With sixty-eight thousand troops, he defeated a force of ninety thousand Russians and Austrians.
以出兵六万八千人相继击败了九万俄军和奥军.
In 1810, the French empire reached its height with the addition of Holland and parts of what is now Germany.
1810年,法兰西帝国以增加荷兰和现在德国的一部分而达到鼎盛.
Napoleon was concerned that he had no heir, so he divorced Joséphine and in 1810 married the eighteen-year-old Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria.
拿破仑担心自己没有继承人,于是与何塞·芬(Joséphine)离婚,于1810年与18岁的奥地利的Archduches Marie Louise结婚.
In 1811, she gave birth to a son, who was also given the name Napoleon.
1811年她生下了一个儿子,他也被赐名拿破仑.
Despite the marriage, Austria refused to become an ally of France.
尽管结婚,奥地利仍拒绝成为法国的盟友.
The End of Napoleon In 1812, Napoleon made the greatest military blunder of his career when he invaded Russia.
1812年拿破仑灭亡后,拿破仑在入侵俄国时,制造了职业生涯中最伟大的军事失误.
Russia had repeatedly broken Napoleon’s trade ban with Great Britain, and Russia’s Czar (ZAR) Alexander I was about to join forces with Britain.
俄国屡次违反拿破仑与英国的贸易禁令, 亚历山大一世正准备同英国联手.
Napoleon decided he had to act.
拿破仑决定他必须行动.
In June 1812, he led an army of more than six hundred thousand men into Russia.
1812年6月,他率领一支由60多万人组成的军队入俄.
Napoleon hoped to achieve a quick victory, but the Russian forces refused to stand and fight in a large battle.
拿破仑希望能迅速取得胜利,但俄军拒绝站立并参加一场大战.
Instead, they withdrew before the French advance, burning crops behind them so the French soldiers would not be able to gather any food or supplies from the land.
相反地,他们在法国前行军前撤退了,在后行军后烧毁了庄稼,使法国士兵无法从地上收集到任何食物或补给.
Finally, on September 7, the Russian army fought the French near the town of Borodino (bor-uh-DEE-noh).
最后,9月7日,俄罗斯军队在博罗地诺镇(bor-uh-DEE-noh)附近与法国人交战.
The losses were terrible: the Russians suffered about forty-five thousand casualties and the French thirty thousand.
损失惨重:俄军伤亡约四万五千人,法军三万人.
A seated Napoleon directs the Battle of Borodino against Russian forces on September 7, 1812.
1812年9月7日,坐着的拿破仑指挥了波罗地诺战役来对抗俄军.
Napoleon pursued the Russian army deeper into the country, his army getting smaller and weaker from lack of supplies.
拿破仑更深入地追击俄国军队进入了这个国家,他的军队由于缺少补给而越来越弱小.
He reached Moscow in mid-September but found it almost deserted.
他在9月中旬到达了莫斯科,但发现这里几乎无人居住.
Much of the city was soon in flames from fires set by the Russians.
这座城市的大部分地区很快被俄国人所放出的大火所燃起.
To make matters worse, Alexander ignored his presence in Moscow, refusing to fight in the decisive battle Napoleon craved.
更糟糕的是,亚历山大无视自己在莫斯科的存在,拒绝参加拿破仑撕裂的决定性战役.
In mid- October, with little to eat and winter approaching, Napoleon had no choice but to head homeward.
10月中旬,吃得很少,冬天也临近了,拿破仑别无选择,只能回家去.
Russian forces constantly harassed the French army as it withdrew.
俄军在法国军队撤退时不断骚扰.
Only about ten thousand able-bodied soldiers made it back to France.
只有大约一万个能干的士兵回到了法国.
The disaster in Russia marked the beginning of the end for Napoleon.
俄罗斯的灾难标志着拿破仑结束的开始.
An alliance of nations surrounded Paris in 1814 and forced him to give up his throne.
1814年一个民族联盟包围了巴黎并迫使他放弃了王位.
Napoleon was exiled to the Italian island of Elba.
拿破仑被放逐到意大利的埃尔巴岛.
However, he escaped in early 1815 and raised a new army.
然而,他于1815年初出逃并组建了一支新的军队.
Napoleon leads cold and hungry French forces in their retreat from Moscow.
拿破仑率领寒冷而饥饿的法军从莫斯科撤退.
Napoleon met his final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in Belgium on June 18 against a mixed force of Austrians, British, Prussians, and Russians.
拿破仑于6月18日在比利时滑铁卢战役中遭遇到他最后的失败,对手是奥地利人,英国人,普鲁士人和俄罗斯人等混合部队.
With this defeat, the Napoleonic Wars finally came to a close.
随着这场战败,拿破仑战争终于结束了.
France’s monarchy was then restored for a time, though it would later be replaced with a more representative form of government.
之后法国的君主制得到了一段时间的恢复,虽然后来会被更有代表性的政府形式所取代.
Napoleon was exiled to the remote British island of St.
拿破仑被放逐到偏远的英国圣岛.
Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean.
位于南大西洋的海伦娜.
He lived the rest of his life there and died in 1821.
他在那里度过了余生,于1821年去世.
His body was later returned to France and buried in Paris.
他的遗体后来被送回法国并被埋葬在巴黎.
Napoleon retreats from the field of battle after his loss at Waterloo.
拿破仑在滑铁卢战败后从战场上撤退.
He stepped down as emperor of France four days later, ending twenty years of war in Europe.
四天后他辞去法国皇帝之职,结束了二十年的欧洲战争.
Napoleon’s Legacy Napoleon had a major influence on the later history of Europe.
拿破仑的"拿破仑遗事"对后来的欧洲历史产生了重大影响.
The ideas of his civil code spread to many other nations, which based their legal systems on them.
他的"民法典"的思想传播到许多其他国家,这些国家以它们为法律制度的基础.
The code led to the modern era of European politics.
该法典导致了欧洲政治的现代时代.
Napoleon’s legacy also included a new style of warfare where all parts of a nation devote themselves to supporting a war effort.
拿破仑的遗产还包括一种新的战争风格,一个民族的所有地区都致力于支持战争努力.
His battle tactics and campaign strategies have since been studied at military schools around the world.
他的战斗战术和战役策略此后被世界各地的军校所研究.
His willingness to sacrifice lives and resources in pursuit of his ambition left France in shambles and a trail of destruction across much of Europe.
他愿意牺牲生命和资源来追求他的雄心壮志使法国陷入了混乱和整个欧洲大部分地区的毁灭。
Britain’s Duke of Wellington, who led the allied forces at Waterloo, was asked who he thought was the greatest general of all time.
英国威灵顿公爵在滑铁卢领导盟军,被问到他认为谁是有史以来最伟大的将军.
He answered, “In this age, in past ages, in any age— Napoleon!”
他回答说:"在这个时代,在过去的岁月里,在任何一个时代——拿破仑!"
The French Civil Code influenced legal systems around the world.
法国公民 守则影响了世界各地的法律制度。
The Life of Napoleon 1769: Born in Corsica 1785: Graduates from military school with rank of second lieutenant 1793: Quells an internal French revolt and is elevated to rank of brigadier general 1796: Marries Joséphine de Beauharnais 1805: Defeats Russian and Austrian forces at the Battle of Austerlitz 1810: Divorces Joséphine and marries Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria 1812: Invades Russia and suffers a terrible defeat 1814: Abdicates as emperor and is exiled to the island of Elba 1821: Dies on St.
拿破仑生平 1769年:生于科西嘉. 1785年:从军校毕业,军衔为第二中尉. 1793年: 1796年法国国内叛乱爆发,被提升为准将: 马瑞斯·若泽芬·德·博哈奈斯 (Marries Joséphine de Beauharnais 1805):在1810年奥斯特利茨战役中被俄军和奥地利军队击败:与若泽芬离婚并和奥地利的阿奇多谢斯·玛丽·路易丝结婚 1812年: 1814年入侵俄国并遭受惨败: 臣服为皇帝并被放逐到厄尔巴1821年:死在圣德.
Helena; his body is later returned to France 1804: Crowns himself emperor of France 1815: Exiled to the remote island of St.
Helena;他的尸体后来被送回法国1804年: 皇室本人为1815年法国皇帝:被流放到偏远的圣克岛.
Helena 1815: Escapes from Elba and raises an army; is defeated at the Battle of Waterloo Glossary alliance (n.)
Helena 1815年:从埃尔巴逃出并起兵;被击败于滑铁卢战役词汇联盟 (n.
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Revolution in 1917 (p.
1917年革命 (p.
11) emperor (n.)
11) 皇帝(不详)
a man who rules an empire (p.
统治帝国的人(p.
7) empire (n.)
7) 帝国 (n.
a collection of nations or people ruled by one person or government (p.
由一人或政府统治的国家或人民汇编(p.
4) exiled (v.)
4)被放逐(五.
forced to leave his or her country of origin, often as punishment or for political reasons (p.
被迫离开原籍国,往往作为惩罚或出于政治原因(p.
12) ideals (n.)
12)理想 (n.
guiding principles; standards of perfection (p.
指导原则; 完善标准(p.
5) merit (n.)
5)功绩(n.
a good quality or feature that deserves praise or reward (p.
质量或特征良好,值得称赞或奖励(p.
8) monarchy (n.)
8) 君主制 (n.
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