Lacrosse

美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习

Table of Contents Why Is Lacrosse Spectacular?

内容列表 为什么曲棍球的外观?.

4 Where Did Lacrosse Begin?

4 曲棍球从哪里开始?

5 A Sport for Everyone.

5 人人运动。

8 Basic Rules of Play.

8 游戏基本规则。

10 Lacrosse Heroes.

10个曲棍球英雄.

13 A Traditional Game for the Future.

13 未来传统游戏。

15 Glossary.

15 词汇。

16 A Cornell University player runs with the ball in a lacrosse match against Syracuse University.

16名康奈尔大学球员在对阵雪城大学的曲棍球比赛中随球出道.

Why Is Lacrosse Spectacular?

为什么曲棍球长相?

The thrilling game of lacrosse comes from one of the oldest competitive field sports in the world.

令人兴奋的曲棍球比赛来自世界上最古老的竞技田径运动之一.

Europeans arriving in North America adapted lacrosse from a game that First Nations (Native) people played in various forms for centuries.

来到北美的欧洲人根据原住民(原住民)几个世纪以来以各种形式玩的一款游戏改编了曲棍球.

Lacrosse is the fastest field game there is and one of the most challenging and exciting to play and watch.

曲棍球是那里最快的场上游戏,也是游戏和观看最有挑战性和最激动人心的游戏之一.

The sport has much in common with three extremely popular sports—soccer, hockey, and basketball—yet for various reasons, for much of the twentieth century only a relatively small number of athletes in a few regions played lacrosse.

由于各种原因,这项运动与三个极为受欢迎的运动——足球、曲棍球和篮球——有许多共同点,在20世纪的大部分时间里,只有少数地区的运动员参加了曲棍球比赛。

However, the sport’s popularity is booming, and lacrosse is entering the mainstream of sports today—especially as a youth sport.

然而,体育运动的受欢迎程度正在高涨,而曲棍球正在进入当今体育运动的主流,尤其是作为一种青年运动。

Early lacrosse competitions were huge and could last up to three days.

早期曲棍球比赛规模巨大,比赛时间可长达三天.

Where Did Lacrosse Begin?

曲棍球从哪里开始?

Experts think lacrosse developed among the Algonquin tribes in the St.

专家认为曲棍球在圣阿勒贡昆部落中发展而来.

Lawrence River valley, in present-day Canada and New York.

劳伦斯·里弗河谷,位于现今的加拿大和纽约.

In time, the game spread far to the west and south.

在时间上,游戏广泛向西和向南传播.

Different tribes called the game different names, but the Algonquin name for lacrosse is baggataway.

不同的部落称游戏名称不同,但"曲棍球"的"阿尔贡昆"(Algonquin)名称是"baggataway".

The original form of the game was very different from the version of lacrosse that is played today.

游戏的原始形式与今天所演奏的"曲棍球"版本大相径庭.

The field of play could cover miles, and each side would rarely have fewer than one hundred players—sometimes as many as one thousand.

球场可以覆盖英里,每一边球员很少会少于一百名球员——有时多达一千名.

Still, most tribes used curved sticks that were 3 to 4 feet (0.

尽管如此,大多数部落仍使用3至4英尺(0.

2 m) long, with a net attached to pass, carry, and shoot a ball made of stuffed deerskin.

2米)长相,有网接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接接

First Nations people considered lacrosse a sacred rite watched over by the gods, and many tribes called it the Creator’s game.

原住民认为曲棍球是被众神所守护的神圣仪式,许多部落称之为造物主的游戏.

They used the game to toughen and strengthen young men, to settle major tribal disputes and conflicts, and to reinforce tribal fellowships.

他们利用游戏来强化和壮大年轻人,解决重大的部落纠纷和冲突,并强化部落研究金.

In 1834, a local tribe played a demonstration match for a predominantly white Canadian audience at a racecourse in Montreal, Quebec.

1834年,当地一部落在魁北克省蒙特利尔一赛道上为以白人为主的加拿大观众出演了一场示范赛.

The game took hold in the region, and before long there were many white and First Nations lacrosse clubs in Canada.

这场比赛在这一地区占据了上风,而不久之前加拿大就有许多白人和原住民曲棍球会.

In 1860, a Montreal dentist named George Beers codified, or wrote a rulebook for, the game.

1860年,一位名叫乔治·比尔斯(George Beers)的蒙特利尔牙医编纂了该游戏,或为其写了一本规则书.

Because his rules are the foundation of the rules used today, Beers is called the “father of modern lacrosse.”

由于他的规则是今天使用的规则的基础,啤酒被称作"现代曲棍球之父". “

Beers addressed the size of the stick, ball, and goal, as well as the number of players and the dimensions of the playing field.

啤酒涉及了棍子的大小,球和入球,以及球员的数量和比赛场地的维度.

A sketch by artist H.

艺术家H的素描.

W.

维.

Hall shows First Nations and other players in a well-attended lacrosse game in Canada.

Hall)在加拿大的一款备受关注的曲棍球游戏中展示了原住民和其他玩家.

The game took off in the United States in the 1870s.

游戏于1870年代在美国起跑.

Lacrosse clubs sprang up in New York City, Baltimore, Boston, Philadelphia, and Newport, Rhode Island.

曲棍球俱乐部兴起于纽约市,巴尔的摩,波士顿,费城,和罗德岛纽波特.

Male students played lacrosse in private schools and elite colleges throughout the Northeast, and Rosabelle Sinclair, a member of the first international Scottish team, introduced women’s lacrosse at Bryn Mawr School in Baltimore.

男性学生在全东北的私立学校和精英学院出演曲棍球,首个苏格兰国际队成员罗莎贝尔·辛克莱(Rosabelle Sinclair)在巴尔的摩的布林·莫尔学校引入了女子曲棍球.

Only teams at these schools played the game.

只有这些学校的队伍参加了比赛.

For this reason, people considered lacrosse a gentleman’s sport—one that was played for the sake of the game, and not for paying audiences, much less advertisers.

因此,人们认为曲棍球是绅士运动,这种运动是为了游戏而演奏的,而不是为了给观众付费,更不是广告商。

As a result, many talented athletes who might have helped the sport grow had no interest in it.

因此,许多本可以帮助体育成长的有才华的运动员对此没有兴趣.

Instead, they gravitated toward sports where they might find fame and fortune.

相反,他们向体育运动倾斜,在那里他们可能找到名声和财富。

Another reason lacrosse stalled in the United States was a lack of equipment, including sticks, or crosses.

曲棍球在美国停滞的另一个原因是缺乏设备,包括棍子,或十字架.

Until the 1970s, only certain Mohawk craftsmen in Ontario, Canada made crosses.

直到20世纪70年代,加拿大安大略省只有某些莫霍克工匠做十字架.

The sport was unpopular in the United States, so there was little demand for sporting-goods manufacturers to mass-produce sticks the way they did baseball gloves and basketballs.

该运动在美国不受欢迎,因此对体育用品制造商的需求很少,要求大众生产像他们做棒球手套和篮球那样用棍棒.

When cheaper sticks made of lightweight metal hit the market in the 1970s, lacrosse began to really take off in the United States.

当1970年代用轻量级金属制成的更便宜的棒子冲击市场时,曲棍球在美国开始真正起飞.

Lacrosse has been included in the Summer Olympics twice, in 1904 and 1908.

曲棍球已两次入围夏季奥运会,分别是1904年和1908年.

This photo shows the Canadian winners in 1908.

这张照片显示了1908年的加拿大获奖者.

A Sport for Everyone Today, men, women, boys, and girls all over the world enjoy lacrosse.

全世界男人、女人、男孩和女孩享受“今日人人运动”。

In iceless hockey rinks, some teams play an indoor version of the game called box lacrosse.

在无冰冰球圈中,有的球队会打室内版本的游戏,取名"盒子曲棍球".

Teams typically play traditional outdoor lacrosse tournaments in football stadiums.

球队一般在足球场进行传统的户外曲棍球锦标赛.

There are many different levels of lacrosse.

曲棍球有很多不同的级别.

The Federation of International Lacrosse includes nations from across the globe and holds men’s and women’s World Championship tournaments every four years.

国际曲棍球联合会包括世界各国,每四年举行一次男子和女子世界锦标赛。

In North America, there are two professional-level leagues.

北美有两所职业级联赛.

Major League Lacrosse represents outdoor lacrosse, consisting of eight teams, and the National Lacrosse League represents the indoor, box lacrosse league, consisting of nine teams.

主力联赛曲棍球代表户外曲棍球,由8支球队组成;而国家曲棍球联盟则代表室内,盒式曲棍球联赛,由9支球队组成.

Men’s and women’s teams play lacrosse competitively in colleges throughout the United States and Canada.

在美国和加拿大的大学里,男女球队竞相打曲棍球。

Although lacrosse has long been hugely popular and competitive in northeastern colleges, interest in it is rapidly spreading, and it is now a significant college sport.

虽然曲棍球长期以来在东北高校中非常受欢迎并具有竞争力,但对曲棍球的兴趣正在迅速扩散,现在它已成为重要的高校运动.

Global Lacrosse Members of the Federation of International Lacrosse ASIA AFRICA NORTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA EUROPE AUSTRALIA In the United States, lacrosse is growing most rapidly at the youth level, as well as in high schools.

亚欧南北美洲国际十字联盟成员 在美国,曲棍球在青年以及高中的成长最快.

As the game is embraced by youth across the country, its popularity at the college and professional levels will certainly increase.

随着游戏在全国被青年所接受,它在学院和专业层面的受欢迎程度肯定会增加.

Outside North America, there have always been small groups of dedicated lacrosse enthusiasts in Australia and England.

在北美以外,澳大利亚和英国一直有一小群专注曲棍球的爱好者.

Northern England, especially the area around the large city of Manchester, has produced some of the finest lacrosse players ever.

英格兰北部,尤其是曼彻斯特大城市周边地区,产生了一些有史以来最优秀的曲棍球运动员.

Over the last thirty years, lacrosse has been growing in popularity throughout Europe and East Asia and all over the globe.

过去30年中,曲棍球在欧洲和东亚乃至全球的受欢迎程度不断提高。

Lacrosse may one day become the next huge international sport.

曲棍球可能会成为下一个巨大的国际运动.

Equator Lacrosse Equipment Women wear less protective gear because their game allows less physical contact.

赤道"曲棍球装备"女性穿的防护用具较少,因为她们的游戏允许的物理接触较少.

Goalkeepers often wear throat protectors and more chest protection.

守门员经常会穿戴喉罩和更多的胸罩.

Men’s Women’s eye mask Basic Rules of Play Lacrosse shares many aspects with soccer, hockey, and basketball, but lacrosse is definitely unique.

男子眼罩(Men's Women's eyes magazine of Play Lacrosse)基本规则与足球、冰球和篮球有着许多共同之处,

The most distinctive feature of lacrosse is the crosse itself—the stick every player uses to cradle, catch, pass, and shoot the lacrosse ball.

曲棍球最显著的特点是十字架本身——每个选手用来摇篮,接球,通过并射入曲棍球的棍子.

Cradling is the back-and-forth motion of a crosse head that keeps the ball in place while a player runs.

摇篮(Cradling)是十字花头的后向和后向运动,使球在玩家跑步时保持原地.

No one but the goalie may touch the ball with his or her hands (in that way, the rules are the same as those for soccer).

只有守门员才能用手触球(这样,规则与足球规则相同).

Men’s Lacrosse Field A D A D M M A D G attacker A midfielder M defender D goalkeeper G M D A D M M M A D AG wing area wing area midfield line sideline sideline attack/ defensive area attack/ defensive area crease goal The shaft of a crosse is between 2 and 5 feet (0.

男子曲棍球场 A D A D M A D G 攻击者 中场防守者 M 防守者 D 守门员 G M D A M A GA 翼翼区 中场线侧线攻击/防御区攻击/防御区折射目标 十字架的轴距为2至5英尺(0.

5 m) long, and at the top is a triangular head that is fitted with a net.

5米)长,上部为三角头,并配有网.

The goalkeeper’s crosse head is larger.

守门员的十字头较大.

The goal is 6 feet (1.

入球为6英尺(1分).

8 m) high and 6 feet across.

8米高,6英尺高。

The ball is rubber and about 8 inches (20 cm) in circumference.

球为橡胶,周长约8英寸(20厘米).

In men’s lacrosse, the field is 110 yards (101 m) long and 60 yards (55 m) wide.

在男子曲棍球上,球场有110码(101米)长和60码(55米)宽.

There is a midfield line, marked with an X at the center, where two opposing players face off at the start of every period.

有一条中场线,以X为中心标出,其中两个对立的玩家在每一期开始时会面对.

At the blow of a whistle, they each try to get control of the ball.

在吹口哨时,他们各自试图控制球.

Each team has ten players: three attackers who stay on the opposing team’s half of the field, three defenders who stay on their side of the field, three midfielders who cover the entire field, and a goalkeeper.

每支球队有10名球员:3名攻击者留在对手球队的半场上;3名捍卫者留在球场一侧;3名中场球员覆盖整个球场;1名守门员.

Women’s lacrosse fields have fewer markings.

女子曲棍球场的标志较少.

There are ten players on men’s teams and twelve on women’s.

男子队有10名选手,女子队有12名选手。

The object of the game is to score the most goals by hurling or bouncing the ball into the opponent’s net.

比赛的目标是通过将球投入或弹入对手的网来打出最多的入球.

After the face-off, the player with the ball runs toward the other team’s end of the field.

比赛结束后,带球的球员跑向对方球队的球场末端.

That player can try to get the ball into the goal or pass the ball to an attacker on his or her team who is in good position to score.

该球员可以尝试将入球传入入入球,也可以将入球传给其球队中处于好得分位置的进攻者.

The defensive players on the other team try to defend their goal and get the ball away from the attacking team.

另一支球队的防守球员试图防守自己的入球并让球远离进攻的球队.

To get the ball, defensive players can poke the ball carrier with their sticks or slap at his or her stick to make the ball fly out of the carrier’s crosse.

为了得到球,防守球员可以用棍子戳出球载体,或用一巴掌打出球去使球从航母的十字架上飞出.

There are no tie games in lacrosse; sudden- death overtime settles a tied match.

曲棍球没有领带比赛;突然死亡加班解决了捆绑比赛.

The playing time is one hour.

比赛时间为一小时.

Men’s lacrosse is separated into four fifteen-minute quarters; women’s lacrosse is separated into two halves.

男子曲棍球分为四个15分之四;女子曲棍球分为两个半个.

Other differences between men’s and women’s lacrosse are the zoning of the field and the number of players— in women’s lacrosse there are twelve players on the field for each side instead of ten.

男女曲棍球员之间的其他区别是球场分区和球员人数 -- -- 在女子曲棍球比赛中,每边有12名球员,而不是10名。

Women’s lacrosse also allows much less physical contact than the men’s game.

女性的曲棍球也比男性的游戏少得多的身体接触.

What all kinds of lacrosse share is speed, speed, speed!

各种曲棍球分享的是速度,速度,速度!

The running, maneuvering, and complex teamwork of the players is breathtaking to behold, and shots on goal can easily exceed 100 miles (161 km) per hour.

球员们的跑步、操控和复杂的团队合作令人惊叹,射入球时速可以轻易地超过100英里(161公里).

Lacrosse Heroes Legendary goalkeeper Oren R.

传奇守门员 奥伦·R.

Lyons grew up on the Onondaga Reservation and went on to do important work off the lacrosse field.

里昂斯从小在奥农达加保留地上长大,并开始在曲棍球场上做重要工作.

Oren played for Syracuse University and was named All-American athlete there in 1957.

奥伦为锡拉丘兹大学出场,1957年被命名为那里的全美运动员.

It was after his sporting career, though, that he began his most important work.

不过,正是在他的体育生涯之后,他开始了他最重要的工作.

Today, he is a spiritual leader called a Faithkeeper of the Onondaga, one of the six nations of the Iroquois Confederacy.

今天,他是一个精神领袖,被称作"奥农达加人的守信人",是易洛魁邦联的六国之一.

His humanitarian efforts have helped indigenous people around the world.

他的人道主义努力帮助了世界各地的土著人民。

Considered one of football’s all-time great players, Jim Brown was inducted into the pro football Hall of Fame in 1971.

作为足球史上最伟大的球员之一,吉姆·布朗于1971年被引入职业足球名人堂.

Jim’s first love, however, was lacrosse, and many consider him America’s greatest-ever player of the sport.

但吉姆的初恋是曲棍球,许多人认为他是美国体育史上最伟大的球员。

Raised in Manhasset, New York, on Long Island (an area with a longtime lacrosse culture), Jim excelled in the sport at Syracuse University and always saw the game as the ultimate outlet for his athleticism.

在美国曼哈塞特长岛(一个有着长期曲棍球文化的地区)长大,吉姆在锡拉丘兹大学的体育运动中表现优异,并始终将比赛视为他运动的终极出路.

Oren Lyons Jim Brown Like Jim Brown and Oren Lyons Jr.

奥伦·里昂斯·吉姆·布朗像吉姆·布朗和小奥伦·里昂斯.

, Gary Gait played for Syracuse University.

加里・盖特为雪城大学演奏

Gary, along with his twin brother, Paul, broke almost every collegiate record there was to break.

盖瑞和他的双胞胎兄弟保罗一起 打破了几乎所有要打破的社团记录

The two forever changed lacrosse play in terms of speed and trick ball handling.

两人在速度和花招球接力方面永远地改变了曲棍球打法.

Gary went on to a successful career in both the National Lacrosse League and Major League Lacrosse, and he remains Syracuse’s all-time leading goal scorer.

加里在国家曲棍球联盟和大联盟曲棍球联盟都取得了成功生涯,他仍然是锡拉库斯的全能主打入球.

He currently coaches the women’s lacrosse team there.

他目前担任该地女子曲棍球队教练.

Jen Adams is the head coach of the women’s team at Loyola University in Maryland.

Jen Adams是马里兰州洛约拉大学女子队的主教练.

Before that, this young Australian came to America and shattered many records in women’s lacrosse.

在此之前,这位年轻的澳大利亚人来到了美国,并粉碎了女性曲棍球上的许多记录.

She is famous for her speed and agility on the field, and for her great team play and sportsmanship.

她以在球场上的速度和敏捷性而出名,还以出色的球队出场和运动技巧而出名.

Jen scored a record 445 goal points playing for the University of Maryland Terrapins, and in 2009, she played for the Australian team at the Women’s Lacrosse World Cup.

珍为马里兰大学Terropins打入了创纪录的445分入球,2009年她为澳大利亚队出战了女子曲棍球世界杯.

High school teams compete in a match in the Oregon High School Lacrosse Association.

高中队在俄勒冈州高中曲棍球协会的一场比赛中进行比赛.

The sport is more popular now than ever.

运动现在比以往任何时候都更受欢迎.

A Traditional Game for the Future For hundreds of years, First Nations people played the traditional game that became known as lacrosse.

数百年来的"未来传统游戏",原住民人出演了被称作"曲棍球"的传统游戏.

It was a deeply spiritual and political tradition for many tribes.

对许多部落来说,这是一个深刻的精神和政治传统。

Today, lacrosse lives on for people all around the world.

今天,曲棍球为全世界人民生活。

Lacrosse is a fast-growing sport that more and more people are embracing.

曲棍球是一种快速发展的运动,越来越多的人正在接受。

The speed of the game, its unique challenges, and the interactive team play make it simply irresistible to young athletes, and as a result, youth clubs are popping up across North America.

比赛速度之快,其独特的挑战,以及互动团队的玩法,使得青年运动员根本无法抗拒,因此,青年俱乐部正在北美各地兴起.

Who knows where or when the next Jen Adams or Jim Brown will show up in the lacrosse world?

谁知道接下来的Jen Adams或Jim Brown 会出现在曲棍球界?