Japan

美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习

Table of Contents Where Is It?

内容表在哪里?

............................... 4 People.................................... 6 Land..................................... 8 History.................................. 10 Celebrations.............................. 12 Food.................................... 13 Conclusion............................... 14 Glossary................................. 16 Where Is It?

页:1 4 人. . 6 地. 8 历史. 10 庆祝活动 12 粮. 13 结论。 14 词汇表. 16号在哪里?

The largest island in the chain is Honshu (HON-shoo), which includes more than 80 percent of Japan’s population. The other primary islands are Hokkaido, Shikoku, and Kyushu. The country’s largest cities are on Honshu, with nearly all of them located along the east coast. The capital of Japan is Tokyo (TOH-kee-yoh), also located on Honshu. More than thirty-two million people live and work in this sprawling metropolis. The city—a bustling center for international trade and business—is one of the most populated cities in the world. Millions of people also live in the areas surrounding Tokyo, forming what many call “Greater Tokyo.” People typically travel from these surrounding areas into Tokyo on high- speed trains called bullet trains, as well as on slower trains and subways. The city is the main transportation hub for Japan. It is said that more people pass through the Shinjuku (SHEEN-ju-ku) railway station in Tokyo than any other railway station in the world. People Although Japan is a small country, it has a population of more than 127 million, with over 90 percent of its people living in urban areas. Many people who live in cities work in banks, restaurants, hospitals, and other service industries. Others work in factories, producing high-tech electronics such as cell phones, computers, and televisions as well as other products, such as motor vehicles and machines. Japan is one of the leading producers of electronics in the world. In cities along the coast, some people work in Japan’s massive fishing industry, which includes one of the largest fleets of fishing ships in the world. Because Japan’s cities are so crowded, many people live in tall apartment buildings. In the suburbs surrounding cities, people typically live in houses and smaller apartment buildings. When space allows, meticulously groomed Japanese gardens appear beside some homes. Bullet trains bring people through Tokyo’s busiest train station.

链条上最大的岛屿是翁舒(Hon-shoo),包括了日本80%以上的人口. 其他主要岛屿有北海道,石嘴岛和九州. 全国最大的城市都位于洪修, 日本首都为东京(TOH-kee-yoh),也位于翁舒. 超过3200万人生活在这个无所不在的大都会中并工作. 这个城市是国际贸易和商业的繁忙中心,是世界上人口最多的城市之一。 数百万人还生活在东京周边地区,形成了许多人称之为“更伟大的东京 ” 。 人们一般会从这些周边地区出行,乘坐被称作"子弹列车"的高速列车,并乘坐较慢的列车和地铁进入东京. 该市是日本的主要交通枢纽. 据说,通过东京新宿(SHEEN-ju-ku)火车站的人比世界上任何其他火车站都要多. 人员 尽管日本是一个小国,但它的人口超过1.27亿,90%以上的人口生活在城市地区。 居住在城市的许多人在银行,餐馆,医院等服务业工作. 其他人在工厂工作,生产手机,计算机等高科技电子产品,电视机以及机动车和机器等其它产品. 日本是世界上电子产品的主要生产国之一. 在沿海的城市,一些人在日本的大规模渔业中工作,其中包括世界上最大的渔船船队之一. 因为日本的城市如此拥挤,很多人住在高大的公寓楼. 在周边城市的郊区,人们一般住在房屋和较小的公寓建筑中. 当空间允许时,精心精心修饰的日本花园就出现在一些住宅旁. 子弹列车将人们带入东京最繁忙的火车站。

In Japan, cell phones are called keitai (KAY-i-tie).

在日本,手机被称为keitai (KAY-i-tie).

In some Japanese homes, the floors are covered with thick rice-straw mats, called tatami (tah-TAH- mee). It is customary for Japanese people to remove their shoes when entering a home. Some Japanese sleep on thin beds called futons (FOO- tahns) that are rolled out on the floor. The rooms in some Japanese homes are divided by thin paper or bamboo screens instead of walls. Japanese people observe many different rules for manners, such as for greeting people and serving guests. For example, instead of shaking hands when greeting each other, they bow. How many times they bow and how deeply they bow depends on the person’s social status. Japan’s main language is Japanese, the writing of which is very complex. It uses two scripts, known as hiragana and katakana, which each contain about fifty symbols that represent different sounds. Japanese also uses kanji, which are borrowed Chinese characters, and even the Latin alphabet we use in English!

在一些日本人家中,地板被厚厚的稻草垫子所覆盖,称为tatami(tah-TAH-mee). 日本人在入住家庭时通常会脱去鞋子. 一些日本人睡在被卷出地上的被称作"花生"(FOO-tahns)的薄床上. 一些日式住宅中的房间被薄纸或竹屏所分出来取而代之. 日本人遵守许多不同的礼仪规则,如迎接来人和招待来宾等. 例如,在互相问候时,他们不是握手而是鞠躬. 他们鞠躬多少次,鞠躬有多深,这取决于个人的社会地位. 日本主要语言为日语,作词非常复杂. 它使用两个被称作hiragana和katakana的脚本,每个都包含大约50个代表不同声音的符号. 日语也使用被借入的汉字"kanji",甚至使用英语中的拉丁字母!.

Land Japan is a rugged country covered with lofty mountains and surrounded by water. In fact, most of Japan is mountainous, which is why nearly all of its cities are located in the flat coastal areas. The land on some islands is so steep and treacherous that people cannot live there. The highest peak is Mount Fuji, a volcano on the southern coast of Honshu. Tokyo Japan PACIFIC OCEAN Japanese Kanji fire mountain rain Japan’s Landforms Shikoku Honshu Kyushu Kyushu Mount Fuji Hokkaido Hidaka Mts.

陆地日本是一个崎岖的国家,被高山所覆盖,被水所包围. 事实上,日本大部分地处多山地,因此几乎所有城市都位于平地沿海地区. 一些岛屿上的土地十分陡峭和险恶,人们无法在那里生活。 最高峰是富士山,是位于翁舒南岸的一座火山. 日本东京 太平洋 日本干地放火取地山雨 日本地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地形地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌地貌

Kyushu Mts.

九州 M山.

Shikoku Mts.

师子山.

Chugoku Mts.

楚高克山(原变种).

Japanese Alps Ou Mts.

日本阿尔卑斯山.

Japan is located in one of the most geologically unstable areas in the world, with more than seventy active volcanoes and one thousand earthquakes annually. An earthquake that occurs along the ocean floor can create a giant wave called a tsunami (tsoo-NAH-mee), which means “harbor wave” in Japanese. Fast-flowing rivers cascade down the mountains of Japan and into the flat areas. These rivers help provide water to the many rice farms throughout the coastal lands. Lakes can be found both near the ocean and in volcanic craters called calderas that have gradually filled with rainwater. Monsoons influence Japan’s climate by causing high winds that can be wet and stormy or dry. Temperatures throughout Japan typically vary widely, with a cooler climate in the north and a warmer climate in the south. Japan’s wide temperature range is similar to the temperature range along the east coast of the United States. Japan’s rainy season in the fall also brings the threat of typhoons. History The Japanese call their country Nippon, or “Sun’s origin,” because they once believed that Japan was the first place on which the Sun’s rays shone. The country is also called “Land of the Rising Sun.” The Japanese civilization is thousands of years old, and was heavily influenced by its Asian neighbors to the west. This influence can be seen in various ways, including in its crops. Some historians think the Japanese gained knowledge of growing rice from the Chinese thousands of years ago. In addition, the religion of Buddhism spread from Korea to Japan in the sixth century. However, Japan has also developed its own unique traditions and customs. Shinto is one of Japan’s main religions, and many people observe both Shinto and Buddhist customs. Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples can be found throughout the country. Shinto shrine Buddhist temple Ishinomaki (ih-SHIH-noh-MAH-kee), a city in northeastern Honshu, was devastated by a tsunami in 2011.

日本地处世界上地质最不稳定的地区之一,每年有活火山70多座,地震1000起. 洋底一带发生的地震可以产生一股叫作"海啸"(tsoo-NAH-mee)的巨浪,这在日语中意为"海啸". 快速流入的河流会沿着日本的山地向下并进入平地地区. 这些河流帮助为沿海地上许多稻田提供取水. 湖泊既可以在海洋附近发现,也可以在被逐渐被雨水所填充的叫作"火山口"的火山口中发现. 季风影响日本气候,会引发高风,风能湿润多雨或干燥. 整个日本的气温一般相差很大,北部气候较凉爽,南部气候较暖和. 日本的宽温范围与美国东海岸一带的温度范围相类似. 日本秋季雨季也带来了台风的威胁. 历史 日本人称日本为"太阳之源",因为他们一度相信日本是太阳射线发光的第一个地方。 该国也被称为“升起的太阳之地”。 日本文明有上千年的历史,并深受其西边亚洲相邻地区的影响. 这种影响可以通过各种方式,包括在其农作物中看到. 一些历史学家认为日本人从几千年前从中国人那里得到种植水稻的知识. 此外,佛教的宗教在6世纪从韩国传入日本. 然而,日本也发展出自己独特的传统和习俗. 神道是日本的主要宗教之一,许多人同时遵守神道和佛教习俗. 神道神社和佛教寺庙遍布全国. 神道神社佛教寺庙伊希诺木克(Ih-SHIH-noh-MAH-kee)是翁舒东北部的一座城市,2011年被海啸所摧毁.

Japan’s history is rife with conflict over both land and power. However, the emperor of Japan has come from the same family, the Yamato dynasty, for more than two thousand years. It is the oldest continuous monarchy in the world. In the twelfth century, a Japanese warrior seized control of the country. He was the first shogun, or military king. For centuries, Japan was ruled by the shoguns. The shoguns continued to allow the imperial family to serve as emperors even though they had scant power. This time of the shogunates was also the time of the samurai (SA-muh-rye), fierce warriors who followed a strict code of honor. The samurai were also known as skilled fighters. During this era, Japan operated under a system of feudalism in which lords owned areas of land and wielded power over the people living on the land. These peasants had to work for the lord in order to live there. In the nineteenth century, Japan became a democracy in which people elected leaders to the Japanese parliament, called the Diet. Japan still has an emperor today, but since the end of World War II his duties have been ceremonial, not political. Celebrations In Japan, people celebrate many holidays and festivals throughout the year. Among these holidays are ones that celebrate the rice planting, harvest, and the good health of children, and others that honor their ancestors. One of the most important holidays in Japan is the weeklong celebration that leads up to New Year’s Day on January 1. During this week, it’s a common Japanese practice to clean the house and pay any debts. People also send good luck cards to each other, and children receive special New Year’s toys. On New Year’s Day, people often dress in traditional kimonos, eat specially prepared foods, and visit a nearby shrine to pray for good luck for the coming year. Another important celebration is the Lantern Festival, called Obon. Held in the summer, Obon allows the Japanese to honor their ancestors. During the festival, lanterns or candles are lit and set on rivers and lakes to float slowly away. During Obon, lanterns and candles are thought to guide the souls of ancestors back to their resting places.

日本历史充满了土地和权力冲突。 然而,日本皇帝出自同族大同王朝,历时两千多年. 它是世界上最古老的连续君主制国家. 12世纪,一名日本武士夺取了国家控制权. 他是第一位肖贡人,或称军事王. 几个世纪以来,日本一直由朔方统治. 檀君们继续允许帝国家族担任皇帝,尽管他们的权力很少. 这回的被猎人时代也是武士(英语:SA-muh-rye)的时代,是那些遵循严格的荣誉守则的凶猛的战士. 武士也被称为熟练的战士. 在这个时代,日本在封建主义制度下运作,在这种制度下,领主拥有地盘并对该地人民拥有权力。 这些农民不得不为领主工作才能在那里生活. 19世纪,日本成为一个民主国家,人们在其中选举出日本议会的领导人,称为"国会". 日本今天仍然有皇帝,但是自二战结束起,他的职责一直是礼仪性的,而不是政治性的. 在日本,人们全年都会庆祝许多节日和节日. 这些节日中包括庆祝稻田种植,收成,儿童身体健康等节日,还有一些节日是敬仰祖先. 日本最重要的节日之一是一月一日为新年而举行的为期一周的庆祝活动. 这周,日本人通常会清理房屋并偿还债务。 人们也会向对方寄出好运气卡,孩子们也会得到特殊的新年玩具. 在元旦,人们经常穿传统和服,吃特制的食物,并去附近的神社祈祷来年好运. 另一个重要的庆祝活动是"灯会"(Obon). 被放入夏地,欧本允许日本人尊崇祖先. 节日期间会点起灯笼或蜡烛并放入河流和湖泊上以缓慢地漂去. 在欧本期间,灯笼和蜡烛被认为会引导祖先的灵魂回到安息地.

Food Rice is an important part of the Japanese diet. It is sometimes served in small round cakes, called mochi (MOH-chee), as a snack. Japanese people also rely heavily on the surrounding ocean for food and incorporate fish and other seafood into many meals. In cities, sushi (SOO-shee) and sashimi (sah-SHEE-mee), both made with raw fish, are popular fast food choices. Many Japanese believe that food should look just as good as it tastes. Meals are typically served as several different small dishes, including soups and sometimes noodles. Like their Chinese neighbors, the Japanese usually eat with chopsticks, which are long, thin utensils made of wood. The Japanese follow many rules when preparing and presenting certain types of food. For example, one traditional ceremony is centered around serving tea and includes a highly organized and elegant process. This tea ceremony is usually held in a special room created just for that purpose. Conclusion Japan is a small island country covered with mountains, yet it includes crowded, bustling cities filled with high-tech industries. The land shakes with earthquakes, volcanoes erupt, and typhoons rage, but Japan’s people continue to thrive. Over thousands of years, the Japanese have learned to make the most of the land and waters around them. They grow tons of rice in small areas. They harvest large amounts of fish and seafood from the ocean, too. Timeless traditions and customs mingle with cutting-edge technology, making Japan a place that embraces two worlds—the ancient and the modern. Modern buildings crowd around the edges of the Imperial Palace grounds in Tokyo.

食物稻是日本饮食的重要组成部分. 它有时在小圆饼中被服务,被称作"Mochi"(MOH-chee),作为小吃. 日本人还严重地依赖周围的海洋来提供食物,并将鱼等海产食品纳入多餐. 在城市,用生鱼做成的寿司(SOO-shee)和寿司(sah-SHEE-mee)都是受欢迎的快餐选择. 许多日本人认为,食物的外观应该和口味一样好. 餐具一般作为几种不同的小菜肴提供,包括汤和有时是面. 和他们的中国邻居一样,日本人通常会用筷子来吃,而筷子是用木头做成的细长的餐具. 日本人在准备和呈现出某些种类的食物时遵循了许多规则. 例如,一个传统仪式以服务茶为中心,包括高度有组织而优雅的工艺. 这个茶会通常在专门为此目的而设的专用房间举行. 日本是一个覆盖多山的小岛国,但它包括拥挤和繁忙的城市,充满了高科技产业。 地震、火山爆发、台风肆虐, 千余由旬来,日人学取取所取之地与所取之地与水. 他们在小地区种植了一吨水稻. 它们也从海洋中取取出大量的鱼和海鲜. 无时无刻的传统和习俗与尖端技术相交融,使日本成为一个拥抱两个世界——古代和现代——的地方. 现代建筑在东京帝国宫地的边缘被挤出.

Sushi often consists of a sticky rice mixture rolled around raw fish and vegetables to make a roll.

苏希常由一盘粘糊糊的米浆混合,围绕生鱼和蔬菜来作卷.

Population: 127,250,000 Land: 364,485 sq km (226,480 sq.

人口:127,250,000人 地:364,485平方公里(226,480平方公里.

mi.)

(中文(简体) ).