and Extroverts

美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习

Table of Contents Different Styles.

不同样式的目录 。

4 Defining Terms.

4 界定术语。

5 Strengths and Challenges.

5 力量和挑战。

8 Introverts.

8个内向.

9 Extroverts.

九外道通论.

9 Myths and Misconceptions.

9出神话和误解.

11 Honoring Your Temperament.

11荣耀你的节奏。

13 Appreciating Diversity.

13 赞赏多样性。

15 Glossary.

15 词汇。

16 Different Styles Angela and Lisa are sisters who are two years apart in age.

16"不同风格"安吉拉和丽莎是年龄相差两年的姐妹.

Angela likes to stay home and read or do art projects in her room.

安吉拉喜欢留在家里,在房间里看或做艺术项目.

She also enjoys writing stories and playing with her pet hamster.

她也喜欢写故事,和宠物仓鼠一起玩.

Her favorite outdoor activities involve being in nature and carefully observing plants and wildlife.

她最喜欢的户外活动包括自然界和仔细观察植物和野生动物.

Lisa would rather be with her friends than do anything else.

丽莎宁可和朋友在一起 也不愿做别的事

She enjoys playing games with them as well as attending birthday parties and other social gatherings.

她喜欢和他们一起玩游戏以及参加生日聚会和其他社交集会。

At home, she often plays with her pet rabbit or makes friendship bracelets and other jewelry for her friends.

在家里,她经常和宠物兔子一起玩,或者为朋友做友谊手镯和其他首饰.

She’s very talkative and tries to get Angela to play with her, but Angela would rather be by herself.

但安吉拉宁可独自一人。

In some ways, Angela and Lisa are similar— they’re both artistically creative, and they both love animals.

Angela和Lisa在某些方面是相似的,

They’re also different in a fundamental way: Angela is an introvert, and Lisa is an extrovert.

他们也从本质上不同: 安吉拉是内向者,而丽莎是外向者.

Although Angela and Lisa are sisters, they’re opposites in some ways.

虽然安吉拉和丽莎是姐妹,

Defining Terms Introvert and extrovert are terms that describe different ways to feel energized, interact with other people, and process information.

定义术语Introvert和extrovert是描述不同方式来感受活力,与其他人互动,以及处理信息的术语.

The most important difference is that social interaction tends to be exhausting to introverts and energizing to extroverts.

最重要的区别在于,社会互动往往会耗尽内向并刺激外向.

The chart on the next page lists some traits of introverts and extroverts in more detail.

下页的图表更详细地列出了内向和外向的一些特征.

As you read them, keep in mind that they’re generalizations that may not apply to everyone.

在阅读时,请记住,它们可能并不适用于每个人。

Most people are a mix of the two types, which form a continuum.

大多数人是两种类型的混合体,它们构成了连续体.

Many people are ambiverts, having identifiable qualities of both types.

许多人是隐形人,具有可识别的两种特征。

Ambiverts draw on different aspects of their temperament in different situations.

异形从不同情况中汲取出其脾气的不同方面.

Introvert ··· Ambivert ··· Extrovert Scientists are studying possible differences in brain structures and brain chemistry between introverts and extroverts.

内向 外向力科学家正在研究内向力和外向力之间脑结构和脑化学的可能差异.

Evidence suggests that this trait is present from birth rather than learned.

证据表明,这种特征从出生开始就存在,而不是从学到。

A person’s temperament, or basic nature, is different from personality, which is shaped by experiences.

一个人的性格,或基本性质,与由经验所塑造的个性不同.

Education, upbringing, and a wide variety of events can all influence personality without affecting a person’s temperament.

教育、教养和各种事件都可以影响个性,而不影响一个人的脾气。

The terms introvert and extrovert come from the work of Carl Jung (YOONG) (1875–1961), a Swiss psychologist who developed a theory of psychological types that is still widely used today.

"内向"和"外向"一词出自于Carl Jung (YOONG) (1875–1961)的著作,他是一位瑞士心理学家,他发展出一种至今仍然被广泛使用的心理类型理论.

His theory includes four contrasting pairs of qualities, of which introvert–extrovert is considered the most important.

他的理论包括了四对相对的品质,其中内向-外向被视作最重要的.

Those qualities have been incorporated into surveys such as the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), which identifies sixteen different combinations of qualities.

这些素质已纳入诸如迈尔斯-布里格斯类型指标等调查,该指标确定了16个不同的素质组合。

Many people consider these kinds of profiles useful in understanding themselves.

许多人认为这些简介有助于了解自己。

Carl Jung’s List of Psychological Qualities Preferred Focus Introverted (I) Focus more on inner world Extroverted (E) Focus more on outer world Receiving Information Intuitive (N) Focus more on impressions and meanings Sensing (S) Focus more on physical reality Making Decisions Feeling (F) Focus more on what people care about and how decisions affect people’s lives Thinking (T) Focus more on logic and looking at pros and cons Living Life Perceiving (P) Flexible lifestyle; more comfortable with uncertainty Judging (J) Structured and orderly lifestyle; prefer certainty Strengths and Challenges It’s important to keep in mind that neither introversion nor extroversion is better or worse.

卡尔·正格的"心理素质首选列表"(一)"更注重内心世界外向"(E)"更注重外向世界接收信息直觉"(N)"更注重印象和意义感感感"(S)"更注重物质现实 做决定感"(F)"更注重人们关心什么,决策如何影响人们的生活"(T)"更注重逻辑,更注重利和错过的生活感"(P)"灵活生活方式;更能适应不确定性的判断(J) 结构化和有序的生活方式;更倾向于确定性 强与挑战" 内向和外向都是好坏。

Both styles are equally healthy and useful in certain circumstances.

这两种风格在某些情况下同样健康而有用.

However, one style may be more highly regarded than the other in a particular culture.

然而,一种风格在某一特定文化中可能比另一种更为受人高度评价.

In the United States, for example, extroversion is more highly valued and is often viewed as “normal.”

例如,在美国,外向主义受到更高度的重视,常常被视为“正常的”。 “

Americans sometimes see introverts as lacking or inferior, and introverts in this culture often feel pressure to be more like extroverts—more outgoing, assertive, and interested in group activities.

美国人有时将内向者视为缺乏或劣等,而这种文化中的内向者往往感到压力,想更像外向者——更外向,更自信,更对群体活动感兴趣.

In contrast, introversion is more accepted and even encouraged in other countries, such as Japan.

相形之下,日本等其他国家更能接受甚至鼓励内向.

Introverts and extroverts both have strengths and challenges.

内向和外向都具有优势和挑战.

Again, the descriptions that follow are generalizations that don’t fit every person.

接下来的描述是一般的,

Do You Know?

你知道吗?

One-quarter to one-half of Americans are introverts.

四分之一到一半的美国人是内向者.

One-half to three-quarters are extroverts.

半至四分之三为外向.

Introverts tend to focus inward.

内向者倾向于向内集中.

Extroverts tend to focus outward.

外向体倾向于向外聚焦.

Introverts Strengths: Introverts tend to be independent, self-motivated people who work well alone.

内向者强:内向者多为独立,自取其志而独行者.

They solve problems creatively and think things through carefully.

他们创造性地解决问题,仔细思考问题。

They are often well prepared and pay attention to detail.

它们往往准备充分,并注意细节。

Challenges: Introverts can feel overwhelmed in some situations and settings.

挑战: 在某些情况和场合,内向者会感到不堪重负.

They don’t like interruptions and are often distracted by background noise.

他们不喜欢中断,

They’re not fond of being put on the spot and may have a hard time speaking up in class or at work.

他们不喜欢被放在现场,

Their friends or family may not always understand their need for solitude.

他们的朋友或家人可能并不总是明白他们需要孤独。

Extroverts Strengths: Extroverts tend to make good first impressions and make friends easily.

外向转换 力量:外向者往往能做出良好的第一印象并容易地交朋友.

They are great at connecting with others and work well in groups.

他们非常擅长与他人建立联系,在团体中工作良好。

Challenges: Extroverts may have trouble working on their own.

挑战: 外向者可能自己工作有困难.

They may get bored easily and be very uncomfortable with boredom.

他们可能很容易感到无聊,对无聊感到非常不舒服。

They may also talk too much and not notice other people’s need for space or quiet.

他们可能会说太多话,

Jobs and Temperament Being an introvert or extrovert can be extremely helpful in certain kinds of jobs.

工作和暂时性是一种内向或外向性的工作,对于某些类型的工作可能极有帮助。

Introverts are often drawn to careers as writers, artists, and scientists, all of which often require working alone and being deeply involved in one task at a time.

内向者往往被吸引到作家,艺术家,和科学家的生涯中去,所有这一切往往需要单独地工作,一次深入地参与一个任务.

Extroverts are often attracted to fast-paced jobs such as teaching, sales, and politics, which call for quick decisions and frequent interactions with other people.

外向者常常被吸引到教学,销售,政治等快节奏的工作,这些工作要求迅速决策并经常与其他人互动.

Both introverts and extroverts may face challenges if their parents or other family members are on the other side of the spectrum.

如果其父母或其他家庭成员处于谱系的另一侧,内向和外向都可能面临挑战.

It helps to communicate openly and respectfully about differences and find a balance that meets everyone’s needs.

它有助于公开和恭敬地沟通分歧,并找到满足每个人需要的平衡。

Many modern classrooms in the United States are designed in ways that favor extroverts.

在美国,许多现代教室的设计方式都有利于外向型.

Desks arranged in pairs or small groups, an emphasis on group work, a lack of time and space for individual work, and public speaking requirements can all be challenging for introverted students.

以一对一或一组小组排列的课桌,强调集体工作,个人工作缺乏时间和空间,以及公开演讲的要求,都对内向学生具有挑战性.

Some schools have changed their classrooms to address these issues.

一些学校为解决这些问题而更换了教室。

Solutions include creating a quiet zone, making sure students have some quiet time each day, and offering a quiet alternative to the typical recess.

解决方案包括创建一个安静的区域,确保学生每天有一些安静的时间,以及提供一个安静的替代典型的休学.

Teachers can also encourage students to learn how to work independently and in pairs as well as in groups.

教师还可以鼓励学生学习如何独立工作、如何成对或成群工作。

Myths and Misconceptions Both introverts and extroverts are misunderstood at times, and misconceptions about them are widespread.

神话和误解 内向论和外向论有时都会被误解,对其的误解也普遍存在.

A common myth about introverts is that they’re shy.

一个关于内向者的常见神话是他们害羞。

In fact, although introversion and shyness can overlap, they are distinct and don’t always go together.

事实上,虽然内向和害羞可以重叠,但它们是截然不同的,并不总是一起走。

Shyness is nervousness or discomfort in social situations; shy people often have a strong desire to socialize but avoid it because they’re afraid of being rejected.

羞涩是社会状况中的紧张或不适; 害羞的人往往强烈渴望社交,

Anxiety and fear about socializing are quite different from not having much interest in it, which is often true of introverts.

对社会化的焦虑和恐惧与对它没有多大兴趣有很大不同,这常常是内向论者所为.

Also, shy people aren’t able to turn off their shyness at will, but introverts are often quite able to act like extroverts when they want to.

但内向者往往能像外向者一样,

Another misconception about introverts is that, because they generally participate less in social events, they must be antisocial or insecure.

另一个对内向论的误解是,由于他们一般较少参与社会事件,他们必须是反社会或不安全的.

They’re neither—they just get overstimulated easi ly, so they seek out solitude to take care of themselves.

因此他们寻求孤独照顾自己。

Introversion (top) and shyness (bottom) are very different.

内向(上)和害羞(下)有很大的不同.

A common misconception about extroverts is that life is easy for them and they’re happier than introverts.

外向者通常认为生活对他们来说是容易的,

Although extroverts often appear to be more comfortable than introverts in social situations, they have challenges just like everyone else.

虽然外向者在社会状况下往往看起来比内向者更自在,但是他们也像其他人一样面临挑战.

Extroverts may be as uncomfortable as introverts in certain situations but hide it better.

在某些情况下,外向者可能与内向者一样不舒服,但隐藏得更好。

Another myth is that extroverts are overbearing and bad listeners.

另一种神话认为外向者是过度和不良的听众.

In fact, extroverts love to connect with others and can often have very effective ways to befriend people, drawing them into conversation.

事实上,外向者喜欢与他人相接,往往可以非常有效的方式与人交好,将人引入对话.

However, their expressive way of reaching out can sometimes be overwhelming to introverts.

然而,它们的表达式接触方式有时会压倒内向者.

A third extrovert myth is that they don’t like to be alone.

第三出乎意料的神话是他们不喜欢孤独。

Often, they do—they just need shorter periods of time to recharge, and they may not need the same kinds of solitude as introverts.

通常,它们只是需要较短的充电时间,可能不需要像内向者那样的孤独。

Introverts and extroverts can be good friends.

内道相与外道相能相好.

Honoring Your Temperament Are you an introvert, extrovert, or ambivert?

恭敬你的节奏 你是内向、外向还是偏执?

If you’re not sure, review the chart on page 6.

如果你不确定,请查看第6页的图表。

Does one side describe you much better than the other, or are you somewhere in the middle?

一方形容你比另一方好得多 还是你身处中间?

It’s good to know where you fit on the introvert–ambivert–extrovert spectrum.

了解你位于内向-反向-外向光谱的位置是件好事。

Knowing yourself will help you have more confidence in who you are and understand your moods and preferences.

了解自己会帮助你更加自信 了解你的心情和喜好

This understanding can help you make choices that nourish you as well.

这种理解可以帮助你做出 也能养活你的选择。

It can also help you communicate with others so they can better respect your needs.

也可以帮助你与他人沟通,让他们更好地尊重你的需要.

For example, if you’re an introvert, other people will be less likely to take your wish for solitude as a criticism of them.

例如,如果你是一个内向者,其他人就不太可能以你孤独的愿望作为对他们的批评。

If you’re an extrovert, others will be more likely to understand your desire for social connection, even if they can’t join you.

如果你是一个外向者,其他人更可能理解你对社会联系的渴望,即使他们不能加入你。

Introverts and extroverts often enjoy doing similar things in different ways.

内向和外向往往喜欢以不同的方式做类似的事情.

Tips for introverts: • Understand that there’s nothing wrong with being an introvert, even if you live in a culture that doesn’t appreciate it fully.

内向者提示: 理解做内向者没有什么错, 即使你生活在一种不完全欣赏的文化中。

• Give yourself regular time alone to recharge.

• 支助 给自己正常的时间 单独充电。

Help your friends, family members, and teachers understand your need for solitude.

帮助你的朋友、家人和老师理解你需要孤独。

time for thinking, reflecting, and daydreaming.

时间思考,反思,和白日梦。

new people and activities.

新的人和活动。

more important that you have a few good ones.

更重要的是你有一些好的。

Tips for extroverts: • Develop interests and hobbies that involve spending time with other people.

外向的提示 : • 发展兴趣和爱好,与他人相处。

time with you.

时间和你在一起。

for you.

为你。

If you’re an ambivert: • Call upon your introvert and extrovert qualities as needed.

如果你是一个矛盾者 : —— 请按需要调用你的内向和外向素质。

Enjoy having access to both of them.

享受接触他们两人的机会。

Appreciating Diversity Introverts and extroverts have different skills and perspectives to offer, all of which are valuable.

欣赏多样性的Introvert和extrovert可以提供不同的技能和视角,所有这些都是有价值的.

Understanding that people have different temperaments is important for good communication and teamwork in families, schools, and workplaces because it fosters an environment of acceptance and mutual respect.

理解人们的脾气不同,对于家庭、学校和工作场所的良好沟通和团队合作十分重要,因为它营造了一种接受和相互尊重的环境。

When we divide up tasks that need to be done according to the temperament of those in a group, we make good use of different people’s strengths.

当我们根据一个群体中的人的脾气来划分需要完成的任务时,我们很好地利用不同的人的长处。

Remember Angela and Lisa?

还记得安吉拉和丽莎吗?

They are adults now.

他们现在是成年人了。

Angela is an artist and research assistant who works from home; Lisa is an event planner and a receptionist in a busy medical office.

安吉拉是一位艺术家和研究助理,在家中工作;丽莎是活动策划员和忙碌的医务所的接待员.

For these sisters, understanding their own temperaments allows both of them to honor their natures, respect their differences, and make wise choices that help them lead satisfying lives.

对于这些姐妹来说,理解自己的脾气可以使两人尊重自己的本性,尊重自己的差异,做出明智的选择来帮助他们过上满意的生活.

Angela and Lisa have both chosen work that honors their temperaments.

安吉拉和丽莎都选择了 尊重他们脾气的作品

Many people are also successful working in jobs that aren’t a perfect match for their temperament.

许多人也成功从事与其脾气不相称的工作。

It may take more energy or be more stressful, however.

然而,它可能需要更多的能量或更大的压力。

Glossary anxiety (n.)

词汇焦虑(n.)

the state of being worried or nervous, usually in relation to something unknown or upcoming (p.

担心或紧张的状态,通常与未知或即将发生的事情有关(p.

11) assertive (adj.)

11) 固执(adj.

having a confident or bold personality or style (p.

具有自信或大胆的个性或风格(p.

8) circumstances (n.)

8) 情况(不详)

conditions, facts, or occurrences that affect an event or situation (p.

影响某一事件或情况的条件、事实或事件(p.

8) impressions (n.)

8)印象 (n.

opinions, beliefs, or notions formed about someone or something (p.

观点,信仰,或对某人或某物形成的概念(p.

9) insecure (adj.)

9) 不安全(adj.

lacking self-confidence or certainty (p.

缺乏自信或确定性(p.

11) interact (v.)

11) 互动(五.

to work together; to speak or do things with others (p.

- 与他人交谈或做事情(p.

5) misconceptions (n.)

5) 误解(n.

(adj.)

(中文(简体) ).