Adaptive Athletes
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 History of the Paralympics.
4 残奥会史.
5 The 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics in London.
5 2012年夏季奥运会和伦敦残奥会.
8 At the Top of Their Game.
8 在他们的游戏巅峰。
9 Amy Purdy.
9号艾米·珀迪
10 Blind Athletes.
10盲运动员.
12 Exoskeletons.
12出骨节.
14 Achieving Excellence.
14 《实现卓越》。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Introduction People have always admired athletes, especially those who excel at their sport.
16 导言 人们一直敬佩运动员,特别是那些在运动上表现突出的运动员.
We admire natural talent and the ability to perform under pressure.
我们钦佩自然才华和在压力下表演的能力.
Yet even the most gifted athletes must sharpen their skills with practice.
然而,即使是最有天赋的运动员也必须通过练习来提高技能。
The best athletes usually spend years working to be better, with the goal of becoming the best.
最佳运动员通常会花数年时间努力提高成绩,目标是成为最佳运动员.
Many people who have a physical or mental disability are athletes as well.
许多身体或精神残疾的人也是运动员。
For years, though, rules kept disabled athletes from Olympic competition.
然而,多年来,规则使得残疾运动员无法参加奥林匹克竞赛.
But not anymore.
但现在不是了
Today, the Paralympic Games bring them to center stage!
今天,残奥会 游戏把他们带到舞台中心!
Since 1960, athletes with physical disabilities have competed in the Parallel Olympics, or Paralympics.
自1960年以来,身体残疾的运动员参加了平行奥运会或残奥会的比赛.
These competitors are known as adaptive athletes.
这些竞争者被称为适应性运动员.
Some of them are missing arms or legs.
其中一些是缺失的手臂或腿.
Others use wheelchairs.
其他人使用轮椅。
Still others are blind.
还有其他人是瞎子。
Yet all these top athletes have shown that with desire and hard training, almost any disability can be overcome.
然而,所有这些顶尖运动员都表明,通过欲望和艰苦训练,几乎可以克服任何残疾。
Young dancers perform for the crowd during the Opening Ceremony of the 2008 Paralympic Games in Beijing, China.
2008年中国北京残奥会开幕式上,青年舞者为群众表演.
History of the Paralympics The idea of the Olympic Games came from ancient Greece, where athletic contests were held every four years.
残奥会历史. 本届奥运会的想法出自古希腊,该地每四年举行一次田径比赛.
The games were stopped in AD 393 but were brought back more than 1,500 years later.
游戏在AD 393被停止了,但在1500多年后被带回.
Two hundred forty-one athletes from fourteen countries met in Athens, Greece, to compete in forty-three events.
来自14个国家的241名运动员在希腊雅典相会,参加43场比赛.
The first Paralympics began about fifty years later.
第一批残奥会大约从50年后开始.
The games grew out of a program in Great Britain started by a doctor named Sir Ludwig Guttmann.
游戏由一位叫路德维希·古特曼爵士(Sir Ludwig Guttmann)的医生在大不列颠开始的一个项目所发展而来.
The program was designed to rehabilitate World War II combat veterans with spinal injuries.
该方案旨在为有脊髓损伤的二战作战退伍军人提供康复.
Guttmann’s goal was to turn his games into a prestigious competition like the Olympics, and that is exactly what happened.
古特曼的目标是将他的比赛变成象奥运会这样的有声望的比赛,这正是所发生的。
Nations around the world joined the Paralympic movement.
世界各国都加入了残奥会运动。
The first official Paralympic Games were held in 1960 in Italy, just after the Rome Summer Olympics.
第一届正式的残奥会于1960年在罗马夏季奥运会后在意大利举行.
The 1960 games included about four hundred athletes from twenty-three nations.
1960年的比赛包括了来自23个国家的约400名运动员.
Dr.
医生
Ludwig Guttmann addresses the competitors at the Opening Ceremony of the 1964 games in Tokyo, Japan.
路德维希·古特曼(英语:Ludwig Guttmann)在日本东京举行的1964年游戏开场典礼上向竞争者发表讲话.
The Paralympic movement grew from there.
残奥会运动由此而来.
Summer and Winter Paralympic Games have since been held every four years.
夏季和冬季残奥会 此后,运动会每四年举行一次.
In 1989, the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) was founded in Germany.
1989年,国际残奥委员会在德国成立.
Its job is to direct the Paralympic movement and organize the games.
它的工作是指导残奥会运动和组织比赛.
The IPC mission is “to enable Paralympic athletes to achieve sporting excellence and inspire and excite the world.”
国际残疾人理事会的使命是“使残奥会运动员能够实现体育优异,并激励和激发世界。 “
In 2001, the IPC and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) agreed that the city hosting the Olympics would also host the Paralympics.
2001年,国际奥林匹克委员会和国际奥林匹克委员会商定,主办奥运会的城市也将主办残奥会。
The Paralympics first had six participation categories: amputee, cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, wheelchair, visual impairment, and les autres.
残奥会最初有六类参与:截肢、脑瘫痪、智力残疾、轮椅、视力障碍和自闭症。
The term les autres is French for “the others.”
“他人”的用法是法语。 “
This category included athletes with disabilities that do not fall into the other five groups.
这一类别包括不属于其他五组的残疾运动员.
Today, there are ten categories covering a range of limitations.
今天,有10个类别涵盖一系列限制。
Athletes from the United States and Israel compete in wheel- chair basketball at the 1960 games held in Rome, Italy.
来自美国和以色列的运动员在意大利罗马举行的1960年比赛中以轮椅篮球比赛.
The Events Athletes at the London Paralympic Games competed in 503 events in 21 sports.
伦敦残奥会的赛事运动员在21个运动会的503个赛事中参赛.
Archery Athletics Boccia (lawn bowling) Cycling – Road Cycling – Track Equestrian Soccer, 5-on-a-side Soccer, 7-on-a-side Goalball Judo Powerlifting Rowing Sailing Shooting Swimming Table Tennis Sitting Volleyball Wheelchair Basketball Wheelchair Fencing Wheelchair Rugby Wheelchair Tennis A few Paralympic athletes stand out.
射箭运动员 Boccia (蜡球) Cycling – Road Cycling – 田径赛跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑 少数残奥会运动员出名.
Trischa Zorn, a blind American swimmer, is the most decorated Paralympian in history.
特丽夏·佐恩(英語:Trischa Zorn)是一位盲人美国游泳运动员,是历史上被誉为"最有装饰性的帕拉林派".
From 1980 to 2004, she won 55 medals, 41 of them gold.
从1980年到2004年,她共获得55枚奖牌,其中41枚为金牌.
The most decorated athlete in the Winter Games is polio survivor Ragnhild Myklebust of Norway.
冬季运动会中获勋章最多的运动员是挪威的脊髓灰质炎幸存者Ragnhild Myklebust.
She competed in cross-country races, relays, biathlon, and ice sledge racing from 1988 through 2002.
她从1988年到2002年在越野赛事,接力赛事,比亚特伦赛事和冰上雪橇赛事中参赛.
During that time, she won 27 medals, 22 of them gold.
期间她共获得27枚奖牌,其中22枚为金牌.
Trischa Zorn The 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics in London More than 4,000 athletes from at least 150 countries took part in the 2012 London Paralympic Games.
Trisha Zorn 2012年伦敦夏季奥运会和残奥会共有来自至少150个国家的4000多名运动员参加了2012年伦敦残奥会.
Athletes competed in 503 events in 21 sports.
运动员在21个体育项目503个赛事中参赛.
Bringing the Olympics and Paralympics to London was quite a competition in itself.
把奥运会和残奥会带到伦敦本身就是一场相当激烈的竞争。
In a long bidding process, nine rival cities were reduced to five finalists.
在漫长的招标过程中,有9个敌对城市被缩减为5个决赛选手.
In July 2005, London received the most votes in the final ballot.
2005年7月,伦敦在最后投票中得票最多.
This was the third Olympics for London but its first time hosting the Paralympics.
这是伦敦的第三次奥运会,但第一次主办残奥会。
The Olympic and Paralympic Games used the same venues.
奥运会和残奥会都使用同一地点。
The heart of both games was the new Olympic Stadium located in Olympic Park.
两场比赛的核心都是位于奥林匹克公园的新奥林匹克体育场.
Other new facilities in the Olympic Park included an aquatics center, a basketball arena, and a water polo arena.
奥林匹克公园的其他新设施包括一个水上运动中心,一个篮球场,以及一个水上马球场.
The 2.
2号
5-square-kilometer (almost 1 sq.
5平方公分(近一平方公分.
mi.)
(中文(简体) ).
Olympic Park was once an industrial area with polluted soil.
奥林匹克公园曾是土壤被污染的工业区.
It was cleaned up and turned into a green setting for many of the Olympic and Paralympic events.
它被清理干净,变成了许多奥运会和残奥会活动的绿色环境.
At the Top of Their Game Many inspiring stories can be told about the athletes who participated in the 2012 London Paralympics.
在他们的游戏之巅,有许多鼓舞人心的故事可以讲述参加2012年伦敦残奥会的运动员.
Here are two of them: In 2005, TOM AGGAR of Great Britain had a spinal injury and took up competitive rowing as part of his therapy.
这里有两个: 2005年,大不列颠的TOM AGGAR被脊椎损伤,作为治疗的一部分参加了竞技划船.
He won gold medals in 2007, 2009, 2010, and 2011 world championship events.
他在2007年,2009年,2010年和2011年世界锦标赛上获得金牌.
He also won a gold medal at the 2008 Beijing Paralympics and won the World Cup in 2013.
他还在2008年北京残奥会中获得金牌并获得2013年世界杯.
NATALIE DU TOIT of South Africa began competitive swimming at age 14.
南非的NATALIE DU TOIT在14岁开始竞技游泳.
When she was 17, her left leg was amputated at the knee after she was hit by a car.
在她17岁时被一辆车撞倒后,她的左腿被截住膝盖.
Du Toit competed at the 2004 Athens and 2008 Beijing Paralympics, winning 11 medals, 10 of them gold.
杜托伊特在2004年雅典和2008年北京残奥会上出战,共获得11枚奖牌,其中10枚为金牌.
Du Toit won one silver and three gold medals at the London Paralympics.
杜托伊特在伦敦残奥会中获得一等银牌和三等金牌.
Tom Aggar Natalie du Toit Amy Purdy Some Paralympians have been disabled for most of their lives.
Tom Aggar Natalie du Toit Amy Purdy 一些瘫痪者一生中大部分时间都残疾。
Others, like Tom Aggar and Natalie du Toit, have had to adapt to changes in their abilities later in life.
其他人,如Tom Aggar和Natalie du Toit,不得不适应他们后来的能力变化。
One athlete who had an especially difficult change to get used to is Amy Purdy.
一个特别困难的运动员是艾米·珀迪。
Amy began snowboarding when she was 15 years old.
艾米15岁时开始下雪.
When she was 19, she got sick.
19岁时,她生病了.
Her symptoms suggested that she had the flu.
她的症状表明她得了流感.
What Amy really had was a deadly infection that spread quickly throughout her body.
Amy的确是致命的感染 迅速蔓延到全身
Amy’s organs failed and the blood flow to her legs stopped.
Amy的器官衰竭,
Doctors had to amputate both of her legs below the knee.
医生不得不截下她膝下两条腿。
While recovering, Amy set her mind to making the most of her abilities.
在恢复过程中 Amy想尽一切办法
Just seven months after receiving prosthetic legs, Amy began snow- boarding again.
刚收到假肢七个月后 艾米又开始下雪了
More than anything, Amy wanted to excel in her sport.
更何况, Amy想在运动上表现优异
Her new legs and feet, however, made it hard for her to snowboard.
然而,她的新腿和脚使她很难上雪板.
That didn’t stop Amy.
这并没有阻止艾米。
The determined double-amputee decided to design and build her own.
坚定的双人手决定自己设计和建造.
Within a year, she was winning medals at national snowboarding competitions.
一年内,她在全国滑雪比赛上获得奖牌.
Amy’s success inspired her to help others like herself.
Amy的成功激励她帮助自己这样的人.
In 2005, she cofounded an organization called Adaptive Action Sports.
2005年,她共同创立了一个名为"适应行动体育"的组织.
The organization introduces people with physical challenges to sports like snowboarding.
该组织向人们介绍了滑雪等运动的物理挑战.
Amy also worked hard to have adaptive snowboarding included in the Winter Paralympics.
艾米还努力将适应性的滑雪列入冬季残奥会.
In 2014, Amy’s hard work paid off.
2014年,艾米的辛勤工作得到了回报.
Adaptive snowboarding was added as a Paralympic event in Sochi, Russia.
适应性滑雪被加入为俄罗斯索契的残奥会活动.
Amy not only won the battle to include snowboarding in the Paralympics, but she also won a bronze medal competing at those games.
艾米不仅赢得了将滑雪列入残奥会的战斗,还赢得了在那些比赛中竞争的铜牌.
Amy Purdy celebrates on the medal stand at the 2014 Winter Paralympics in Sochi.
Amy Purdy在索契2014年冬季残奥会的奖牌摊上庆祝.
Blind Athletes Athletes who are partially sighted or blind participate in several Paralympic sports.
盲运动员 部分视力或失明的运动员参加多场残奥会运动.
The top sport for these Paralympians is goalball.
这些瘫痪者最顶尖的运动是入球.
It is the only sport in the Paralympics that is just for athletes with limited eyesight.
这是残奥会中唯一一项只针对视力有限的运动员的运动。
Each goalball team consists of three players.
每支入球球队由三名球员组成.
They stay within a marked area and try to throw a large rubber ball into the other team’s goal.
他们停留在一个有标记的区域,试图将一粒大的橡皮球投入另一支球队的入球.
Jingling bells inside the ball let the players know where it is.
球里面的铃声让球员知道它的位置.
All competitors must wear blackout masks so they cannot see at all.
所有竞争者必须戴防黑口罩 这样他们根本看不见
Wearing masks makes the game fair for all players.
戴口罩使得游戏对所有玩家公平.
Sound is also used for track and field athletes who are blind or partially sighted.
声音也用于盲人或有部分视力的田径运动员.
Spoken information, clapping, and electronic signals guide them.
口语信息,掌声,以及电子信号引导他们.
Runners also have guide runners who run in a lane next to them.
跑道选手还有导行跑道选手,他们旁边有一个跑道.
The two runners are usually connected by a strap connected to their wrists.
两名跑者通常由与手腕相接的绑带相接.
In track events longer than 400 meters, a runner can have two guides who take turns.
在超过400公尺的田径赛事中,跑者可以有两名向导轮流出场.
Runners also may be helped by spoken cues from their guide runner.
跑道者还可以通过引导跑道者的口号来帮助跑道者。
Japan’s Akiko Adachi saves the ball during a women’s goalball match against Sweden at the 2008 Paralympic Games.
日本Akiko Adachi在2008年残奥会女子入球对阵瑞典的比赛中省出一球.
In cycling events, visually impaired athletes use a two-seat bicycle.
在自行车赛事中,视障运动员使用双座自行车.
A pilot sits in the front seat.
飞行员坐前座.
The athlete pedals the bike and the pilot guides it.
运动员将自行车踩踏并由飞行员指导.
Guides are also used in another Paralympic sport—five-on-a-side soccer.
在另一项残奥会运动中也使用指南——5-一面足球。
Each soccer team is allowed one guide, who shouts instructions to the players from the sidelines.
每个足球队都允许一名向导,向球员从场外喊出指示.
Just as in goalball, the soccer ball makes noise so the players can hear where it is.
就像入球一样,足球会发出噪音,让球员能够听到球的位置.
Swimming events use people called “tappers,” who stand at both ends of the swim lanes holding a long pole.
游泳赛事使用被称为"tappers"的人,他们站在游泳道的两端手持一根长杆.
They use the pole to tap the swimmers as they get near the pool’s wall.
当游泳者接近游泳池墙时,
The taps help swimmers know when to turn.
水龙头可以帮助游泳者知道何时转弯.
All swimmers must wear blackened goggles.
所有游泳运动员必须戴被黑色的护目镜.
Doing so keeps partially sighted swimmers from having an advantage over swimmers who are completely blind.
这样做使有部分视力的游泳运动员不会比完全失明的游泳运动员有优势.
Australia’s (yellow/ green) Kieran Modra and his pilot, Tyson Lawrence (front), broke the world record and won the gold medal in the Men’s Individual Pursuit event of the 2008 Paralympic Games.
澳大利亚(黄/绿色) 基兰·莫德拉和他的飞行员泰森·劳伦斯(英语:Tyson Lawrence (front))打破了世界纪录,并在2008年残奥会男子个人追逐赛上获得金牌.
Exoskeletons A device called an “exoskeleton” could help improve mobility for many people with disabilities.
骨骼手术 称为“Exoskeleton”的装置可以帮助改善许多残疾人的行动能力。
It might someday play a part in the Paralympics as well.
有一天,它也可能在残奥会中发挥作用。
An exoskeleton is a powered metal framework that fits around all or part of the body.
外骨干(exoskeleton)是一种能动的金属框架,可以围绕全身或身体的一部分.
It runs on a small engine or a battery pack.
它运行在小型发动机或电池包上.
Full-body exoskeletons help the wearer carry heavy loads while running or climbing.
全身外骨骼能帮助穿戴者在跑道或爬行时携带重载.
Exoskeletons have other possible uses as well, such as helping rescue workers lift heavy debris in their search for victims.
Exoskeletons也有其他可能的用途,例如帮助救援人员在寻找被害者时抬起重瓦砾.
Some exoskeletons are designed for the lower part of the body.
一些外骨骼是为身体下部而设计的.
These robotic legs make it possible for people with paraplegia to walk.
这些机器人腿使得有瘫痪症的人可以行走.
Perhaps robotic legs will someday be used at the Paralympics.
也许有一天残奥会会使用机器人腿。
Critical Thinking What do you think would be the pros and cons of allowing athletes with robotic legs to compete in future Paralympic competitions?
关键思考 你认为允许有机器人腿的运动员参加未来的残奥会比赛的利弊是什么?
This lower-body exoskeleton, named e LEGS, is a bionic device that helps people with paraplegia stand and walk.
这种下体外骨骼(exoskeleton)被命名为eLEGS,是一种能帮助人们站起瘫痪和行走的活体装置.
Achieving Excellence From its simple beginnings in 1948, the Paralympics have grown to match the Olympics in scale.
从1948年简单的开始,残疾人奥林匹克运动会已经发展到规模上与奥林匹克运动会相匹配。
Both games offer an inspiring look at the human spirit by showing top athletes striving to achieve excellence in sports.
两场比赛都展现出努力在体育领域取得优异成绩的顶尖运动员,以鼓舞人心的眼光看待人的精神.
Paralympic athletes are great examples of competitors who have made the most of their abilities.
残奥会运动员是竞争对手发挥最大能力的巨大例子.
Those abilities will shine at the Paralympic Games for years to come.
这些能力将在今后若干年里在残奥会中亮相。
The British tandem cycling pair of Aileen Mc Glynn (left) and sighted pilot Ellen Hunter pedaled for gold at the 2008 Paralympics in Beijing.
英国人Aileen Mc Glynn(左)和有远见的飞行员Ellen Hunter在北京2008年残奥会上踏上金牌。