Peacemakers
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Mahatma Gandhi.
圣雄甘地4号
5 Nelson Mandela.
5 纳尔逊·曼德拉。
8 Martin Luther King, Jr.
8 马丁·路德·金, Jr.
11 Mother Teresa.
11 特蕾莎母亲。
14 Mairead Corrigan and Betty Williams.
14马来德·克瑞根和贝蒂·威廉姆斯.
16 The Peacemaker in You.
16 和平缔造者在你。
19 Peer Mediation: How to Start Your Own Peacemaking Program at School.
19 同行调解: 如何在学校启动自己的建立和平方案。
20 How Peer Mediation Works.
20 同行调解工程。
20 It Might Happen Like This.
20岁可能会这样
21 How to Set Up a Peer Mediation Program.
21 如何制定同行调解方案。
22 Glossary.
22 词汇表。
23 Explore More.
23 探索更多。
24 Index.
24 指数。
24 Introduction Many people work to make the world more peaceful, some in big ways and others in small ways.
导言 许多人努力使世界更加平和,有些人大而小.
A peacemaker is someone who works to end wars, conflicts, and disagreements between people, groups, or countries.
和平缔造者是努力结束战争、冲突和人民、团体或国家之间分歧的人。
There are many awards for peacemakers, but the most well- known is the Nobel Peace Prize.
和平缔造者有很多奖项,但最有名的是诺贝尔和平奖.
In this book, you’ll learn about some of the men and women who have worked for peace, many of whom were awarded the Nobel Prize.
在这本书中,你会了解一些曾为和平而工作的男女,其中许多人曾被授予诺贝尔奖.
The Nobel Peace Prize, an annual international award, has been given since 1901.
诺贝尔和平奖是年度国际奖项,自1901年起颁发.
The Prize includes a monetary award of $1.
该奖项包括1美元的奖金.
3 million that is shared equally among the winners, a gold medal, and a diploma.
获得者平均分享300万枚金牌和文凭。
Mahatma Gandhi Mahatma Gandhi (muh-HOT-muh GON- dee) was born October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Gujarat, India.
圣雄甘地 圣雄甘地(英語:muh-HOT-muh GON-dee)1869年10月2日生于印度古吉拉特邦波尔班达尔.
His name was actually Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, but he is known by the title Mahatma, which means “great soul.”
他的名字其实是Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi,但他被取名为Mahatma,意思是“伟大的灵魂”。 “
He went to college in London, England, to become a lawyer.
他在英国伦敦上大学成为律师.
After graduation, he went to South Africa, where he worked to help the laborers from India who lived there.
毕业后,他前往南非,在那里工作,帮助来自印度的劳工在那里生活.
He lived his life with two goals: to set India free from Britain’s rule, and to free Indians everywhere from prejudice.
他的生活有两个目标:使印度摆脱英国的统治;使各地的印第安人免受偏见.
Gandhi believed in achieving his goals without using force or violence.
甘地相信不使用武力或暴力就能实现目标。
He felt the best way to fight a bad law was to disobey it.
他觉得与不法斗争的最佳方式就是违抗.
Gandhi also believed in being a good role model for people to follow.
甘地还相信自己是人们效仿的好榜样.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Gandhi wanted people to use cloth woven in India rather than cloth imported from Britain.
甘地希望人们使用印度编织的布而不是从英国进口的布.
So he spun yarn every day on a spinning wheel.
他每天在旋转的轮子上晃来晃去
Gandhi and other Indians march to the sea in protest over Britain’s tax on Indian salt.
甘地等印度人出海抗议英国对印度盐的征税.
Mahatma Gandhi Gandhi is famous for leading his country’s people in nonviolent resistance against Britain’s rule of India.
圣雄甘地 甘地以带领本国人民非暴力抵抗英国统治印度而出名.
When Britain taxed Indian salt in 1930, Gandhi walked more than 240 miles (386 km) to the sea to gather his own salt.
1930年英国征收印度盐税后,甘地走出240多英里(386公里)到出海去收取自己的盐.
He marched for 24 days, and millions of Indians marched with him.
他出征了24天,有数百万印第安人随同出征.
When Gandhi reached the sea, he was arrested.
甘地入海后被活捉.
Gandhi spent years of his life in jail.
甘地在狱中度过了多年.
Whenever he heard his followers were acting violently, he stopped eating.
当他听到他的追随者有暴力行动时,他就停止了吃东西.
The hunger strikes worked.
绝食成功。
Not only did his followers stop using violence, but Britain also made concessions because they knew how important Gandhi was to the people of India.
他的追随者不仅停止了使用暴力,英国也作出了让步,因为他们知道甘地对印度人民有多重要.
In 1947, Britain granted freedom to India.
1947年,英国给予印度自由.
Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela was born July 18, 1918, in Mvezo, South Africa.
纳尔逊·曼德拉于1918年7月18日生于南非姆韦佐.
At birth, he was named Rolihlahla Mandela.
出生时取名"罗利拉拉·曼德拉".
He changed his name to Nelson when he was in school.
在校时更名"纳尔逊".
He studied law and became active in politics.
他学习了法律并活跃于政治.
Beginning in the late 1940s, South Africa operated under a system called apartheid (ah-PAR-tide), which separated races.
从1940年代后期开始,南非实行种族隔离制度(ah-PAR-tide),将种族分开.
Nonwhites could have only limited contact with white people, and they had no political power.
非白人只能与白人有有限的接触,他们没有政治权力.
Native black people made up 75 percent of South Africa’s population, yet had poor schooling (or none), poor housing, and most could work only as servants or laborers.
本地黑人占南非人口的75%,但学校教育差(或无),住房差,大多数只能做佣人或劳工。
In India, there was an accepted caste system in which the lowest caste, the “untouchables,” did jobs that other castes thought were unclean or dirty.
在印度,有一种公认的种姓制度,在这种制度下,最低种姓,即“不可接触者”从事其他种姓认为不干净或肮脏的工作。
Gandhi was against the caste system and invited untouchables to live with him.
甘地反对种姓制度,邀请贱民与他同住.
Also, two religious groups in India—Hindus and Muslims— fought each other.
此外,印度的两个宗教团体——Hindus和穆斯林——也相互交战。
Gandhi was seventy-eight years old and frail, but he traveled across the country to convince Indians to love each other.
甘地当时已七十八岁而虚弱,但他横行全国以说服印第安人相爱.
Instead, India split into two countries—India, mostly Hindu, and Pakistan, mostly Muslim.
相反,印度分裂成两个国家—— 印度,多为印度人;巴基斯坦,多为穆斯林.
In 1948, Gandhi went to India’s capital to meet with Hindu leaders.
1948年,甘地去印度首都同印度教领导人会面.
However, before the meeting, a Hindu man shot and killed Gandhi on January 30, saying he was too kind to Muslims.
然而,在会议之前,一名印度教徒于1月30日开枪打死了甘地,说他对穆斯林太仁慈了.
Gandhi was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize five times, but it was never awarded to him.
甘地曾五次被提名诺贝尔和平奖,但从未被授予.
His principles, based on truth and nonviolence, have since inspired many more peacemakers.
他基于真理和非暴力的原则从此激励了更多的和平缔造者。
Because Mandela worked with a black political organization to fight apartheid, he was charged with treason.
因为曼德拉与一个黑人政治组织合作去同种族隔离作斗争,他被指控叛国.
He was found not guilty of the charge and continued to work with the organization even though the government banned it.
他被判无罪,并继续与该组织合作,尽管政府禁止.
He was arrested again and put in prison.
他再次被捕并入狱。
Other countries pressured South Africa to give up apartheid.
其他国家向南非施压要求放弃种族隔离.
Locally, black and white people led protests against the system.
在当地,黑人和白人领导了反对这一制度的抗议.
The president of South Africa, a white man named F.
南非总统,一个叫F.
W.
维.
de Klerk, took steps to end apartheid.
德克勒克 采取步骤结束种族隔离
He also freed Nelson Mandela, who had been in prison for more than twenty-five years for fighting for political rights for blacks.
他还释放了纳尔逊·曼德拉,纳尔逊·曼德拉因为黑人争取政治权利而入狱超过25年.
Mandelade Klerk Mandela worked with de Klerk to change South Africa’s government.
曼德拉德克勒克曼德拉与德克勒克合作改变南非政府.
In 1994, thanks to the two men, elections were held in South Africa.
1994年,由于两人的帮助,南非举行了选举.
For the first time, the elections were open to all of South Africa’s citizens, no matter what their race.
这些选举首次对南非所有公民开放,
In 1993, the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to both Mandela and de Klerk for their work on opening elections to all South Africans.
1993年,诺贝尔和平奖颁发给曼德拉和德克勒克,表彰他们为向所有南非人开放选举所做的工作。
In April 1994, South Africa elected Nelson Mandela as the country’s first black president.
1994年4月,南非选举纳尔逊·曼德拉为该国首位黑人总统.
He knew he was now in the position to lead his country to complete equality between races.
他知道自己现在有能力领导他的国家实现种族之间的完全平等.
He led the government to write a new constitution, which became law in December 1996.
他领导政府撰写了新宪法,于1996年12月成为法律.
Mandela is known for working with all races in South Africa.
曼德拉以与南非所有种族合作而出名.
His advisors included people of all races.
他的顾问包括了所有种族的人.
He impressed and made friends with many South African whites who once opposed giving nonwhites political power.
他给许多南非白人留下了深刻印象并结交了朋友,他们一度反对给予非白人政治权力.
Mandela visits his old prison cell on Robben Island.
曼德拉访问他在罗本岛的旧监狱牢房.
Martin Luther King, Jr.
小马丁·路德·金.
Martin Luther King, Jr.
小马丁·路德·金.
, was born January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia.
,1929年1月15日生于乔治亚州亚特兰大.
He went to school to become a minister, in part because he believed leaders of black churches should take charge of the movement against discrimination.
他上学去当部长,部分原因是他认为黑人教会领袖应该负责反对歧视的运动.
In those days, southern U.
在那些日子,南吴.
S.
师曰.
cities were segregated, which meant African-Americans lived separate from whites and were treated as if they were inferior.
城市是被隔离的,这意味着非洲裔美国人与白人分开居住,并被当成是下等.
As a student, King heard a lecture about Mahatma Gandhi that years later motivated him to lead his own nonviolent struggle against segregation.
作为一名学生,国王听到关于圣雄甘地的演讲,这几年后促使他领导自己反对隔离的非暴力斗争.
King asked his Montgomery, Alabama, congregation to join him in actively opposing discrimination by joining a civil rights group called the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and by voting.
国王要求他的蒙哥马利,阿拉巴马,会众一起积极反对歧视,加入一个民权团体"全国有色人种协进会"(NAACP)并投票.
In 1955, a black woman named Rosa Parks was arrested when she wouldn’t give up her seat on a Montgomery bus to a white man.
1955年,一名叫罗莎·帕克斯的黑人妇女被捕,当时她不会放弃自己在蒙哥马利公交车上的座位给白人男子.
In support of her actions, King led a movement to boycott, or refuse to use, the city’s bus system.
为了支持她的行动,国王领导了一个运动抵制或拒绝使用该市的公交系统.
The boycott resulted in a lawsuit filed by the NAACP.
抵制导致有色人种协进会提起诉讼.
This lawsuit led the U.
这个诉讼导致了U.
S.
师曰.
Supreme Court to declare Alabama’s segregation laws illegal.
最高法院宣布阿拉巴马州隔离法非法.
Now King was considered a key U.
现在King被认为是关键U.
S.
师曰.
of the nation’s African-American population.
全国的非裔美国人。
He went on to peacefully promote increased African-American voter registration, integrated restaurants, and more.
他继续和平地推动增加非裔美国人的选民登记,整合餐厅,等等.
King’s goal was for all African-Americans to be active as U.
国王的目标是让所有非裔美国人都作为U积极活动.
S.
师曰.
citizens.
公民们
People sometimes acted violently toward King.
人们有时对国王采取暴力行动。
He was arrested and his life was threatened, but King never gave up.
他被捕后生命受到威胁,但国王从未放弃.
In July 1964, President Lyndon Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act.
1964年7月,林登·约翰逊总统签署了"民权法案".
Segregation became a federal crime.
隔离成为了联邦犯罪.
King speaks to his Montgomery congregation.
国王和他的蒙哥马利会众说话
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Many people remember Martin Luther King, Jr.
许多人还记得小马丁·路德·金.
, for these words spoken at a speech on August 28, 1963: “I have a dream today.
1963年8月28日在一次演讲中说:“我今天有一个梦想。
of a time when sons of former slaves and sons of former slave-owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.”
当时,前奴隶的儿子们和前奴隶主的儿子们,将能够坐在兄弟情谊的桌子上。 “
King gives his “I have a dream.
King说:“我有一个梦想。
” speech.
“演讲。
Mother Teresa Mother Teresa In 1910, Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu (GOHN-jah boh-yah-JEE-yoo) was born in the country that later became Yugoslavia and is now part of Macedonia.
1910年,母亲特蕾莎·克特蕾莎·克特蕾莎·克特蕾莎·克特蕾莎·克特蕾莎·克特蕾丝·克特蕾丝·克特蕾丝·克特蕾丝·克特蕾丝·克特蕾丝·克特蕾丝·克特蕾丝·克特蕾丝·克特蕾丝·克特蕾丝·克特蕾丝·克特蕾丝·克特蕾丝·克特蕾丝·克特蕾丝·克特蕾丝·克特蕾丝·克特蕾丝·克特蕾丝·克特蕾丝·克特蕾丝·克特蕾丝·克特蕾丝·克(GOHN-jah-y-JEE-yoo)出生于后来成为南斯拉夫并现为马其顿一部分的国家.
She changed her name to Teresa when she became a Catholic nun.
她成为天主教修女后更名为特蕾莎.
In 1928, Mother Teresa went to teach at a high school in Calcutta, India.
1928年,特蕾莎修女到印度加尔各答的一所高中任教.
After eighteen years of teaching, she believed it was her purpose in life to leave the school and help those living in poverty.
在执教了十八年后,她相信离开学校并帮助那些生活贫困的人是她人生的目的.
King won the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize, which celebrated his nonviolent resistance to segregation.
国王获得了1964年诺贝尔和平奖,该奖项为他非暴力地抵抗隔离而庆祝.
On April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee, a white man shot and killed King.
1968年4月4日,在田纳西州的孟菲斯,一名白人开枪打死了国王.
In 1983, as tribute to the civil rights leader, the U.
1983年,作为对民权领袖U.
S.
师曰.
Congress declared the third Monday in January as Martin Luther King, Jr.
国会宣布1月份的第三个星期一为小马丁·路德·金.
Day.
日报.
Mairead Corrigan and Betty Williams Mairead Corrigan was born January 27, 1944, in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
迈雷德·克瑞根和贝蒂·威廉斯·迈雷德·克瑞根于1944年1月27日生于北爱尔兰贝尔法斯特.
Betty Williams was born May 22, 1943, also in Belfast.
贝蒂·威廉斯于1943年5月22日生于贝尔法斯特.
They lived during a time when Catholic Irish Republican Army members were killing and terrorizing people, trying to drive the British out of Northern Ireland.
他们生活在一个时期,天主教爱尔兰共和军成员正在杀戮和恐吓人,想将英国人赶出北爱尔兰.
Groups of Protestants responded in kind.
新教徒团体以实物回应.
Hundreds on both sides were killed and thousands were injured.
双方有上百人被炸死,上千人受伤.
Property damage from the civil war reached millions of dollars.
内战造成的财产损失已达数百万美元。
Williams met Corrigan in August 1976 after an accident in which a car driven by a member of the IRA swerved out of control, hitting a family, killing three children, and injuring their mother.
1976年8月,威廉姆斯在一次由爱尔兰共和军一名成员驾驶的汽车失控出事后结识了克瑞根,撞倒了一家人,杀死了三个孩子并打伤了他们的母亲.
Betty Williams witnessed the accident.
贝蒂·威廉姆斯目睹了这次事故.
She vowed to do what she could to restore peace and began a petition calling for an end to the fighting.
她发誓会尽自己所能来恢复和平,并开始请愿,呼吁结束战斗.
Corrigan was the sister of the injured woman and aunt to the children who were killed.
克瑞根是受伤妇女与遇害儿童的姨妈的妹妹.
She criticized the IRA’s violence on television the day after the accident.
她批评爱尔兰共和军在事故发生后第二天在电视上的暴力行为.
Mother Teresa began wearing a white sari similar to the dress worn by India’s poor women.
母亲特蕾莎开始穿一身白色的莎丽,
She took a nursing course, and then opened a school in Calcutta’s slums.
她参加了护理课程,然后在加尔各答的贫民窟开设了一所学校。
In 1950 she started a new order for missionaries.
1950年她开始为传教士订出新的订单.
More than twenty- four women joined the order within five years.
超过24名女性在5年内加入该命令.
Mother Teresa opened a home for the dying poor of Calcutta; an orphanage; a home for people infected with leprosy; a home for the aging; a learning center to teach skills to the jobless; medical clinics; and shelters for homeless women and children.
特蕾莎母亲为加尔各答正在死亡的穷人开设了一个住所;一所孤儿院;麻风病患者之家;老年之家;一个向失业者传授技能的学习中心;诊所;以及无家可归的妇女和儿童收容所。
In the 1960s, Mother Teresa’s Missionaries of Charity opened similar shelters for the poor in other countries.
1960年代,特蕾莎修女慈善传教士在其他国家为穷人开设了类似的收容所。
India’s government and the Roman Catholic Church honored Mother Teresa for her work.
印度政府和罗马天主教会为特蕾莎修女的作品而感到荣幸.
In 1979, Mother Teresa won the Nobel Peace Prize for her care of the poor.
1979年,特蕾莎修女因照顾穷人而获得诺贝尔和平奖.
She used her prize money to build more aid centers.
她用她的奖金 建立了更多的援助中心。
Mother Teresa died as a result of a heart attack on September 5, 1997, in Calcutta, India.
母亲特蕾莎于1997年9月5日在印度加尔各答死于心脏病.
Two nights later, Corrigan saw Williams discussing her petition on television and called to invite her to the funeral.
两天后,克瑞根看到威廉姆斯在电视上讨论她的请愿书并打电话邀请她参加葬礼.
Corrigan and Williams led a protest demonstration of about 10,000 women to the graves of the victims.
科里根和威廉姆斯带领了大约一万名妇女到被害者的坟墓进行抗议示威.
The two women became friends, joined together by the horror they felt over the violence in their country.
两位妇女成为了朋友,她们因国内暴力而感到恐惧。
They decided to create an organization to promote peace in Ireland.
他们决定成立一个组织来推动爱尔兰的和平.
They joined with a popular journalist and founded Peace People.
他们与一位受欢迎的记者一起成立"和平人民".
The group wrote and distributed a booklet called The Price of Peace.
该小组编写并分发了一本名为《和平的代价》的小册子。
They organized marches in the name of peace, in which thousands of people participated.
他们以和平为名组织游行,有上千人参加.
Corrigan and Williams traveled to countries throughout the world on behalf of peace for Ireland.
克瑞根和威廉斯为了爱尔兰的和平而前往世界各国.
Although their lives were threatened, they were steadfast in their goal for peace.
尽管他们的生命受到威胁,但他们坚定地追求和平的目标。
By the end of the summer of 1977, violent acts related to the Irish conflict were reduced by more than half.
到1977年夏末,与爱尔兰冲突相關的暴力行为减少了一半以上.
Betty Williams Betty Williams and Mairead Corrigan march for peace.
贝蒂·威廉姆斯·贝蒂·威廉姆斯和迈雷德·克瑞根为和平出征.
Williams and Corrigan won the 1976 Nobel Peace Prize.
威廉斯和克瑞根获得了1976年诺贝尔和平奖.
The two women continued to work with Peace People by helping survivors of attacks and victims of violence.
两名妇女继续同和平人民合作,帮助袭击幸存者和暴力受害者。
They built community centers in poverty-stricken areas and helped to rebuild damaged buildings.
他们在贫困地区建立了社区中心,并帮助重建被破坏的建筑物。
They raised millions of dollars to support their programs, including one in which they persuaded terrorists to turn in their weapons.
他们筹集了数百万美元来支持他们的方案,包括他们说服恐怖分子交出武器的方案。
Other awards acknowledging their peacemaking efforts were given to Corrigan and Williams.
向科里根和威廉姆斯颁发了其他奖项,表彰他们为建立和平所作的努力。
The two women continue to work for peace.
两位妇女继续为和平而努力。
Friends who learn to talk about their problems learn to keep the peace.
学会谈论自己问题的朋友会学会维持和平.
The Peacemaker In You Peacemakers help make the world a better place to live, and so can you.
" 和平缔造者在你们 " 和平缔造者帮助使世界变得更美好,你们也可以这样做。
Many people who lead ordinary lives devote time and energy to work against war and injustice.
许多过平凡生活的人将时间和精力投入到反对战争和不公正的工作中去.
By working to solve arguments within your family, between friends, at school, and in your community, you can become a peacemaker and make a difference, too.
通过努力解决家庭内部,朋友之间,学校里,社区里的各种争论,也可以成为和平缔造者,有所作为.
You may inspire others to act as peacemakers.
你可以激励其他人成为和平缔造者。
Remember, each effort—big or small—makes the world a more peaceful place to live.
记住,每一项努力,无论大小,都使世界更加和平地生活。
Peer Mediation: How to Start Your Own Peacemaking Program at School When there are conflicts between students, it often leads to violent feelings and sometimes to violent actions.
同行调解: 如何在学校启动自己的建立和平方案 当学生之间发生冲突时,往往会引发暴力情绪,有时会引发暴力行动.
Some schools have formed peer mediation programs.
一些学校制定了同侪调解方案。
Trained students guide arguing students to work out their differences.
被培养的学生指导争论学生解决分歧.
Two benefits of this program are: people learn that respectful discussion solves conflicts, and the students themselves solve the problems.
这个计划的两个好处是:人们学会了尊重的讨论解决了冲突,学生自己解决了问题.
How Peer Mediation Works It begins when two or more students have an argument.
同伴调解工作如何 当两个或两个以上学生有争论时开始.
The teacher gives them the option of going to a peer mediator, or going to the school principal.
老师让他们可以选择找同伴调解人,或者去找校长。
It’s always the students’ choice.
这总是学生的选择。
A trained student guides those who choose mediation through a discussion in which they learn to negotiate with each other.
训练有素的学生指导那些通过讨论选择调解的人,他们在讨论中学会彼此谈判.
Also, peer mediators can step in if they happen to see two students arguing on the playground.
另外,同伴调解人如果碰巧看到两名学生在操场上争吵,可以介入.
It Might Happen Like This: • Mediator introduces him or herself and asks if the arguing students want to solve the problem.
它可能会像 这:调解人介绍他或她,并询问辩论学生是否想解决问题。
If the answer is yes, they all go to an area set aside for solving problems.
如果答案是肯定的,它们都去一个专用于解决问题的区域。
interrupting.
打断一下
• Students must agree to tell the truth.
• 支助 学生必须同意说实话.
and how each felt about it.
以及每个人的感受
to the problem.
问题。
a solution they both like.
他们都喜欢的解决方案
• Mediator congratulates the students!
• 调解员祝贺学生们!
How to Set Up a Peer Mediation Program Schoolteachers must support a peer mediation program, so your first step is to find a teacher who will sponsor your group.
如何建立同伴调解方案学校的教师必须支持同伴调解方案,所以你的第一步是找到一个教师来赞助你的团队.
Usually, all the teachers will vote on whether or not the school should start a mediation program.
通常,所有教师都会投票决定学校是否应该启动调解方案.
Next, teachers go through mediation training, which is usually taught by a community mediation center.
其次,教师通过调解培训,通常由社区调解中心教授。
Then a small group of volunteer student mediators is chosen or nominated.
然后选择或提名一批志愿学生调解员.
Most middle school peer mediators attend 12 to 15 hours of training.
大多数中学同侪调解员参加12至15小时的培训。
Classes teach the definition of conflict, how to communicate and listen, and how to act as an effective go-between.
班级教授冲突的定义,如何沟通和倾听,如何作为有效的中间人。
Positive Results How well do peer mediation programs work?
积极成果 同侪调解方案的运作情况如何?
Some schools have reported significant decreases in suspensions for fighting.
一些学校报告说,因战斗而停课的人数大大减少。
In one survey, more than 8 out of 10 middle schools called their peer mediation programs successful.
在一项调查中,10所中学中有8所称其同伴调解方案成功。
Index apartheid, 8, 9 civil rights, 11–13 Corrigan, Mairead, 16–18 deaths, 7, 13, 15, 16 de Klerk, F.
指数种族隔离, 8, 9 公民权利, 11–13 Corrigan, Mairead, 16–18 死亡, 7, 13, 15, 16 de克勒克, F.
W.
维.
, 9, 10 discrimination, 11 England, 5, 6 Gandhi, Mahatma, 5–7, 11 hunger strikes, 6 India, 5–7, 14, 15 Irish Republican Army, 16 King, Martin Luther, Jr.
,9,10歧视,11英格兰,5,6甘地,圣雄,5–7,11绝食,6印度,5–7,14,15爱尔兰共和军,16国王,马丁·路德,小.
, 11–13 Macedonia (Yugoslavia), 14 Mandela, Nelson, 8–10 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 11, 12 Glossary apartheid (n.)
, 11–13 马其顿 (南斯拉夫), 14 曼德拉, 纳尔逊, 8–10 全国有色人种协进会, 11, 12 词汇种族隔离 (n.
a policy in South Africa that discriminated against people who were not white (p.
南非的一项歧视非白人的政策(p.
8) boycott (v.)
8)抵制(五.
to refuse to take part in something in order to make a point (p.
拒绝参与某事,以说明问题(p.
12) caste system (n.)
12) 种姓制度 (n.
a rigid system of social position based on birth and profession, especially common in India (p.
基于出生和职业的僵硬的社会地位制度,特别是在印度(p.
7) concessions (n.)
7) 出让地 (n.
allowing something that ordinarily would not be allowed (p.
允许通常不允许的东西(p.
6) congregation (n.)
6)会众 (n.
a group of people gathered together for church (p.
一群人聚集在一起参加教堂(p.
11) discrimination (n.)
11) 歧视(n.)
treating people unfairly (p.
对人的不公平待遇(p.
11) leprosy (n.)
11)麻风病(n.
a disease affecting skin, nerves, and muscles (p.
影响皮肤、神经和肌肉的疾病(p.
15) mediation (n.)
15)调解 (n.
settling differences between people or groups of people (p.
解决人民或群体之间的分歧(第5页)
20) prejudice (n.)
20) 偏见(n.)
a fixed and unfair opinion about someone because of their race (p.
由于种族原因,对某人持有固定而不公平的看法(p.
5) sari (n.)
5）纱丽（名词）
a long piece of cloth wrapped around the body (p.
将一长块布包裹在身体上(p.
15) segregated (adj.)
15) 隔离(adj.)
divided along racial lines (p.
按种族划分(p.
11) Nobel Peace Prize, 4, 7, 13, 15, 18 nonviolent (nonviolence), 6, 7, 11, 13 Northern Ireland, 16 Peace People, 17 peer mediation, 20–22 poverty, 14, 18 prison (jail), 6, 9 race(s), 8, 10 segregation, 11-13 South Africa, 5, 8–10 Teresa, Mother, 14, 15 untouchables, 7 violence, 6, 16–18 Williams, Betty, 16–18 Explore More On the Internet use www.
11)诺贝尔和平奖,4,7,13,15,18非暴力(非暴力),6,7,11,13北爱尔兰,16和平人民,17同龄调解,20-22贫穷,14,18监狱(监狱),6,9种族(s),8,10隔离,11-13南非,5,8-10特蕾莎,母亲,14,15可接触者,7暴力,6,16-18威廉姆斯,贝蒂,16-18探索更多. 互联网上使用www.
google.
Google (英语).
com to find out more about topics presented in this book.
了解更多本书中介绍的主题
Use terms from the text, or try searching for glossary or index words.
使用文本中的术语,或者尝试搜索词汇或索引词.
Some searches to try: Gandhi, Nobel Peace Prize, or peer mediation programs.
一些探索尝试:甘地,诺贝尔和平奖,或同行调解方案.