Great City Fires
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
内容简介。
4 The Fire of Rome.
4 罗马之火。
6 Great Fire of London.
6"伦敦大火".
9 Chicago Fire.
9"芝加哥之火".
14 Conclusion.
14 结论。
20 Fire Safety Tips.
20消防安全提示.
21 Glossary.
21 词汇表。
24 Introduction Thousands of years ago, people discovered how to use fire to keep themselves warm and cook their food.
导言 数千年前,人们发现如何用火来保暖并做饭.
But since that time, fire has occasionally escaped our control and ravaged our homes and cities.
但从那时起,火偶尔会逃脱我们的控制并蹂躏我们的家园和城市.
Arsonists—people who set fires on purpose—kill hundreds of people and cause millions of dollars in property damage each year.
纵火者——故意放火的人——每年杀害数百人并造成数百万美元的财产破坏。
People have used fire as a weapon, from burning parts of Jerusalem during the Crusades to firebombing German cities during World War II.
人们用火来作武器,从十字军东征期间烧毁了耶路撒冷部分地区到二战期间对德国城市进行轰炸.
But most city fires, large or small, are caused by human accidents and unsafe conditions.
但大多数城市火灾,无论大小,都是由人命事故和不安全条件所造成.
Fire can be both useful and dangerous.
火既有用又危险
Unfortunately, misfortune is often the best teacher.
不幸的是,不幸往往是最好的老师。
Victims of city fires became aware of the need for fire safety, fire prevention, and firefighting only after the flames were out.
城市火灾的受害者只有在火焰熄灭后才意识到消防安全、防火和消防的必要性。
After a great fire in ancient Egypt, the Egyptians invented a water pump and organized bucket brigades in which volunteers passed buckets of water down a line of people to the fire.
在古埃及发生大火后,埃及人发明了水泵并组织了水桶旅,志愿者们将水桶从一行人流到火上.
Terrible fires in Rome, London, and Chicago caused great destruction, yet they resulted in new ways to prevent and fight fires.
罗马,伦敦和芝加哥的可怕火灾造成了巨大的破坏,然而却导致了新的来预防和扑灭火灾的方法.
The Fire of Rome In ad 64, life in Rome had both the good and the not-so-good aspects of a big city.
罗马之火 在广告64中,罗马的生活既包括一个大城市的好,也包括不太好的方面.
One could visit libraries, art galleries, and markets.
可以参观图书馆、美术馆和市场。
Citizens could attend chariot races at the Circus Maximus, Rome’s stadium, which could hold more people than most modern football stadiums.
公民可以参加罗马体育场马克西穆斯马戏团的赛车比赛,比起大多数现代足球场,可以容纳更多的人.
The rich had indoor plumbing and comfortable, spacious homes, but most of Rome’s citizens, who numbered more than a million, lived in cramped, stuffy apartment buildings up to six stories tall.
富人有室内管线和舒适,宽敞的住宅,但大多数罗马公民,人数超过一百万,住在拥挤的公寓楼中,高达六层楼。
Everyone in these poorly made, flammable wooden buildings shared a first-floor bathroom and used open flames for cooking and for light.
在这些制作不良,可燃的木制建筑中,每个人都共用一楼一楼的浴室,并用开放的火焰来做饭和取光.
During the summer of ad 64, the heat in Rome was horrible, everything was dry, and fires in the city were common.
在广告64的夏天,罗马的热量是可怕的,一切都是干燥的,而城市的火灾是常见的.
On July 19, a fire started in one of the shops near the Circus Maximus.
7月19日,马克西穆斯马戏团附近的一家商店起火.
Aided by warm breezes, it spread through the marketplace, parts of the stadium, and neighboring homes.
在温暖的微风帮助下,它蔓延到市场,体育场的部分地区和相邻的住宅.
The Roman firemen did their best with hand pumps and leather hoses, but the fire advanced too quickly, and panicked crowds and unruly mobs got in their way.
罗马消防员用手泵和皮管尽了最大的努力,但火势推进得太快,惊慌失措的人群和不守规矩的暴徒挡了道.
That summer, Emperor Nero had retreated to his coastal home because of the heat, but he The Egyptians developed ways to fight fires, but only after a destructive fire occurred.
当年夏天,尼禄皇帝已经因为炎热而退入了自己的沿海家园,但他的埃及人发展出灭火的方法,但只是在一场破坏性火灾发生后.
returned to Rome to supervise the firefighting.
回到罗马监督消防工作
Bucket brigades started, and people created firebreaks, or areas in the path of the fire that were cleared of anything that could burn.
巴克特旅开始,人们制造出火灾,或者在火灾的道路上清除出任何可能起火的地方.
The fire stopped and started several times over nine days, but finally, a combination of firebreaks and plain good luck brought the fire to an end.
这起火灾在9天的时间里停了下来并多次起火,但最后,由起火和普通的好运气相结合,火势得以平息.
Thousands had lost their homes and livelihoods, and no one knows for sure how many died.
成千上万人失去了家园和生计,没有人知道有多少人死亡。
Nero organized efforts to help the homeless by creating temporary shelters in his own gardens and in public buildings and parks.
Nero组织努力帮助无家可归者,在自己的花园以及公共建筑和公园中设立临时收容所。
Extra supplies of food arrived from outside Rome, and Nero ordered merchants to lower the price of grain.
额外的粮食供应从罗马以外运来,尼禄命令商人降低谷物的价格.
Despite all his efforts, many Romans believed that Nero had started the fire in order to rebuild the city in honor of himself.
尽管他付出了种种努力,许多罗马人相信尼禄为了重建城市以纪念自己而起火.
To avoid being blamed, he led people to believe that Christians had set the fire, and this was used as an excuse to persecute, or mistreat, the Christians.
为了避免被指责,他引导人们相信基督徒放火了,这被用作迫害或虐待基督徒的借口.
The Romans did learn from the fire.
罗马人确实从火中吸取了教训.
They made sure a large supply of water would always be close by, constructed new buildings from stone instead of wood, and even filled in marshy areas with burned debris.
他们确保大量供水总是在附近,用石头而不是木头建造了新的建筑物,甚至填满了被烧毁的碎片的沼泽地。
A new city with wider streets and safer homes took the place of the old.
一个拥有更宽阔街道和更安全家园的新城市取代了旧城市.
Roman citizens panic as their homes and temples burn.
罗马公民惊慌失措,因为家园和寺庙被烧毁.
Emperor Nero Do You Know?
尼禄皇帝你知道吗?
Roman schools taught students to read and write Latin and Greek.
罗马学校教学生读写拉丁文和希腊文.
One Latin word students learned is flamma, one of many Latin words for fire.
所学的一个拉丁语单词是flamma(英语:flamma (flamma)),是许多拉丁语中用于取火的单词之一.
Some English words that come from the word flamma include flame and flammable.
一些出自"framma"一词的英文单词包括了火焰和可燃性.
Great Fire of London Sixteen hundred years later, people in other parts of the world hadn’t made much progress in improving daily life or preventing fires.
16世纪后, 伦敦大火, 世界其他地方的人们在改善日常生活或预防火灾方面没有取得多大进展。
In London in 1666, people dumped garbage in the streets and considered bathing unimportant.
1666年在伦敦,人们将垃圾倒入街头,认为洗澡不重要.
Rats carrying bubonic plague infested most buildings, and their fleas spread the disease by biting people.
老鼠携带发作鼠瘟疫侵袭了大部分建筑,而它们的跳蚤通过咬人来传播疾病.
Thousands had died from the plague in the years before the fire.
在火灾发生前的几年里,成千上万的人死于瘟疫。
Wooden buildings with thatched roofs had been placed so close together that the upper stories jutted out over the narrow streets, almost touching.
木头建筑的屋顶被放在一起 上面的故事在狭窄的街道上流出 几乎触动人心
Still, living in London must have been exciting.
不过,住在伦敦一定很刺激
A person might get a glimpse of the king, Charles II, riding through town, see a good play, or relax in a coffeehouse among local celebrities.
一个人可能会一窥国王,查理二世,骑马穿城而过,看到一出好戏,或者在当地名人中在咖啡馆中放松.
For a few pennies, one could buy a fresh, warm roll at the shop of Thomas Farynor, the king’s baker, in Pudding Lane.
在普丁巷的国王面包师托马斯·法里诺(Thomas Farynor)的店里,
On the evening of September 1, 1666, Thomas Farynor had finished work and put out the cook fires.
1666年9月1日晚,托马斯·法里诺尔(英语:Thomas Farynor)完成了工作并扑灭了厨师之火.
Or so he thought!
还是他这么想的!
Around one in the morning, a spark from one of the ovens landed on a woodpile and set it ablaze.
大约早上,一个烤箱的火花 落在了木上,点起火来。
Thomas awoke to the cry of “Fire!”
托马斯惊醒了“火!”的呼喊。
His family and servants tried to leave the house, but clouds of smoke came up the stairs.
他的家人和仆人试图出门,但烟雾从楼梯上冲上.
They climbed out an attic window and jumped across to the roof next door.
他们爬出一扇阁楼窗户,跳到隔壁的屋顶.
Neighbors grabbed buckets from a nearby building and tried to put the fire out, but it was soon out of control.
邻居从附近的一栋建筑上取出桶来,想灭火,但很快就失控了.
Many picked up what they could carry and took their families to safety.
许多人拿起他们可以携带的东西,把他们的家人带到安全的地方。
Yet the fire still could have been stopped, or at least slowed.
然而,火仍然可以被阻止,或者至少减缓.
A fire hook, a long pole, could have pulled building material out of the fire’s path to make a firebreak.
火钩,一根长杆,可以把建材从火道上拉出来进行起火.
However, Mayor Thomas Bludworth didn’t think the fire was serious enough for such drastic action, and so the fire continued to spread.
然而,市长托马斯·布卢德沃斯(Thomas Bludworth)认为大火不够严重,无法采取如此激烈的行动,因此大火继续蔓延.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Have you ever kept a diary?
你保留过日记吗?
Samuel Pepys (peeps) lived in London and survived both the plague and the Great Fire.
塞缪尔·佩皮斯(英语:Samuel Pepys (peeps))住在伦敦并同时活了瘟疫和大火.
He is remembered as one of the world’s greatest diary keepers.
人们记得他是世界上最伟大的日记保存者之一。
Because of his diaries, we know a lot about the 17th century in England.
由于他的日记,我们在英国对17世纪了解甚多.
You can find his diary in the library, and parts of it are on the Internet.
你可以在图书馆里找到他的日记, 并且有一部分在互联网上。
You might enjoy reading it and learning about what life was like in London hundreds of years ago.
你也许喜欢阅读它 并学习 生活是什么样子 在伦敦数百年前。
The roar of the flames and wind must have terrified those fleeing the fire.
火焰和风的咆哮 一定吓坏了那些逃出大火的人
The fire reached warehouses full of rope, paper, and other flammable products.
火烧到满是绳子、纸张和其他可燃产品的仓库。
A maid alerted Samuel Pepys, a government official, to the spreading fire, and the alarmed Pepys sped off to tell the king.
一名女佣提醒政府官员塞缪尔·佩皮斯(Samuel Pepys)注意蔓延的火势,而惊恐的佩皮斯也跑去告诉国王.
King Charles sent soldiers and militiamen to fight the fire, and he set up “fire posts” with food, water, and equipment.
查尔斯国王派遣了士兵和民兵去灭火,他用食物,水和装备建立了"火哨".
Trained militiamen gathered at these posts to help out.
训练有素的民兵聚集在这些哨所帮助。
Charles put the Duke of York in charge of the fire-fighting effort.
查尔斯让约克公爵负责消防工作.
The duke and his men created firebreaks by pulling down houses in the path of the fire and using gunpowder to blow up large buildings.
公爵和他的手下通过在起火道上取出房屋并用火药来炸毁大型建筑来制造了起火.
Finally, the fire burned out and stopped.
最后,大火被烧毁并停止.
Records state that only nine people died in the fire, including one of Thomas Farynor’s maids, but the number is probably much higher.
记录指出,只有9人死于火灾,其中包括托马斯·法里诺的女仆之一,但人数可能要高得多.
Many Londoners were left homeless and jobless, and 80 percent of the city had been destroyed—including 87 churches and more than 13,000 homes.
许多伦敦人无家可归并失业,80%的城市被摧毁——包括87所教堂和13 000多所住房。
Tent cities sprang up where refugees of the fire had gathered.
帐篷城市涌现出大火后难民聚集的地方.
Organized charity, such as the Red Cross, didn’t yet exist, so people relied on family, neighbors, churches, and employers for help.
因此人们依靠家庭、邻居、教会和雇主寻求帮助。
Londoners rush to escape the fire.
伦敦人急于逃出大火.
Many medieval buildings in London were lost.
伦敦的许多中世纪建筑都丢失了.
King Charles put architects Christopher Wren and John Evelyn in charge of rebuilding the city.
查尔斯国王让建筑师克里斯托弗·伦和约翰·伊夫林负责重建这座城市.
These planners replaced wood with brick and built wider streets and more space between houses, but the rebuilding took years to complete.
这些规划者用砖来取而代之地取而代之,并建造了更宽阔的街道和房屋之间的更多空间,但重建历时数年才完成.
St.
圣会.
Paul’s Cathedral was not finished until 1712, 46 years after the fire.
保罗大教堂直到火灾后46年的1712年才完工.
New laws required businesses and property owners to keep the streets and walkways free of garbage.
新的法律要求企业和财产所有人使街道和走道没有垃圾。
But the fire was a terrible price to pay to improve the living habits of 100,000 Londoners.
但为了改善10万伦敦人的生活习惯,这场大火付出了可怕的代价.
Chicago Fire Chicago in the late 1800s really bustled.
芝加哥消防队在1800年代后期真的大败
Its stockyards, where livestock was slaughtered and processed into meat, supplied much of the nation with food.
其畜牧场被屠宰并加工成肉类,为全国多地提供食物.
Travelers crossing the country often stopped for a visit, and the city boasted fine restaurants and hotels, entertainment, big stores, and museums.
旅行者穿越该国时常停下来参观,而城市则夸大了精美的餐馆和酒店,娱乐,大商店和博物馆.
Families could visit one of the beaches along Lake Michigan or go to the stockyards to watch cattle coming in from the West.
家人可以参观密歇根湖一带的海滩,或者去畜牧场观看从西方来的牛.
The Thames River, flowing through London, was one of the few safe places.
流经伦敦的泰晤士河是为数不多的安全地之一.
Before the fire, Chicago was an enormous, booming city.
在起火前,芝加哥是一个巨大而繁荣的城市.
Like Rome and London, Chicago also had its share of slums—neighborhoods with poorly built wooden houses close together.
与罗马和伦敦一样,芝加哥也拥有贫民窟的一席之地——邻里连连连的木屋都建得很差.
Housing inspection was lax, and warehouses, not bound by fire codes, stored all kinds of flammable materials.
住房检查松懈,仓库不受消防条例的约束,储存了各种可燃材料。
However, Chicago did have a professional, though very overworked, fire department.
然而,芝加哥确实有一个专业的,虽然工作过重的消防部门.
The summer of 1871 had been one of the driest anyone could remember.
1871年的夏天是最干燥的 任何人都记得。
Only about 3.
只有三点左右
8 centimeters (1.
8厘米 一、导 言
5 in) of rain fell between the Fourth of July and early October.
5英寸) 从国庆节到10月初降下一阵雨.
Dead leaves dropped off dying trees, and firefighters became exhausted fighting the small fires that sprang up around the city.
枯叶从枯树上倒下,消防员在城外所起出的小火中疲惫不堪.
On the evening of October 8, 1871, a spark ignited the hay in Catherine O’Leary’s barn on De Koven Street.
1871年10月8日晚,德克文街的凯瑟琳·奥莱里谷仓的干草被点燃了火花.
Mrs.
夫人,请原谅
O’Leary made a modest living selling milk, and it was later suspected that a cow started the fire by kicking over a lamp, though this was never proven.
O'Leary做了一个温和的生活,卖牛奶,后来有人怀疑一头牛用脚踢过一盏灯来起火,尽管这从未被证实.
The fire should have been put out quickly, but that night the firefighters went to the wrong address, and the fire rapidly traveled to other buildings.
火本应该被迅速扑灭,但当晚消防员去错地址了,火后迅速前往其他建筑.
The winds that made Chicago famous as the “Windy City” helped spread the fire before anyone could stop it.
使芝加哥出名的"温地之城"被风吹起,帮助了火的蔓延,以免被任何人阻止.
Even the Chicago River, covered with an oily film, caught fire.
连被一出油片覆盖的芝加哥河也着了火.
Then the gasworks, the plant that pumped gas for heating and light, went up in flames.
之后,燃气厂,为取暖和取光而泵出燃气的工厂相继起火.
Travelers fled their hotels, and residents gathered their children.
旅行者逃离了旅馆,居民聚集了孩子.
Many headed toward Lake Michigan in hope of escaping, and bridges became overcrowded with fleeing people.
许多人向密歇根湖去去,希望能逃出,而桥梁也随着逃出的人而变得拥挤.
Hot cinders and sparks fell from the sky as the horrible noise of the fire mingled with the sound of church bells warning people in other parts of town.
火花和火花从天而降,因为火的可怕噪音与教堂的钟声相混合,警告了镇上其他地方的人。
The smoke was so thick that people could not see a block in front of them.
烟雾如此浓厚,人们无法看到前面的一块地.
Panicking people blocked many of Chicago’s bridges.
恐慌的人们封锁了芝加哥的许多桥梁。
Wind and fire combined to make a firestorm, or a super-heated wind that spreads flame wherever it blows.
风能和火能结合,形成一股起火的暴风,或者超热的风能在所吹出的地方散布出火焰.
Chunks of burning debris were picked up and flung down upon buildings holding oil, fabric, and kerosene—everything that would make the fire worse.
燃烧的碎片被捡起并倒向了持有油料、织物和煤油的建筑物,所有这些都会使火灾更严重。
Brave people, professional firefighters as well as citizens, stayed to battle the fire and rescue the helpless.
勇敢的人们,专业的消防员以及市民,留下来与大火战斗并营救无助者.
But the flames destroyed even the water-pumping station, blocking the efforts of the fire department.
但火焰摧毁了甚至水泵站,阻碍了消防部门的努力.
The luxurious hotels and the humble houses all fell into the flames as the fire burned for three days.
豪华的酒店和谦卑的房屋都倒入了火焰中,因为火烧了三天.
Buildings not already on fire were blown up to create firebreaks.
尚未起火的建筑物被炸毁,造成火灾。
Then on October 10, rain fell to help the firefighters extinguish the flames.
后于10月10日下起雨来帮助消防员扑灭火焰.
The fire finally ended.
火势终于结束.
Though everyone was relieved, they soon realized their loss.
虽然大家都松了口气,但他们很快意识到了自己的损失.
About 300 people had died; others remained missing.
大约300人已经死亡;其他人仍然失踪。
People’s homes, possessions, and workplaces were gone, dust and ash still filled the air, and areas of the city remained too hot to enter.
人们的家、财物和工作场所都不见了,尘埃和灰烬仍然充斥着空气,城市的部分地区仍然炎热,无法进入。
Federal troops, commanded by General Philip Sheridan, arrived to prevent looting.
由菲利普·谢里丹(英语:Philip Sheridan)将军所指挥的联邦部队赶来防止被劫.
People sent supplies and volunteers to Chicago, and the fortunate survivors collected food and clothing for the homeless.
人们向芝加哥运送了补给和志愿者,幸运的幸存者为无家可归者收集了食物和衣服.
The Chicago Relief and Aid Society opened homeless shelters and later provided materials for the building of small temporary houses.
芝加哥救济和援助会开设了无家可归的收容所,后为建造小型临时住房提供材料.
Business owners set up tables or carts and got back to work, and while many left the city as soon as possible, most stayed to rebuild.
企业主设置了桌子或推车并回到了工作,虽然许多人尽快出城,但大部分人留下来重建.
The rebuilding went rather slowly.
重建进展相当缓慢。
People resisted making changes that would prevent another fire, but gradually they realized the need for stricter building and fire-prevention rules.
人们抵制进行会防止再起火灾的改变,但逐渐意识到需要更严格的建筑和防火规则.
They built safer housing, and officials improved the fire department.
他们建造了更安全的住房,官员改进了消防部门.
Again, people had learned a hard lesson.
人们再次吸取了艰难的教训。
A bird’s-eye view shows the size of the Chicago fire.
鸟眼的视野显示芝加哥大火的规模。
Conclusion Today, we are lucky to live in a time when fire safety is given great importance.
今天,我们很幸运地生活在消防安全受到高度重视的时代。
Every area of the country has strict fire codes, and professional and volunteer fire departments train in fire prevention, firefighting, and lifesaving techniques.
全国各地区都有严格的消防法规,专业消防部门和志愿者消防部门要开展防火,消防,救生等技术培训.
Buildings have fire alarms and sprinkler systems, and firewalls are built between houses.
建筑物有火警和喷洒系统,房屋之间建有防火墙.
People learn from schools and the media what to do to prevent fires and how to plan for emergencies.
人们向学校和媒体学习如何预防火灾以及如何规划紧急情况。
Even with all this effort, terrible fires still occur.
即使付出了这么多努力,仍然会发生可怕的火灾。
But because of modern fire prevention and firefighting, we hope to never see fires like the ones of Rome, London, and Chicago ever again.
但是,由于现代防火和消防,我们希望永远不再看到像罗马,伦敦和芝加哥那样的火灾.
Today, even very small towns have well-equipped fire departments.
今天,即使是非常小的城镇也有装备精良的消防部门.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
On the very same night as the Chicago fire, an even more destructive fire raged through the town of Peshtigo, Wisconsin.
就在芝加哥大火的同一晚 威斯康星州佩斯提戈镇发生了更严重的火灾
That summer, Peshtigo and the surrounding towns suffered through the same drought as Chicago.
当年夏天,佩什蒂戈和周边城镇遭受了与芝加哥相同的干旱.
Forests had been cleared from the land by farmers and railroad workers.
农民和铁路工人清除了土地上的森林。
The resulting piles of dry wood and leaves had simply been left on the ground.
由此产生的干木和树叶堆积在地上。
On the night of October 8, an enormous firestorm engulfed the entire region.
10月8日晚,一场巨大的大火席卷了整个地区.
Townspeople felt the ground shaking as tornado-force winds drove a wall of fire toward the town.
当龙卷风把一堵火墙冲向镇上时,镇民们感到地上摇晃.
In less than one hour, the entire town had vanished, leaving 800 of its 1,700 citizens dead.
不到一个小时,整个城镇就消失了,使1 700名公民中的800人死亡。
An estimated 1,200 people died in the forest fire, which leapt across Green Bay and burned parts of Michigan as well.
估计有1200人死于森林大火中,森林大火跳过绿湾并烧毁了密歇根州的部分地区.
It is one of the deadliest natural disasters in U.
这是U最致命的自然灾害之一。
S.
师曰.
history.
历史
Those who survived bore terrible physical and mental scars.
那些幸存下来的人留下了可怕的身心创伤。
But the Peshtigo fire has almost been forgotten because it happened to take place on the same night as the more famous, but less deadly, Chicago fire.
但"佩什蒂戈之火"几乎被遗忘了,因为它恰好与更出名但更致命的"芝加哥之火"发生在同一个晚上.
Photos of the ruins of Chicago made front-page news across the country.
芝加哥废墟的照片在全国创下头条新闻.
Fire Safety Tips Almost two million fires are reported in the United States every year.
消防安全提示 美国每年报告的火灾近200万起.
Fires can be deadly, so always follow these fire safety tips: • Never play with matches, lighters, or flammable materials such as gasoline.
火灾可能是致命的,所以始终遵循这些消防安全提示: • 永远不要玩火柴,打火机,或汽油等可燃材料.
• Don’t cook or use the stove unless you Fire Safety Tips Almost two million fires are reported in the United States every year.
• 支助 不做饭或使用炉子,除非您有消防安全提示 美国每年报告的火灾近200万起.
Fires can be deadly, so always follow these fire safety tips: • Never play with matches, lighters, or flammable materials such as gasoline.
火灾可能是致命的,所以始终遵循这些消防安全提示: • 永远不要玩火柴,打火机,或汽油等可燃材料.
have permission and adult supervision.
获得许可和成人监督。
clothes, over lamps, radiators, or heaters.
衣服、灯光、散热器或发热器。
They could quickly catch fire.
他们很快会着火的
and replace the batteries at least once a year.
并且每年至少更换一次电池。
your home.
產
or a window with a safe escape ladder.
或者有安全逃生梯的窗户
Plan an easy-to-find meeting place a safe distance from the building, and put someone in charge of counting your family members to make sure you’re all safe.
计划一个容易找到的会面地点,
Assign another family member to go to a neighbor’s house to call 911.
指派另一家人到邻居家打911。
Make sure to practice your fire escape plan with your family.
一定要和家人一起练习防火出击计划
Knowing what to do in case of a fire will save time during an emergency, and it may save your life.
当发生火灾时,知道该怎么做,会节省紧急情况下的时间,并可能拯救你的生命.
have permission and adult supervision.
获得许可和成人监督。
clothes, over lamps, radiators, or heaters.
衣服、灯光、散热器或发热器。
They could quickly catch fire.
他们很快会着火的
smoke detector on every floor of your home.
你家每层楼都有烟雾探测器
Glossary bucket brigades lines of people who pass buckets from one to the other from a water source to a fire (p.
词汇桶大队排行,从一个自来自来自来自来自去自来自去自来自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自来自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自去自来自来自来自来自自来自自自来自来自自来自来自来自自来自自自自自自自自来自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自自
5) firebreaks areas that have been cleared of fuel and flammable material (p.
(5)已清除燃料和可燃材料的火灾区(p.
7) fire hook long, heavy hook used to pull down structures and create a firebreak (p.
7) 火钩长而重的被子用来拉倒结构并产生起火(p.
10) firestorm a super-heated wind that carries fire over a large area (p.
10) 起火暴出一股超热风能携带火力过大面积(p.
17) gasworks factory that processes and pumps fuel (p.
17) 加工和泵取燃料的燃气厂(p.
16) lax relaxed; not strict (p.
16)放松;不严格 (p.
15) looting widespread robbing (p.
15)抢劫大范围抢劫(p.
17) militiamen a group of volunteers that performs police duties (p.
17) 民兵 一支执行警察职责的志愿者队伍(p.
11) persecute to mistreat a specific group (p.
11) 迫害虐待特定群体(p.
8) refugees people who flee troubles, but with no place to go (p.
8) 逃离麻烦而无地可去的难民(p.
12) slums poor, crowded areas of a city (p.
12) 贫民区,一城市的拥挤地区(p.
15) stockyards place where livestock is slaughtered and processed into meat (p.
15)畜禽屠宰地并加工成肉类(p.
14) thatched roofs roofs made of straw (p.
14)用秸秆制成的机顶(p.
9) unruly hard to control; disobedient (p.
9) 难以控制;不服从(p.
6) In case there is a fire in your home, follow these rules to get you and your family out safely and quickly: • Get out as quickly as you can and go to your designated meeting place.
(6) 如果家里发生火灾,请遵守这些规则,迅速安全地将你和你的家人救出: 越快越好 去指定地点
Do not stop to get your things, no matter how valuable they are.
别停下来拿你的东西 不管它们有多值钱
Objects can be replaced.
对象可以被替换.
You cannot!
你不能这样!
pass.
通过。
around your mouth as a mask.
戴着面具
reason.
原因,我说
cloth to help put the fire out.
来帮忙灭火的布.