Arachnids
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents A Heavy Giant!
内容表 A重巨人!
4 The Biggest Tarantula.
4 大通塔兰图拉.
5 Life in the Hot, Humid Tropics.
5 在炎热,湿润热带的生活.
9 A Powerful Predator.
9 一个强大的捕食者。
10 Hawks, Owls, and Wasps, Oh My!
10只鹰,猫头鹰,和黄蜂,哦我的!
12 Spider Life Cycle.
12"蜘蛛生命循环".
14 What Spiders Teach Us.
14 蜘蛛教我们的东西。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 A Heavy Giant!
16个重巨人!
If spiders give you the creeps, you’ll probably want to stay away from the Goliath bird-eating spider.
如果蜘蛛让你毛骨悚然,你可能会想远离高丽吃鸟的蜘蛛。
Named by early explorers who reported seeing a Goliath spider eat a hummingbird, these fierce predators are among the largest spiders in the world.
由早期的探险家所命名,他们报告说看到一只高丽蜘蛛吃一只蜂鸟,这些凶猛的掠食者是世界上最大的蜘蛛.
Their fangs, which measure 0.
他们的尖牙,用来测量 零点。
75 inches (2 cm) in length, deliver powerful venom that paralyzes their prey.
长度为75英寸(2厘米),可放出能令猎物瘫痪的强力毒液.
Understandably, some people might be a little unnerved by such a giant spider, but Goliath spiders are actually far less dangerous to humans than they are to mice, other small mammals, or insects.
可以理解的是,有些人可能对这种巨大的蜘蛛有些不敏感,但是高丽蜘蛛对人类的危害实际上远远小于对小鼠,其他小型哺乳动物,或昆虫的危害.
Whether you think they are fascinating or completely horrifying, there’s no denying that Goliath bird-eating spiders are huge and unusual arachnids.
无论你认为它们迷人还是完全恐怖,
How Big Is It?
这么大?
The Biggest Tarantula Tarantulas are an enormous group of spiders—about nine hundred different types of tarantulas have been identified.
最伟大的塔兰图拉 塔兰图拉是一大群蜘蛛——已经发现了大约九百种不同的蛛类.
They live in rainforests, deserts, grasslands, and mountains in the United States, Central America, Africa, Asia, Europe, and Australia.
分布于美国,中美洲,非洲,亚洲,欧洲和澳大利亚等地,常栖息于雨林,沙漠,草地和山区.
Bird-eating spiders, also known as Goliath bird-eating spiders or Goliath tarantulas, are the largest tarantulas in the world.
吃鸟蛛(学名:Goliath elections)又名吃鸟蛛或吃鸟蛛,是世界上最大的蛛类动物.
Like many other arachnids, they have eight eyes, eight legs, and two main body sections.
和许多其他的arachnid一样,它们有8个眼睛,8个腿和2个主要的身体部分.
In the front section, the head and neck combine to form the cephalothorax, where the mouth, stomach, and brain are located.
在前部,头部和颈部会结合形成脑膜,即口腔,胃和脑部所处地.
The legs also connect to this part of the body.
腿也与身体的这一部分相接.
The abdomen, or hind section of the spider’s body, houses the spider’s silk-making glands, called spinnerets.
腹部,或称蜘蛛身体后部部分,是蜘蛛丝制成的腺体所居地,被称作"自旋".
All spiders have • eight legs • jaws with fangs (most spiders make venom) • glands that make silk • a tough, protective outer skeleton • eyes (most have eight eyes) • sensory hairs on their bodies Legs attach to the cephalothorax.
所有蜘蛛有八条腿; 有尖牙的下巴(大多数蜘蛛会弄出毒液); 使丝绸成为坚韧而有保护作用的外骨架的腺体; 眼睛(大多数有八只眼睛) 身上有感应发. 腿附着在脑震荡上
The abdomen contains the silk glands.
腹部有丝腺.
The cephalothorax contains the brain, eyes, fangs, mouth, and stomach.
脑震荡包含大脑,眼睛,牙齿,口腔和胃部.
What Makes a Goliath Bird-eating Spider a Spider?
是什么让一个高丽鸟吃蜘蛛成蜘蛛?
Most spiders inject venom into their prey with their fangs.
大多数蜘蛛会用尖牙将毒液注入猎物体内.
Goliaths sometimes have a golden color in places, which accounts for their scientific name, blondi.
高丽人有时会在一些地方有出自"金色"的色彩,这代表了他们的科学名"金发".
Goliath tarantulas are mainly covered in coffee- colored hairs, with some parts of their body light tan or reddish in color and other parts darker brown.
高丽地蛛主要被咖啡-有色发所覆盖,部分身体有浅褐色或红色的颜色,而其他部分更深棕色.
Their long legs are mainly covered with dark brown hairs.
它们的长腿主要被深棕色的毛被所覆盖.
Compared to most other spiders, Goliaths are truly mammoth, weighing more than any other spider on the planet.
与大多数其他蜘蛛相比,高丽是真正的猛虎,比地球上任何其他蜘蛛都重.
They can weigh up to 6 ounces (170 g), about the weight of a large apple.
它们可重达6盎司(170克),大约为一大苹果所重.
When extended, their legs span almost 1 foot (30 cm) in diameter—nearly the size of a dinner plate.
他们的腿伸长后,直径近一英尺(30厘米),接近餐盘的大小。
Even though they have eight eyes, Goliath spiders have very poor eyesight.
虽然有8只眼睛,但高丽蜘蛛的视力非常差.
They can sense differences in levels of light but can’t really use their vision to zero in on fine details in the world around them.
他们可以感知到光线水平的差异,
Instead of actually seeing prey, special hairs that cover spiders enable them to sense movement.
与实际看到的猎物相反,覆盖蜘蛛的特殊毛发使得它们能够感知到运动.
The slightest vibrations on the ground or in the air are picked up by the hairs, which help spiders locate prey.
地上或空中微小的振动被毛被取出,会帮助蜘蛛找到猎物.
Goliath bird-eating spiders are part of the family of spiders known as hairy mygalomorphs.
高丽食鸟蛛(学名:Hythy mygalomorphs)为蜘蛛科食鸟蛛属下的一个种.
“Hairy” is a fitting description for Goliaths!
“Hairy”是对高丽人的恰当描述!
Mygalomorph is a scientific word that describes the orientation of fangs on these spiders.
Mygalomorph是一个科学词来描述这些蜘蛛上尖牙的取向.
They are a family of spiders that has been around for millions of years.
它们是几百万年来的蜘蛛家族。
Their more primitive jaws move up and down instead of side to side as most other spider jaws move, which means that the fangs pierce their victims in a downward direction.
它们的更原始的下巴会随着大多数其他蜘蛛下巴的移动而上下移动,而不是相向而下地移动,这意味着尖牙会将受害者打入向下的方向.
Mygalomorphs also have sensory appendages near their mouths called pedipalps, which help grab prey and pull it toward their mouth and fangs.
Mygalomorphs也有感官附生 在嘴附近 被叫作"食虫虫" 帮助抓取猎物 把它拉到嘴和牙尖上
Hairs are lighter in color at each leg “joint,” or knee.
每条腿上“联结”或膝盖的发色都较浅。
• Goliath bird-eating spiders have forty-eight “knees.”
• 高丽吃鸟蜘蛛有48个“膝盖”。 “
Each leg has six joints!
每条腿有六个关节!
• Some people in South America hunt Goliath spiders.
• 南美洲有些人猎取高丽蛛.
They either keep them as pets, or eat them.
要么把它们当作宠物,要么吃掉.
wasp or bee.
黄蜂还是黄蜂
Life in the Hot, Humid Tropics Goliath spiders live in hot, steamy, swampy sections in the rainforests of South America.
生活在炎热潮湿的热带高丽花蛛生活在南美洲雨林中炎热,蒸发,多沼泽地段.
Rainforests cover only about 6 to 7 percent of Earth, but this biome contains more than half of the plant and animal species in the world, including a variety of tropical spiders.
雨林只覆盖了地球约6%至7%的面积,但这个生物群包含了世界上一半以上的动植物物种,包括各种热带蜘蛛.
Goliaths are nocturnal creatures, spending daylight hours resting in their burrows.
高丽是夜行生物 白天在洞穴里休息
When they do venture out at night, they rarely travel beyond a few feet from home.
当他们晚上冒险出去时, 他们很少离开家几英尺。
They are solitary spiders, spending their time alone unless they are guarding their young or looking for a mate.
他们是孤独的蜘蛛,独自度过时间 除非他们正在守护自己的年轻或寻找伴侣。
A Powerful Predator Goliath spiders are skilled predators that attack many kinds of prey, including crickets, frogs, beetles, bats, mice, and other small animals.
有威力的捕食者歌利亚斯蜘蛛是能攻击多种猎物的熟练捕食者,包括板球,青蛙,甲虫,蝙蝠,小鼠等小型动物.
Although they sometimes eat a small bird, feathered creatures aren’t normally on their menu.
虽然它们有时会吃一只小鸟,
Goliath spiders live in underground burrows or in cavities under rocks.
高丽蜘蛛活在地底下的洞穴或岩石下的洞穴中.
Unlike many other spiders, they don’t spin webs, but they do spin silk and use it to line their burrow or make a silk mat that they strategically place at the entrance.
与其它许多蜘蛛不同, 它们不旋转网, 但它们会旋转丝绸,
When a mouse or other small creature crawls by the burrow, the vibrations of the animal’s movement on the silk mat are picked up by the spider’s sensitive hairs.
当一只老鼠或其他小生物从地窖爬来时,蛛丝垫上动物运动的振动被蜘蛛的敏感毛被接起.
In no time, the spider zips out of its burrow and makes the kill!
很快,蜘蛛会从洞穴里拉出拉链来杀人!
Like all spiders, tarantulas have fangs, and those of extra-large Goliaths are nearly an inch long—about half the length of a human thumb!
和所有的蜘蛛一样,狼有尖牙,而超大高丽的巨蜥有近一英寸的长-大约是人类拇指的一半长度!
When a mouse or other small creature gets close, a Goliath bird-eater pounces, grabs the prey with its legs, and uses its fangs to inject the animal with venom.
当老鼠或其他小生物接近时,高丽鸟食鸟者会出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出入出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出
The poison in the venom contains a toxin that attacks the nervous system of the prey, paralyzing and killing it.
毒液中含有一种毒素来攻击猎物的神经系统,使其瘫痪并杀死.
Goliath spiders will often drag their prey to their burrow or some other safe location to eat it.
高丽蜘蛛会经常将猎物拖去其地窖或其他安全地点吃.
Where Do Goliath Bird-Eating Spiders Live?
歌利亚吃鸟蜘蛛住在哪里?
The Goliath spider mouth is a short straw- shaped opening that can only suck, so all food must be in liquid form.
高丽蜘蛛口是短稻草形状的开口口,只能吸食,所以所有的食物必须以液态.
Unable to eat solid food, spiders spray strong digestive juices from openings near their fangs on the tissue of a paralyzed animal they’ve bitten.
蜘蛛无法吃固体食物,
These digestive juices dissolve the prey’s body tissue.
这些消化液会溶解猎物的身体组织.
A large tarantula can turn a mouse into a small pile of hair and bones in about thirty-six hours by breaking down the mouse tissue and sucking up the liquid remains.
大型的狼蛛可以在大约36小时内将一头老鼠通过分解出老鼠组织并吸取出液体残骸来将一头老鼠变成一堆毛发和骨头.
In addition to attacking with venom-filled fangs, Goliath spiders also defend themselves by rearing up on their hind legs to look more threatening or making a loud hissing sound by rubbing the hairs on their legs together—a behavior known as stridulation.
除了用充满毒液的尖牙来攻击外,高丽蜘蛛也通过在后腿上高举起更具有威胁性的外表来自我防御,或者通过一起擦去腿上的毛发来发出响亮的嘶嘶声——这个行为被称作"活活".
They can also shoot a cloud of stiff hairs at their attacker.
他们也可以向攻击者射出一团硬发.
These hairs have tiny hooks, or barbs, that can get into the eyes and throat of the predator, causing tremendous irritation.
这些发型有细小的钩子,或巴布,可以进入捕食者的眼睛和喉咙,引起巨大的刺激.
Scientists studying these spiders have often ended up with faces full of tiny hairs, stinging their eyes, skin, and throat.
研究这些蜘蛛的科学家们往往以满脸的细毛相接而成,刺伤了眼睛,皮肤和喉咙.
Hawks, Owls, and Wasps, Oh My!
鹰,猫头鹰,和黄蜂,哦我的!
Although Goliath bird-eating tarantulas are among the largest arachnids in the world, they do have to worry about predators.
虽然高丽食鸟蛛是世界上最大的 a类动物之一,但它们确实需要担心捕食者.
Hawks, owls, skunks, and snakes sometimes prey on these spiders, but one of their deadliest predators is an insect known as a spider wasp or tarantula hawk.
鹰,猫头鹰,臭鼬,和蛇有时会捕食到这些蜘蛛上来,但是它们最致命的捕食者之一是被称作蜘蛛黄蜂或狼蛛鹰的昆虫.
When a female wasp spies a tarantula, she stings it.
当一只雌性黄蜂监视一只狼时 她会刺它
The sting paralyzes the spider but doesn’t kill it.
刺痛会麻痹蜘蛛,
The wasp then digs a hole, places the paralyzed spider in it, and lays an egg on its abdomen.
后被黄蜂挖出洞来,将瘫痪的蜘蛛放入洞中,并放入它的腹部.
When the egg hatches, the wasp larva makes a tiny hole in the abdomen and then crawls in and starts feeding on the spider.
卵孵出后,黄蜂幼虫会把腹部打出一个小洞,然后爬入并开始以蜘蛛为食.
It saves the organs for last to keep the Goliath alive for as long as possible.
它保存器官为最后 使高丽人存活尽可能长。
A Goliath spider (left) assumes a defensive posture.
一只高丽蜘蛛(左)采取防御姿势.
A smaller tarantula is being dragged to its own burrow by a spider wasp (right).
一只更小的狼蛛被蜘蛛蜂(右)拖去自己的地窖.
A Goliath spider attacks its prey.
一只高丽蜘蛛攻击猎物
Goliaths are very aggressive predators.
高丽人是非常有侵略性的掠食者.
Tarantulas molt when they outgrow their harder outer covering, or exoskeleton.
塔兰图拉斯摩尔特,当他们 越出更坚固的外盖, 或外骨骼。
They literally leave their old skin behind as a new exoskeleton hardens underneath.
他们把旧的皮肤留下 当作新的外骨骼硬化剂
While they are molting, Goliath spiders are at their weakest and are most vulnerable to predators.
高丽蜘蛛在融化的同时处于最弱处并最容易受到捕食者伤害.
Adult Goliaths molt once or twice a year, but spiderlings, or young spiders, molt more often since they grow quickly.
成年高丽人每年有一到两次摩尔特,但蜘蛛人,或小蜘蛛,自长得很快后更会摩尔特.
Like many other types of spiders, Goliath tarantulas can regenerate lost or damaged appendages.
与许多其他类型的蜘蛛一样,高丽蛛可以再生丢失或被损坏的附属物.
This ability can come in handy if a predator grabs one of their legs during an attack.
如果在攻击中被掠食者抓住了一条腿,这种能力就能够发挥作用。
The leg breaks off, and the spider escapes with seven legs.
出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出
The lost leg can regenerate during the next molt.
失去的腿能再生出下个摩尔特.
Depending on when it happens, the “new” leg might be weaker than the others and may make the spider a little clumsier than it was in the past.
视其发生时间而定,"新"腿可能比其他腿更弱并可能使蜘蛛比过去更发光.
Spiders can also regenerate claws, sensory organs, and spinnerets.
蜘蛛还可以再生出爪子,感官器官,和回旋管.
A Honduran tarantula finishes its molt by pushing off the old skin.
洪都拉斯的一头狼通过推去老皮肤来完成它的齿轮.
A Goliath tarantula molts in much the same way.
一只高丽蛛蛛以同样的方式飞蛾
Goliath spider young are actually blue and black.
年轻的高丽蜘蛛其实是蓝色和黑色的.
They change color as they grow and molt.
它们会随着生长和变质而改变颜色.
Spider Life Cycle Female Goliath spiders have slightly shorter legs than males, but their bodies are larger.
蜘蛛生命周期雌性高丽蜘蛛的腿略短于雄性,但其身体较大.
Females also live much longer.
女性的寿命也更长。
Some females have survived more than twenty-five years in captivity, but males live fewer than ten.
一些女性在被囚禁中活了25年以上,而男性则不到10岁。
For reasons that scientists are still trying to understand, females often kill males during the mating process.
由于科学家仍在试图理解的原因,雌性在交配过程中往往会杀死雄性.
After mating, a female Goliath lays about fifty eggs in a silk egg sac and stores the sac in her burrow.
交配后,一女高丽人将大约50个鸡蛋放入丝蛋囊中并储存在她的地窖中.
While waiting for the eggs to hatch, she carries the sac with her when she’s out searching for food.
在等待卵孵出时,她带着圣囊出门寻找食物。
She guards the eggs until they hatch in about six to seven weeks.
她守护着这些鸡蛋,直到它们孵出大约六到七个星期.
The spiderlings stay under her watchful eye for a few weeks, until after their first molt.
蜘蛛在她眼皮底下呆了几个星期 直到它们第一次被软化之后
Then they’re on their own.
他们只能靠自己了。
What Spiders Teach Us Goliaths have been around for millions of years—and they haven’t changed much in all that time.
蜘蛛教了我们几百万年了,
Their sheer size has always fascinated people, from local folks to scientists to spider enthusiasts.
他们的大小总是让人着迷 从本地人到科学家 到蜘蛛爱好者
We’re continuing to learn about how these spiders regenerate limbs and how Goliath venom affects the nervous system of their prey.
我们继续了解这些蜘蛛如何再生四肢,以及高丽毒液如何影响猎物的神经系统。
Although the thought of one of these spiders crawling up your arm might terrify you, Goliath spiders, like all living things, play an important role in the ecological landscape where they live.
虽然这些蜘蛛中的一只爬上你的手臂的想法可能会吓到你,但歌利亚斯蜘蛛和所有活物一样,在它们所生活的生态地貌中扮演了重要的角色.
They not only help keep rodents, insects, and other species in check, but they also provide food for a number of predators.
它们不仅有助于使啮齿动物,昆虫,以及其他物种得到控制,而且还能为一些捕食者提供食物.
Learning about Goliath spiders and other living things in the rainforest helps us understand the relationships between species and the importance of protecting them and their environment.
在雨林中学习歌利亚斯蜘蛛和其他活物有助于我们理解物种之间的关系和保护物种及其环境的重要性.
If you’re ever in Goliath bird-eating spider territory, you might want to observe these giants from a distance.
如果你在歌利亚食用鸟类的蜘蛛领地, 你也许想从远处观察这些巨兽。
They’re huge, hairy, and may be scary, but they’re definitely one of the most interesting giants in the animal kingdom.
他们非常庞大,毛发繁多,可能很可怕,但他们绝对是动物王国中最有趣的巨人之一。
Glossary arachnids (n.)
词汇arachnids (n.).
members of a group of arthropods that have two body segments and eight legs; includes spiders and scorpions (p.
有2个体段和8个腿的节肢动物群的成员;包括蜘蛛和蝎子(p.
4) burrows (n.)
4) 洞穴 (n.
holes dug in the ground by an animal for use as a home (p.
被动物从地上挖出作为家用洞(p.
9) digestive (adj.)
9)消化(adj.
of or relating to the action of breaking down food for use by the body (p.
或与分解食物供身体使用的行动有关(第2页)。
11) irritation (n.)
11)刺激 (n.
the state of being annoyed, angry, or impatient; the condition of having discomfort in a body part (p.
- 身体部位不适的状况(p.
11) molt (v.)
11) 摩尔特(五.
to shed an outer covering such as skin, hair, feathers, or a shell before replacing it with a new layer (p.
以新层取而代之(p.
13) nervous the body system that gathers information from and responds to the senses, and affects thinking and behavior (p.
13) 紧张从感官收集信息并作出反应的身体系统,并会影响思维和行为(p.
10) paralyzes (v.)
10) 麻痹 (五.
causes one or more parts of a body to become unable to move (p.
导致身体的一个或多个部分无法移动(p.
4) regenerate (v.)
4)再生(五.
to produce or create again (p.
用于再次生产或创建(p.
13) silk (n.)
13)丝绸 (n.
strong threads made by a spider or silkworm (p.
由蜘蛛或丝虫(p.
5) venom (n.)
5) 有毒(n.
a poisonous fluid that some animals use to kill prey and defend themselves, usually delivered by biting or stinging (p.
一种有毒液体,一些动物用来杀死猎物并自卫,通常通过被咬或被刺来提供(p.
4) vibrations (n.)
4)振动(n.
trembling movements; small, rapid back-and-forth or side-to-side movements (p.
颤抖的动作;小而快的后向或侧向动作(p.
7) vulnerable (adj.)
7) 弱势(adj.)
able to be hurt easily (p.
易被伤害(p.
13) A female Goliath in Guyana, South America.
13)是南美洲圭亚那的一位女性高丽人.
system (n.)
(不详)