France
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Where Is It?
内容表在哪里?
............................... 4 People.................................... 6 Land..................................... 8 History.................................. 10 Celebrations.............................. 12 Food.................................... 13 Conclusion............................... 14 Glossary................................. 16 Where Is It?
页:1 4 人. . 6 地. 8 历史. 10 庆祝活动 12 粮. 13 结论。 14 词汇表. 16号在哪里?
Paris, the capital of France, is a city famous for its beautiful architecture, art, and historical landmarks. Millions of people visit Paris each year to see the Eiffel (EYE-ful) Tower, the Notre Dame (no-truh DAHM) Cathedral, and the Louvre (LOO-vruh) art museum, among other sites. A monument called the Arc de Triomphe (ARK du tree-OHMF) stands over one of the city’s main avenues, the Champs-Élysées (SHAHM-zay-lee- ZAY). The Seine (SEN) River runs through the city, and public parks and gardens are plentiful. More than ten million people live in Paris. The city is France’s center for both business and culture, and is known for its museums, concert halls, and fine restaurants. Over the years, many writers and artists have lived in Paris, taking advantage of its cultural and educational opportunities. It is also known for its fashion industry, which displays new styles of clothing every year at huge shows. People More than sixty-six million people live in France, with most people living in urban areas. Approximately 80 percent of people work in the service industries, and tourism is by far the largest service industry. In fact, France is the most-visited country in the world, with more than eighty-two million tourists each year. Some French people also work in factories that produce cars, machinery, aircraft, electronics, clothing, and other products. Some factories make chemicals and process food, and a large mining industry also provides jobs. Many French people often enjoy a slower pace of living compared to Americans. In fact, leisure time is so important that, in 2000, the government reduced the number of hours that French employees work from 39 hours to 35 hours weekly. Companies must also provide their employees with at least five weeks of paid vacation per year. Tour de France For three weeks in July, France hosts the Tour de France, the most difficult bicycle race in the world.
法国首都巴黎是一座以美丽的建筑,艺术和历史地标而出名的城市. 每年有数百万人访问巴黎,参观艾菲尔(EYE-ful)塔,圣母院(no-truh DAHM)大教堂,卢浮宫(LOO-vruh)艺术博物馆等地. 这座城市的主要通道之一Champs-Élysées(SHAHM-zay-lee-ZAY)上竖立了一座被称作"树-OHMF"(Ark du triomphe-OHMF)的纪念碑. 塞纳河(SEN)流经市区,公共公园和花园繁多. 超过一千万人居住在巴黎. 该市是法国的商业和文化中心,以其博物馆,音乐厅和精美的餐厅而出名. 多年来,许多作家和艺术家都住在巴黎,利用了它的文化和教育机会. 它也以时尚业而出名,每年在大型演出中会展示出新的服装风格. 6600多万人居住在法国,大部分人居住在城市地区. 大约80%的人在服务业工作,旅游业是迄今为止最大的服务业。 事实上,法国是世界上游客最多的国家,每年有超过8200万游客. 一些法国人还在生产汽车,机械,飞机,电子,服装等产品的工厂工作. 一些工厂制造化学和加工食品,一个大型采矿业也提供就业机会. 许多法国人的生活速度往往比美国人慢. 事实上,休闲时间非常重要,以至于2000年,政府将法国雇员的工作时间从每周39小时减少到35小时. 公司还必须每年向雇员提供至少5周的带薪假期。 法国巡回赛(Tour de France)7月举办三周,是世界上最困难的自行车赛事.
People crowd along the streets to watch the cyclists as they cover thousands of miles of French terrain.
人们在街道上围观骑自行车的人,因为他们覆盖了数千英里的法国地形.
It is the country’s largest annual sporting event.
这是该国最大的年度体育活动。
Originally a fort, the Louvre became a museum in 1793.
最初是一个要塞,卢浮宫于1793年成为一座博物馆.
Although only about 4 percent of workers are farmers, France produces a large amount of agricultural products. More than half of the country’s land is used for farming, with the majority of farmers growing wheat, corn, and other grains. Farmers also grow sugar beets and potatoes, and raise dairy cattle for cheese and other dairy products. In some regions of France, farmers grow fruits such as apples, pears, and peaches in orchards, as well as wine grapes in vineyards. Many different groups have settled in France during its long history, so the French people have a mixed ancestry that includes Celts, Romans, Germans, Vikings, and North Africans. Most people in France are Christians, with about three out of every five people belonging to the Roman Catholic Church. Some Christians belong to Protestant churches, and a smaller percentage of people follow Islam or Judaism. The country’s main language is French, although people speak different dialects in several areas. Land France has hills, plains, rugged plateaus, towering mountains, beaches, and massifs, or older mountain blocks. Despite the wide variety of landforms, most of France is covered in flat plains and low, rolling hills. Several river systems flow through France. The Seine River runs through Paris and, along with smaller rivers, drains the Paris Basin, France’s largest lowland. The longest river in France is the Loire, flowing for 1,020 kilometers (634 mi.) and emptying into the Atlantic Ocean. France is famous for its many different types of wine.
虽然只有大约4%的工人是农民,但法国生产出大量的农产品. 全国有一半以上的土地用于耕作,大多数农民种植小麦,玉米等谷物. 农民还种植糖甜菜和马铃薯,并饲养奶牛取奶酪和其他乳制品. 在法国的一些地区,农民会种植苹果,梨花等水果,果园会放出桃子,葡萄园会放出葡萄酒. 许多不同的群体在其悠久的历史中都定居于法国,因此法国人有着混合的祖先,包括凯尔特人,罗马人,德意志人,维京人和北非人. 法国大部分人都是基督徒,每5人中大约有3人属于罗马天主教会. 一些基督徒属于新教教会,较少比例的人信奉伊斯兰教或犹太教. 全国主要语言为法语,虽然人们在几个地区会说不同的方言. 法国陆地有丘陵地,平原地,崎岖高原,高耸起的山地,海滩和弥撒地,或更古老的山地街区. 尽管地貌种类繁多,但法国大部分地区被平地平地所覆盖并有低地,滚动的丘陵. 几条河流系统流经法国. 塞纳河流经巴黎并连同更小的河流排出法国最大的低地巴黎盆地. 法国最长的河流是卢瓦尔河(Loire),通航了1,020公里(634 mi.)并空入大西洋. 法国以多种不同种类的葡萄酒出名.
Different types of wine are made from different types of grapes.
不同种类的葡萄酒由不同种类的葡萄酿成.
France includes five different mountain ranges. Most of these sit on its borders with other countries, forming a natural barrier. Part of the Alps, the largest mountain range in Europe, lies along the borders between France, Switzerland, and Italy. The highest mountain peak, Mont Blanc, is found in the French Alps. Another famous mountain range, the Pyrenees (PEER-uh-neez), lies along the border between France and Spain. A large, rugged plateau called the Massif Central spreads across about 86,000 square kilometers (33,200 sq. mi.) of France. The Massif Central includes an ancient mountain chain that has many extinct volcanoes and deep river gorges. In addition, beautiful beaches line the coasts of France, particularly along the Mediterranean Sea. Along the coast in northern France, impressive white chalk bluffs face the English Channel. History In ancient times, France was known as Gaul, and the people who lived there were called Celts. Around 50 bc, Gaul became part of the Roman Empire for nearly five hundred years. The Romans spread the Latin language throughout Gaul, and many Celts adopted Roman customs and ideas. By ad 400, the Roman Empire was quickly losing control of its regions. Neighboring tribes began invading Gaul, including the Germanic Franks. Around 486, the Franks took over Gaul and called it Regnum Francorum, which is Latin for “kingdom of the Franks,” or Francia for short. Eventually, Francia became France. For hundreds of years, several dynasties of Frankish kings ruled France. The first king, Clovis, followed the Christian religion, and he and his followers brought this religion to France. In 732, a king named Charles Martel kept France from being invaded by Muslim armies from Spain. Many people in France enjoy biking and hiking in the Massif Central.
法国包括了五个不同的山脉. 其中大多数人坐落在与其他国家的边界上,形成天然屏障. 阿尔卑斯山脉是欧洲最大的山脉,部分地处法国,瑞士和意大利接壤. 最高的山峰"勃朗峰"出自法国阿尔卑斯山. 另一座著名的山脉比利牛斯山脉(PEER-uh-neez)位于法国和西班牙的边界上. 一个被称作"Massif Central"(Massif Central)的大而崎岖的高地分布于法国约86,000平方千米(33,200 sq. mi.). 马西夫中央区包括了一座古老的山地链,它有许多已灭绝的火山和深河峡谷. 此外,美丽的海滩还连接了法国海岸,特别是地中海沿岸. 沿着法国北部的海岸,令人印象深刻的白色粉笔虚张声势地面对英吉利海峡. 历史 在古代,法国被称作"高卢"(Gaul),在那里居住的人们被称作"凯尔特人". 高卢约50bc左右成为了罗马帝国近500年的一部分. 罗马人将拉丁语传播到高卢各地,许多凯尔特人采纳了罗马的风俗和思想. 到了ad 400,罗马帝国迅速失去对其地区的控制. 相邻的部落开始入侵高卢,包括德意志法兰克人. 486年左右,法兰克人接管了高卢,并取名"法兰克"(Regnum Francorum),拉丁语为"法兰克人王国"(Kingdom of the Franks),或简称为"弗朗西亚"(Francia). 最终,弗朗西亚成为了法国. 数百年来,几个法兰克什王朝统治了法国. 第一位国王克洛维斯信奉基督教,他和他的追随者将这一宗教带到了法国. 732年,一位名叫查尔斯·马特尔(Charles Martel)的国王阻止了法国被来自西班牙的穆斯林军队入侵. 法国许多人在马西夫中央享受自行车和徒步旅行.
Charles the Great, or Charlemagne (SHAR-luh- mayn), became France’s first emperor in 800.
查尔斯大帝(Charles the Great),或称查理曼(SHAR-luh-mayn),于800年成为法国的第一位皇帝.
The Holy Roman Empire fell apart soon after he died in 814.
神圣的罗马 在他于814年去世后,帝国很快就瓦解了.
In the tenth century, France allowed groups of Vikings to settle in a small part of northern France, called Normandy. In 1066, the Normans, led by William the Conqueror, successfully took over England. This was the beginning of hundreds of years of rivalry and wars between England and France. Finally, in 1453, the French drove the English out of France. From the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries, France was ruled by kings who tried to increase the country’s power—and their own. However, these kings lived lavishly, spending France’s money on palaces, art schools, and other buildings. In 1789, the people rebelled, and the French Revolution began. France became a republic in 1792, although the next hundred years were full of turmoil as several dictators stepped in to rule the country. The French overthrew two more leaders, setting up new governments each time. Today, France is a republic with a strong democracy. Celebrations The French celebrate many different holidays. Many holidays are tied to Christianity and the Roman Catholic Church. On the first Sunday after New Year’s Day, many French celebrate Fête des Rois (FET DAY RWAH), or Three Kings’ Day. Bakeries sell round, flat pastries called galettes (gah-LETS). The galettes are filled with a paste made from butter and almonds. A small figurine is also baked inside the pastry, which comes with a cardboard crown. If you find the figurine in your portion, then you are crowned king or queen for the day. Another popular holiday is Bastille Day, which is held on July 14 and honors the day that the French Revolution began. On that day in 1789, French citizens stormed the Bastille, a prison in Paris, setting the prisoners free and taking control of the building. Today, French people celebrate their freedom with parades, speeches, and fireworks. Louis XIV One of France’s most famous kings was Louis XIV.
在10世纪,法国允许维京人的群体定居在法国北部的一小部分,称为"诺曼底". 1066年,以征服者威廉为首的诺曼人成功占领了英格兰. 这是英格兰和法国数百年的对峙和战争的开始. 最后,在1453年,法军将英军赶出了法国. 从15世纪到18世纪,法国被国王统治,国王试图增加国家的权力——以及自己的权力。 然而,这些国王却过着奢侈的生活,把法国的钱花在了宫殿,艺术学校等建筑上. 1789年,人民起义,法国大革命开始. 法国于1792年成为一个共和国,尽管随着几个独裁者介入统治国家,接下来的百年充满了动荡. 法国又推翻了两位领导人,每次都成立了新政府. 今天,法国是一个民主强大的共和国. 庆祝活动 法国人庆祝许多不同的节日. 许多节日都与基督教和罗马天主教会联系在一起. 在新年后的第一个星期天,许多法国人庆祝Fête des Rois(FET Day RWAH),即"三王"节. 面包店出售圆形的平面糕点,称为"花花"(gah-LETS). 花花被用黄油和杏仁做成的糊涂上. 小花果也由糕点内部烘烤而来,并带有纸板花冠. 如果你在你那部分找到花果 那你就是今天的王后 另一个受欢迎的假日是7月14日举行的"巴士底日"(Bastille Day)并纪念了法国大革命开始的那一天. 1789年的那一天,法国公民冲入了巴黎的监狱"巴士底"(Bastille),释放了囚犯并控制了大楼. 今天,法国人民通过游行、演讲和烟花来庆祝自由。 路易十四会议 法国最出名的国王之一是路易十四.
He ruled from 1643 to 1715, the longest a king has ever ruled in Europe.
他从1643年到1715年统治了欧洲,是一位国王在欧洲统治时间最长的.
His palace of Versailles (vehr-SEYE), near Paris, is a popular tourist site.
他在巴黎附近的凡尔赛宫(法语:Ver-SEYE)是一个受欢迎的旅游地.
Food France is famous for its food and cooking styles, and many French people consider good food one of life’s greatest pleasures. One type of French cooking that has become popular around the world is called haute cuisine (OHT kwih-ZEEN) which means “high cooking.” Meals cooked in this way usually include rich dishes made with butter, cream, eggs, and spices. Many French people also cook delicious, low-fat meals that use fresh ingredients. French people can buy meat at a butcher, or boucherie (boosh-REE). At a bakery, or boulangerie (boo-LAHN-zhuh-REE), people can buy bread baked in long thin loaves called baguettes. For dessert, the French sometimes eat crepes, which are very thin pancakes, and tarts, or small pies made with fruit or eggs. Conclusion France is a modern country with a long and fascinating history. The ancestry of its people reflects a history of invasions and warfare. Today, many of its people enjoy lives filled with good food, art, and other leisurely pursuits. France has become a country known throughout the world for its architecture, art, food, and culture. Beautiful cities, villages, castles, and vineyards dot its rolling hills, plains, and mountains. With its landmarks and rich history, it is no wonder France is the most visited country in the world. A wide variety of cheeses are sold by shopkeepers and outdoor vendors in France.
法国食品以其食物和烹饪风格而出名,许多法国人认为好食物是生命中最大的乐趣之一. 世界上流行的法国烹饪类型叫做"高烹饪"(OHT kwih-ZEEN),意为"高烹饪". 以这种方式烹饪的餐具通常包括用黄油,奶油,鸡蛋和香料制作的丰富的菜肴. 许多法国人还烹调了使用新鲜原料的美味而低脂的餐食. 法国人可以购买屠夫的肉类,也可以购买boucherie (boosh-REE). 在面包店,或者说boulangerie(boo-LAHN-zhuh-REE),人们可以购买被烤入被叫作"出袋"(baguettes)的长薄饼中的面包. 对于甜点,法国人有时会吃被非常薄薄的煎饼和花果,或者用水果或鸡蛋做成的小馅饼. 法国是一个具有悠久和迷人历史的现代国家。 其子民的出世反映了入侵和战争的历史. 今天,它的许多人民享受着充满了良好食物、艺术和其他休闲追求的生活。 法国已成为以建筑,艺术,食物和文化而闻名于全世界的国家. 美丽的城市,村庄,城堡,和葡萄园都点起它的滚滚的山丘,平原和山脉. 凭借其地标和丰富的历史,难怪法国是世界上访问次数最多的国家. 法国的店主和户外摊贩出售了各种各样的起司.
Some regions make their own unique types of cheese.
一些地区制作出自己独特的干酪.
Part of Normandy in northern France is called the Alabaster Coast because of its white cliffs.
法国北部诺曼底的一部分因其白崖被称作阿拉巴斯特海岸.
Source: Central Intelligence Agency (July 2014), World Bank Glossary architecture (n.)
资料来源:中央情报局(2014年7月),世界银行词汇结构(n.)
the design and construction of buildings (p. 5) basin (n.)
建筑物设计和建造(第5页)
a low area in the earth’s surface (p. 8) cathedral (n.)
地表低地(第8页)
a large church (p. 5) Celts (n.)
大型教堂(p. 5) 凯尔特语 (n.
people who lived in ancient Britain and Western Europe (p. 7) dialects (n.)
生活在古来不列颠和西欧(第7页)方言(n.
forms of language that are used in specific regions or by specific groups of people (p. 7) dynasties (n.)
特定区域或特定人群使用的语言形式(p. 7) 王朝 (n.
series of rulers in a country from the same families (p. 10) fashion (n.)
一个国家的统治者系列,来自同家族(第10页)时尚(n.
popular or current styles of clothing (p. 5) gorges (n.)
通俗或当前服装风格 (第5页) 峡谷 (n.
long, deep valleys surrounded by higher land (p. 9) massifs (n.)
被高地所包围的长而深的山谷(p. 9) 质量(n.
groups of older mountains that form one large shape (p. 8) tourism (n.)
形成一大形状(p. 8) 旅游业(n.
the business of providing services for people who travel to a place for pleasure (p. 6) Vikings (n.)
为前往游乐场所的人提供服务的业务(p. 6) 维京人 (n.
Scandinavian explorers, traders, and pirates who raided and settled much of northwestern Europe in the eighth to eleventh centuries (p. 7) vineyards (n.)
斯堪的纳维亚探险家,商人和海盗在8-11世纪突袭并定居了欧洲西北部的大部分地区(第7页)葡萄园(n.
fields where grapes are grown (p. 7) Population: 66,259,012 Land: 620,427 sq km (239,548 sq.
种植葡萄的田地(p. 7) 人口:66,259,012人 地:620,427平方千米 (239,548平方千米.
mi.)
(中文(简体) ).