Cricket
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Cricket Conquers the World!
内容表 Cricket征服了世界!
4 The History of Cricket.
4 板球历史.
5 Cricket Today.
(原始内容存档于2017-10-12). 5 Cricket Today.
7 How to Play Cricket.
7 如何玩板球游戏.
9 Heroes of the Oval.
9"奥华英雄".
13 Nice Match!
13个好火柴!
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 In cricket, a batter hits a ball with a large flat bat.
第 16 条 在板球中,击球手会用一个大平球打入一球.
The ball is about the same size as a baseball.
球的大小与棒球差不多.
Cricket Conquers the World!
板球征服了这个世界!
Cricket is one of the top five most popular sports in the world.
板球是世界五大最受欢迎的运动之一.
One source estimates that there are between two and three billion cricket fans worldwide.
一个来源估计全世界有20至30亿板球迷.
How did a children’s game from the sixteenth century become one of the world’s favorite sports?
十六世纪的儿童游戏是如何成为世界最喜爱的运动之一的?
The story begins in England, the birthplace of cricket.
故事从板球诞生地英国开始.
The History of Cricket The earliest written reference to a cricket game comes from 1598.
板球的历史 最早的板球游戏的书面参考来源于1598年.
A mention of “creckett” appears in a legal document concerning a land ownership dispute.
一项关于土地所有权争端的法律文件中提到了“creckett”。
A witness in the case described how he and his classmates used to play cricket in the disputed plot.
该案的一位证人描述了他和同学们在有争议的情节中是如何玩板球的.
We learn from this document that children played cricket.
我们从这份文件中了解到,儿童玩板球。
Other documentation shows that adult matches were played between rival villages and towns.
其他文件显示,相互竞争的村庄和城镇之间进行了成人比赛。
By the early 1700s, rich patrons began organizing the first professional cricket teams to play against the teams of other wealthy men; these teams were the forerunners of modern cricket teams.
到1700年代初,富人赞助者开始组织第一批职业板球队来打其他富人队;这些球队是现代板球队的前身.
The rules of play often varied from one team to the next.
游戏规则往往因一队而异.
This led to the creation of the “Laws of Cricket,” written in 1788 by a group of noblemen called the Marylebone Cricket Club.
这导致了由一群贵族于1788年所写的"板球法"被创立,这组贵族称之为"玛丽来邦板球会".
These rules are still in use hundreds of years later, though they’ve been revised by officials over the years.
数百年后,
People play cricket in London in 1743.
1743年人们在伦敦打板球.
During the nineteenth century— known as “the Golden Age of Cricket”—the sport started to take its modern form.
在十九世纪——被称为 " 板球黄金时代 " ——体育运动开始采用现代形式。
In 1864, the laws of cricket were amended from allowing only underarm bowling (pitching to the batter) to allowing overarm bowling, giving the ball more speed and spin, and batters invented complex new batting techniques.
1864年,板球法由只允许下臂打保龄球(对击球员的踢打)被修正为允许过臂打保龄球,使球更快和旋转,击球员发明了复杂的新击球技术.
During that period, the British Empire spread cricket all over the world, with teams springing up in the United States, Canada, Australia, India, South Africa, New Zealand, and throughout the Caribbean.
在此期间,大英帝国将板球传播到世界各地,球队在美国,加拿大,澳大利亚,印度,南非,新西兰等地并遍及加勒比海.
In 1877, teams played the first long, multiday matches between professional teams, called Test-level matches.
1877年,球队在职业球队之间进行第一次长时间多日的比赛,被称作"测试级比赛".
These long matches determine important championships.
这些长相的比赛决定了重要的冠军.
Tests still represent the highest level of competition in international cricket.
测试仍然代表国际板球赛事的最高竞争水平.
In the twentieth century, international teams were credited with many of most recent innovations in cricket, such as the modern aggressive style of bowling created by West Indian players.
在20世纪,国际球队获得了板球方面最近许多创新的好评,例如由西印度球员所创造的现代有侵略性的保龄球风格.
Men’s teams play cricket before an elite crowd in England in 1900.
男子队在1900年英格兰精英人群前打板球.
Cricket Today Today, cricket is played around the world, although it remains most popular in the United Kingdom and countries that were formerly under British rule.
今天的板球赛 今天,板球在世界各地打球,尽管它仍然在英国和以前被英国统治的国家最受欢迎.
To compete at the highest level, a national team must achieve Test status.
为了在最高级别竞争,国家队必须做到 测试状态。
In 2015, ten national teams qualified to play in Test matches.
2015年,有10支国家队在"测试"比赛中获得出场资格.
Outside the Test level, there are numerous levels of play, from informal community matches to professional contests.
在测试级别之外,还有从非正式的社区比赛到职业比赛的多个级别.
Women’s teams play at the national and international Test levels.
妇女小组在国家和国际两级进行测试。
There are also leagues and special matches that follow special rules.
也有一些联赛和特殊比赛遵循特殊规则.
Cricket was an event in the second Olympic Games in 1900.
板球是1900年第二届奥林匹克运动会的一个赛事.
It has never been included since, but supporters regularly lobby to have it reintroduced to the Summer Games.
此后从未列入,但支持者经常游说,要求重新列入夏季运动会.
ASIA NORTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA EUROPE AUSTRALIA AFRICA 1.
南北美洲南欧非洲 1. 联合国
England 2.
英国 2.
Australia 3.
澳大利亚 3.
South Africa 4.
南非 4.
West Indies* 5.
西印度群岛*
New Zealand 6.
新西兰 6.
India 7.
印度
Pakistan 8.
巴基斯坦
Sri Lanka 9.
斯里兰卡 9. 国家
Zimbabwe 10.
津巴布韦
Bangladesh * The West Indies team consists of players from sixteen separate countries and colonies.
*西印度群岛队由来自16个不同国家和殖民地的球员组成。
Equator An Australian player drops to one knee to try to hit the ball at a better angle.
赤道 澳大利亚选手倒入一膝盖试图以更好的角度打入球.
Some cricket terms have become part of our everyday language.
一些板球术语已经成为我们日常语言的一部分.
or an example of bad manners.
或恶行之相.
wicket is a tough situation.
威克特是一个艰难的局面。
Upon first glance, cricket might appear to be similar to baseball, which was derived from early forms of cricket.
乍一看,板球可能看起来与棒球类似,后者来源于早期形式的板球.
The games, however, including the playing fields, are different.
然而,游戏,包括游戏场地,是不同的.
For example, unlike baseball, cricket is played on an oval field, with a small rectangular clearing called the pitch.
例如,与棒球不同的是,板球是在一个椭圆形球场上被玩弄的,有一个叫"投球"的小长方形空地.
Two teams, each with eleven players, take turns batting and bowling, or throwing, the ball.
两队,每队有11名球员,轮流打球和打保龄球,或打出一球。
The batting team tries to score runs by hitting the ball and running back and forth on the pitch.
击球队试图以打出球来跑出得分,然后在投出球后来回跑出.
The bowling team tries to get each batter out by striking three posts with the ball.
保龄球队试图通过用球打出3个出局.
Once a batting team is all out—ten of the eleven batters are out— their inning is over and the teams switch.
一旦一个击球队全部出局——11个击球员中有10个出局——他们的联赛结束,球队转会.
The bowling team takes a turn at bat and the batting team bowls and fields.
保龄球队在球棒和击球队的碗和球场上转一圈.
An Australian wicketkeeper (yellow) prepares to catch a ball.
一个澳大利亚wicketkeer(黄色)准备接球.
Balls can travel about 95 to 100 mph (152.
球能出行约95至100 mph(152.
9 kmph).
9 kmph) (英语).
How to Play Cricket Just as baseball games have pitchers and catchers, cricket games have bowlers and wicketkeepers.
怎样玩板球 就像棒球比赛有投球手和接球手一样,板球比赛也有保龄球手和wicketkeer.
The wicket consists of three short posts in the ground, called stumps, and two small horizontal pieces of wood that rest on top of the stumps, called bails.
树干由地上三个矮柱子组成,称为"立木";而两块小平起伏的木头则取自"立木"上方,称为"取出".
On the bowling team, one player takes the position of the bowler (pitcher or thrower) and another takes the position of the wicketkeeper (fielding behind the wicket).
在保龄球队中,一名选手取保龄球员(pitcher或抛球员)的位置,另一名选手取wicketkeer(在wicket后出场)的位置.
The other nine players stand in the field where their team captain tells them.
其他9名球员站在他们的队长告诉他们的球场上.
Two batters from the batting team take the field and stand on opposite ends of the pitch.
击球队的两名击球手取出球场并站到投出球道的对面.
The first player to bat is called the striker, and the other batter is called the nonstriker.
第一位出击的玩家被称作"出击",而另一位出击者被称作"出击".
The bowler tries to get the striker out by bowling (throwing) the ball at the wicket.
保龄球手试图通过打保龄球(掷出)打出击球手出击.
A fair overhand bowl must be done without bending the elbow.
一个公平的上手碗必须做到不弯曲肘.
If the bowler can knock the bails off the stumps, then the striker is out and another player bats.
如果保龄球手能把保龄球从木桩上击倒,那么击球手就出局了,还有另一个球员会打球.
Fielding Team wicketkeeper WK field players (nine players in the field) FP bowler B umpire U Batting Team nonstriker NS striker S wicket popping crease bowling crease return crease WK S B NS U FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP 12 ft (3.
外野战队wicketkeeer WK战地选手(出场9名选手) FP保龄球员 B 裁判 U Batting Team 非突击队员 NS 出击手 S Wicket 出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出
66 m) 22 yards (20.
66米)22码(20.
12 m) wicket the pitch Cricket fields vary in size.
12米)将投出板球的球场大小相去甚远.
A regulation cricket field is at least 16,000 square yards (13,378 sq m).
规范板球场至少为16,000平方码(13,378 sq mi).
The striker must protect the wicket by hitting the ball away with his or her bat, while at the same time trying to hit the ball hard enough to score runs.
击球手必须用球拍将球打出来来来保护球杆,同时要努力将球打出足够得分的跑道.
After the striker hits the ball, both batters start running to the opposite ends of the pitch, passing each other in the middle of the pitch.
击球手打入球后,两个击球手开始跑到投出球道的相反端,在投出球道中间相接相传.
If the runners pass a line in front of the wicket called the popping crease and swap places, they’ve scored a run.
如果跑者在球场前通过一条线,
The batters run back and forth again and again, trying to score as many runs as possible.
击球手反复跑来跑去,试图打出尽可能多的跑来.
However, while they are running, the fielding team will try to “run out” the striker, or get the striker out.
然而,当他们奔跑时,野外小组将试图“跑出”罢工者,或把罢工者赶出去。
If the striker is not safe behind the popping crease, and a fielder knocks the bails off the wicket stumps with the ball, then the striker is out.
如果击球手在被击倒后不安全 外出者用球击倒了击球手
A striker can also be “caught” out if a player on the fielding team catches a hit ball before it bounces on the ground.
如果野外球队的球员在弹出地面前接下一发命中球,则击球手也可以被"击出".
If the striker is not run out when the striker and nonstriker finish running, whoever is standing in the striker’s original position is now the striker.
如果罢工者在罢工者和非罢工者完成竞选时没有用尽,那么站在罢工者原有位置上的人现在就是罢工者了。
Why are there two wickets if there is only one striker?
如果只有一名罢工者,为什么会有两只棍子?
If a bowler bowls the ball six times and there are no hits or outs, the bowler changes places with one of his or her teammates.
如果一个保龄球手将球打出6次而没有入球或出球,保龄球手则会与自己的一名队友一起更换位置.
The new bowler throws to the new striker (former nonstriker).
新保龄球员向新打手(前非打手)投出.
The striker can also score runs by getting “extras.”
罢工者还可以通过获得“extras”获得得分。 “
For example, if the striker hits a ball that then passes the boundary without ever bouncing, the batters stop running and the striker gets six runs.
例如,如果击球手打出一球后再越过边界而永不出击,击球手就停止跑出,击球手得到六跑.
The striker can also score a run on a bowl that the wicketkeeper fumbles.
罢工者也可以在wicketkeer fumble的碗上打出一分.
A regular cricket match lasts two innings, with each team taking a turn bowling and batting, or until the day ends.
常规板球比赛会持续两连胜,由每支球队轮流打保龄球并打出一球,或者直到一天结束.
The team with more runs wins.
跑步较多的球队获胜.
If the day ends without both teams finishing their inning, the game is a tie, or draw.
如果一天结束,两队没有完成比赛,那么比赛就是平局,或者平局.
A winning team might voluntarily end their inning to avoid a draw.
获胜的球队可能自愿结束比赛,以避免出局.
In Test matches, teams play for four innings, a contest of endurance that can last up to five days with about six hours of play each day.
在"测试赛"中,队伍会出场4场比赛,这是一场耐力赛事,每天可长达5天,比赛时间约为6小时.
Cricket values the idea of good sportsmanship.
板球珍视优秀体育风度理念.
Some rules in cricket come into play only if the opposing teams cannot come to an agreement.
一些板球规则只有在对手队伍无法达成协议的情况下才会被采用.
For example, if a bowl was blocked by a batter’s body instead of his or her bat, the umpire makes a ruling only if the two competing teams cannot agree on whether the ball would have hit the wicket.
例如,如果一碗被击球手的身体所挡住,而不是被击球手的球棒所挡住,那么只有在两支竞技队无法就球是否会打出球棒达成一致的情况下,裁判才做出裁决.
Heroes of the Oval W.
Oval W的英雄们.
G.
（字母G）
Grace (1848–1915) was a practicing doctor and was considered an amateur cricket player.
格蕾丝(1848–1915)是一名练习医生,被认为是一名业余板球运动员.
Regardless, he revolutionized the sport and is one of the greatest players the sport has ever seen.
无论如何,他革命了运动,并且是运动所见过的最伟大的球员之一.
Grace’s contribution to the game was the invention of an adaptable batting style that could be applied from multiple stances and that incorporated a variety of strokes.
Grace对游戏的贡献是发明出一种适应性的击球风格,这种风格可以从多姿多彩的姿势中被应用,并包含出出各种打法.
Kumar Shri Ranjitsinhji (koo-MAR SHREE rahn-JEET-seeng-jee), known as “Ranji” (1872–1933), was one of the most fascinating figures of “the Golden Age of Cricket.”
Kumar Shri Ranjitsinhji(Koo-MAR SHRE Rahn-JEET-seeng-jee),被称作"Ranji"(1872–1933),是"板球黄金时代"中最有魅力的人物之一. “
Ranji was the ruler of Nawanagar, a region of India under the rule of the British.
兰吉是纳瓦纳加尔的统治者,那瓦纳加尔是被英国统治的印度地区.
Considered one of the sport’s best batters, he became an icon in his home country of India, and the Ranji Trophy, the Indian national championship, is named after him.
他被认为是该运动的最佳击球手之一,成为了家乡印度的偶像,而印度全国锦标赛(Ranji Trophy)也以他命名.
Ranji was also an important political figure.
兰吉也曾是一个重要的政治人物.
He represented India in the League of Nations, the predecessor of the modern United Nations.
他代表印度参加了现代联合国前身 -- -- 国际联盟。
Kumar Shri Ranjitsinhji W.
库马尔·什里·兰吉辛赫吉 维.
G.
（字母G）
Grace Sir Donald Bradman (1908-2001) was a legendary Australian cricketer known as the best Test batter of all time.
格蕾丝·唐纳德·布拉德曼爵士(英语:Donald Bradman (1908–2001))是一位传奇的澳大利亚板球运动员,被誉为"有史以来最好的测试击球手".
Bradman had a Test batting average of 99.
布拉德曼的"测试"平均打击率为99.
94, meaning he almost never missed.
94,意味着他几乎从未错过.
To put that in perspective, the next best cricket batter ever has an average of 60.
从这个角度来说,次好板球击球手平均有60名.
After World War II, Bradman served as captain of an Australian team nicknamed “the Invincibles.”
二战后,布拉德曼出任一队澳大利亚队队长,绰号为"无敌队". “
The Invincibles went on a record-breaking tour of England, playing an undefeated series of thirty- four matches (playing 112 days of a 144-day tour).
无敌队出道于创纪录的英格兰巡演,出演了一场不败的连续三四场比赛(出场112天的144天巡演).
Since 1889, each year five cricket players are named as Cricketers of the Year by Wisden, a cricket publication.
自1889年起,每年有5名板球运动员被"活板球"出版物"Wisden"命名为"年度克力克特".
In 2009, Claire Taylor (1975–) became the first woman to win the honor.
2009年,克莱尔·泰勒(1975–)成为首位赢得荣誉的女性.
In college, Taylor played on the men’s cricket team, developing a batting style that was more typical of the men’s game than the women’s.
在大学期间,泰勒在男子板球队出场出场,发展出比女子更典型的击球风格.
She made the leap to professional women’s cricket and became one of the finest batters the game has seen.
她实现了职业女子板球的飞跃,成为了游戏所见到的最好的击球手之一.
With a bat, a ball, and a wicket, young players can hone their skills.
以球棒,球和接棒,年轻球员可以磨练出自己的技能.
These boys strike up a game in Asia.
这些男孩在亚洲打出一场比赛。
Nice Match!
不错的火柴!
So just how did cricket become an international phenomenon?
那么板球是如何成为国际现象的?
The history of the British Empire and ongoing development of new and exciting playing styles certainly played an important part, but perhaps the answer lies in cricket’s two most compelling features.
大英帝国的历史和不断发展出新的和激动人心的游戏风格,无疑发挥了重要的作用,但或许答案在于板球的两个最有说服力的特点.
When a cricket player is at bat, it does not matter who that player is or where he or she came from; all players compete as equals on the field.
当板球选手在出场时,无论该选手是谁或来自何处,都无关紧要;所有选手在出场时均以平等身份参赛.
Furthermore, by cricket tradition, every player deserves the same level of respect.
此外,根据板球传统,每个球员都应该得到同等程度的尊重。
It could be that cricket became popular with players and spectators around the world because its values—equality and respect—are values everybody can share.
这可能是板球受到全世界球员和观众的欢迎,因为它的价值观——平等和尊重——是每个人都可以分享的价值观。