China

美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习

Table of Contents Where Is It?

内容表在哪里?

............................... 4 People.................................... 6 Land..................................... 8 Animals................................. 10 History.................................. 12 Conclusion............................... 14 Glossary................................. 16 Where Is It?

页:1 4 人. . 6 地. 8 动物. 10 历史. 12 结论。 14 词汇表. 16号在哪里?

China has several large cities, including Hong Kong, Beijing, and Shanghai. Beijing, the capital city, is more than three thousand years old, making it one of the world’s oldest cities. Today Beijing is a mix of the ancient and the modern. Skyscrapers, subways, and fast-food restaurants give the city its modern character as they stand beside ancient structures, including temples, monuments, and courtyards. The Forbidden City, a massive palace built during the fifteenth century, was the home of Chinese emperors for hundreds of years. The name comes from the fact that only the emperor could enter every room in it. Today, the palace is a museum. Located on the coast of the East China Sea, Shanghai is China’s largest city, its largest industrial center, and one of the world’s largest ports. Great numbers of people move there each year to work, contributing to the population of more than twenty million people. As many as 50,000 people per square kilometer (125,000 people per sq. mi.) live in its most populated section— more than one and a half times as many people as in the most crowded part of New York City. People With more than 1.3 billion people, China has the largest population of any country in the world. In comparison, about 316 million people live in the United States, a population about one fourth the size of China’s. More than half of the Chinese population lives in towns and villages. People who live in rural regions often grow crops and raise livestock, while people who live in towns and villages may manufacture goods as well as perform other jobs. Many people also live in large cities, which are centers for trade and business. Most Chinese people speak Mandarin, which means “common language.” People in different regions may speak dialects of Mandarin. Chinese people speak many other languages as well, including Cantonese and English. China has more cell phone users than any other country in the world.

中国有多个大城市,包括香港,北京和上海. 首都北京有三千多年历史,成为世界上历史最悠久的城市之一. 现在 北京是古代和现代的混合地. Skyscrapers,地铁,快餐餐厅赋予了这座城市的现代特色,因为它们站在古代建筑外,包括神庙,纪念碑和庭院. 紫禁城是一座15世纪所建的大规模宫殿,是中国皇帝数百年的故地. 这个名字来源于只有皇帝才能进入其中每个房间的事实. 如今,宫殿为博物馆. 上海地处东海沿岸,是中国最大的城市,最大的工业中心,也是世界最大的港口之一. 每年有大量人到那里工作,为2 000多万人口做出了贡献。 每平方千米有多达5万人(每平方公尺有125,000人)生活在人口最稠密的地区——是纽约市最拥挤地区的1.5多倍。 人员 中国人口超过13亿,是世界上人口最多的一个国家. 相比之下,约有3.16亿人生活在美国,人口约为中国的四分之一. 中国有一半以上的人口居住在城镇和乡村. 居住在农村地区的人往往种植作物并饲养牲畜,而居住在城镇和乡村的人可以生产商品并从事其他工作。 许多人还生活在大城市,这些城市是贸易和商业中心。 大多数中国人会说普通话,这意味着“通用语”。 不同地区的人可以说普通话的方言. 中国人也说许多其他语言,包括广东话和英语. 中国手机用户比世界上任何其他国家都多.

About 75 percent of the people have cell phones.

大约75%的人有手机。

Do You Know?

你知道吗?

A bridge near Beijing is named after Marco Polo, an Italian explorer who wrote about his travels to China in the thirteenth century.

北京附近的一座桥取名于意大利探险家马可·波罗(Marco Polo),他记述了13世纪他去中国旅行的情况.

Unlike English, which uses an alphabet to represent the individual sounds that make up words, Chinese writing uses characters that represent entire words or parts of words. Experts estimate that the system of writing in China began around 2000 bc, making it one of the world’s oldest. Some characters resemble what they mean. For example, the character for the word mountain actually looks like mountain peaks. An educated Chinese person knows on average about four thousand characters, although the language contains tens of thousands. In the Chinese education system, students must attend school for nine years. After that, they can continue their education by going to secondary school, which can be followed by job training or university. Getting into a university, however, is very difficult, and only a small number of students are admitted each year. Land China’s vastness means it contains many different types of landforms. The mountain ranges in the southern regions are some of the country’s most outstanding features. Mountains cover about one third of the country, and one famous mountain range, the Himalayas, contains many of the highest mountains in the world, including the tallest: Mount Everest. Mount Everest rises 8,850 meters (29,035 ft.) on the border between China and Nepal. Mountains can also be found in the western parts of the country, along with plateaus. The eastern part of the country is a lowland area with forests and wetlands, and it is this area of the country that contains China’s large cities. Characters Here are Mandarin characters for some English words.

与英文不同,英文使用字母表来代表构成单词的单个声音,而中文写作则使用代表整个单词或单词部分的字符. 专家估计,中国的写作系统始于2000年bc左右,成为了世界上最古老的写作系统之一. 有些角色和他们的意思相似. 例如,"山"一词的人物实际上看起来像是"山峰". 一个受过教育的中国人平均认识约四千个人物,虽然语言包含数以万计. 在中国教育制度中,学生必须上学九年. 之后,他们可以通过上中学继续接受教育,随后可以接受职业培训或上大学。 然而,进入大学非常困难,每年只招收少量学生. 地取中国的地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地取地 南部地区的山脉是该国一些最突出的地貌。 山脉覆盖了全国约三分之一的地区,有一座著名的山脉——喜马拉雅山脉,包含有世界上许多最高的山脉,包括最高的:珠穆朗玛峰. 珠穆朗玛峰起于中国与尼泊尔接壤的8,850米(29,035英尺). 山地也分布于该国西部,并有高原. 东部为地势低地,有森林和湿地,而中国的大城市正是这一地区. 字符 以下是一些英语单词的普通话字符.

Mandarin In Mandarin, the characters of some words look like what they mean.

普通话 在普通话中,一些单词的人物看起来就像他们的意思.

Tibetan Plateau Himalayan Mtns.

青藏高原喜马拉雅山t.

China also contains a huge desert, which stretches across about 1,600 kilometers (1,000 mi.) of the northern region. The Gobi Desert borders Mongolia. The name Gobi means “waterless place,” and, like all deserts, the Gobi receives little rainfall. It has a total annual rainfall ranging from 5 centimeters (2 in.) in the western part to 20 centimeters (8 in.) in the northeastern part. Even though the Gobi Desert is a harsh environment, people do manage to live there. Those who make their home in this desert are nomadic herders who use underground water sources to raise cattle, sheep, goats, and camels. In addition to the livestock of the herders, the Gobi is home to wild camels, gazelles, and China’s rare wild horses. China also has thousands of rivers, the longest being the Yangtze (yank-SEE) river, which runs for 6,300 kilometers (3,915 mi.). The Yangtze is an important means of transporting both people and goods. The Yangtze river basin is known as the granary of the country. The basin is home to about half of the country’s agriculture, including the largest amount of rice farming. Other grain crops grown in the river basin include barley, wheat, and corn. Animals One of China’s most famous animals is the giant panda. This member of the bear family is very rare—so rare, in fact, that scientists think only about 1,600 are left in the wild. Their population has decreased to this small number because their habitat in the mountains of central China has been lost. Giant pandas live in forests and eat only bamboo, but many of China’s bamboo forests have been cleared for agriculture, timber, and fuel. To save the giant panda, China has created special nature reserves. In addition, scientists in China and other countries have tried to breed giant pandas in captivity. However, the animals do not reproduce well outside their native habitat, and only in recent years have baby pandas been born i n captivit y. When born, a baby panda typically weighs only about four ounces — much smaller than its giant panda mother.

中国也有一个巨大的沙漠,它横跨了北部地区约1600公里(1000米). 戈壁沙漠与蒙古接壤. Gobi这个名字的意思是“无水之地”,与所有沙漠一样,Gobi人收到的降雨很少。 其年总降雨量从西部的5公分(2英寸)到东北部的20公分(8英寸)不等. 虽然戈壁沙漠环境恶劣,但人们确实设法在那里生活. 在这片沙漠中作起家来的人是游牧的牧民,他们利用地下水来饲养牛,羊,山羊和骆驼. 除牧民的牲畜外,戈壁人还出土有野生骆驼,瞪羚等,是中国罕见的野生马. 中国也拥有上千条河流,最长的为长江(扬克-SEE)河流,通航6300公里(3,915米. 长江是人货运输的重要途径. 长江流域被誉为"全国粮仓". 流域拥有约一半的农业,包括最大的水稻种植. 在河流流域种植的其他谷物作物有大麦,小麦和玉米等. 中国最出名的动物之一为"巨型熊猫". 这个熊家族的成员非常罕见——事实上如此罕见,以至于科学家认为只有1600人留在了野外. 其人口已经减少到这个小数,因为其在中国中部山区的栖息地已经消失. 巨熊猫栖息于森林中,只吃竹子,但中国多处竹子林被清扫,用于农业,木材和燃料. 为拯救"巨型熊猫",中国已创建了特有自然保护区. 此外,中国等地的科学家也尝试在被囚禁期间繁殖出巨型熊猫. 然而,这些动物在其本土栖息地外的繁殖并不良好,直到最近几年,才有幼熊猫出生i n captivit y. 出世后,小熊猫一般只重约四盎司-远小于其巨型熊猫母亲.

The Chinese alligator is one of only two alligator species in the world. Smaller than its American cousin, the alligator’s native habitat lies along the Yangtze River. Like the giant panda, its numbers have been greatly reduced due to habitat loss, and only a few hundred remain in the wild. Scientists have had great luck breeding the Chinese alligator in captivity, however, and are working with farmers along the Yangtze to keep alligators safe in their native habitat. The golden snub-nosed monkey is truly an odd sight—not because of its golden fur but because of its blue face. This primate is found in the forests of central China, but it also suffers from habitat loss. China has set aside reserves to help the monkeys keep some of their habitat, and the animals are also bred in captivity. History China is one of the oldest civilizations in the world. Scientific evidence has shown that some of the earliest humans lived in China about 770,000 to 230,000 years ago. For thousands of years, emperors ruled China. Sometimes, emperors from the same family ruled parts of China for hundreds of years. These periods of time are known as dynasties. The first dynasty that left a written history is the Shang Dynasty, which began around 1600 bc. Other dynasties include the Zhou (JHOW), Qin (CHIN), Han (HAHN), Jin, Tang (TAHNG), Song (SUNG), and Ming. The Qin Dynasty made several important contributions to China’s history. The Qin emperor Shi Huangdi (SHI HWAHNG-dee), who ruled from 259 to 210 bc, ordered a wall built to keep out invaders. Other emperors, especially those of the Ming Dynasty, continued to build the wall for nearly 2,000 years. Today, it is known as the Great Wall, even though it is actually a series of walls throughout northern China and Southern Mongolia. One section of the Great Wall runs about 8,850 kilometers (5,500 mi.) and ranges from 5 to 8 meters (15–25 ft.) wide. Golden snub-nosed monkeys live in large groups, with as many as four hundred or more in one group.

中国鳄鱼是世界上仅有的两个鳄鱼物种之一. 比美国的表妹还小,鳄鱼的原生栖息地位于长江一带. 和巨熊猫一样,其数量也因为栖息地的丧失而大为减少,只有几百只还留在野外. 然而科学家们在被囚禁期间为中国鳄鱼繁衍而感到十分幸运,并且正与长江沿岸的农民一起努力,使鳄鱼在其本土栖息地中保持安全. 金色的鼻鼻猴真是奇特的外观, 这种灵长类动物分布于中国中部的森林中,但也遭受栖息地的丧失. 中国已经留出了保护区来帮助猴子保留了一部分栖息地,而动物也被囚禁. 中国历史是世界上最古老的文明之一. 科学证据表明,一些最早的人类在中国生活了约77-23万年前. 几千年来,皇帝统治了中国. 有时,同家族的皇帝统治了中国部分地区长达数百年. 这些时期被称为"王朝". 第一个留下了成文史的王朝是相克王朝,大约从1600bc起. 其他王朝有:周人 (JHOW),秦人 (CHIN),汉人 (HAHN),晋人 (TAHNG),宋人 (SUNG),明人. 秦朝对中国历史作出了几项重要贡献. 秦始皇史·黄帝(SHI HWAHNG-dee)从259年到210年bc统治后,下令建造一堵墙来挡住入侵者. 其他皇帝,尤其是明朝皇帝,相继修筑了近2000年的城墙. 今天,它被称作"长城",尽管实际上它是中国北方和南蒙古一连串的城墙. 长城有一段长约8,850公里(5,500米),宽从5至8米(15至25英尺). 金色的鼻鼻猴以大块群为生,一个群有多达四百多只.

The ancient Chinese made great advances and invented many things. One invention, the abacus, was an early way of doing complex mathematical calculations. The ancient Chinese invented the magnetic compass, which helped early sailors navigate. They also invented gunpowder to blast rocks apart and to make fireworks. The ancient Chinese were also the first to make fabric from silk. It became the country’s most popular export, and people traveled from around the world on a trade route called the Silk Road to get it. The fibers used to make silk come from the cocoons of silkworms. The ancient Chinese discovered that they could separate the fibers from the cocoon and then spin the fibers together to make a strong thread. The thread was woven together to make beautiful cloth. In 1912, China went through massive changes. War with Japan and internal strife ended the Qing Dynasty, and China became a republic. After many years of political turmoil and conflict, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) took control of the government in 1949. Conclusion China is a fascinating mix of ancient and modern, rural and urban. China’s long history has influenced the world in many ways. Its diverse people reflect this history in their unique and interesting cultures. Stretching across much of Asia, its landscape includes breathtaking mountains, huge deserts, and ancient rivers. People from all over the world visit China’s amazing structures. If you were to visit China, where would you want to go first?

古代中国人取得了很大的进步并发明出许多东西. 一个发明,算盘,是进行复杂数学计算的一个早期方法. 中国古人发明了"磁罗盘",帮助了早期的水手通航. 他们还发明了火药来将岩石炸开并制造出烟花. 古代中国人也是最早从丝绸上出产织物. 它成为了该国最受欢迎的出口,人们从世界各地乘坐名为"丝绸之路"的贸易路线去获得. 用来做丝的纤维出自丝虫的茧. 古代中国人发现可以把纤维从茧中分出来,再将纤维一起旋转来做成一丝很强的线. 线被编织在一起来做漂亮的布. 1912年,中国经历了大规模的变革. 与日本的战争和内乱结束了清朝,中国成为共和. 经过多年的政治动荡和冲突后,1949年被中共控制了政府. 结论 中国是古代和现代,农村和都市的迷人组合. 中国的悠久历史在许多方面影响了世界. 其多样性的人民在其独特而有趣的文化中反映了这一历史。 其地貌横跨了亚洲大部分地区,包括耸人听闻的山脉、巨大的沙漠和古老的河流。 来自世界各地的人们参观了中国惊人的结构. 如果你访问中国,你想先去哪里?

people visit a Shanghai shopping district.

人们去上海购物区

Population: 1,355,692,576 Land: 9,569,901 sq km (3,694,959 sq.

人口:1,355,692,576人 地:9,569,901平方公里(3,694,959平方公里).

mi.)

(中文(简体) ).