to the White House
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 The Early Years.
4 《早年》。
5 Law and Politics.
5"法律与政治".
8 America Divided.
8 美国分裂。
10 The War Years.
10 战争年代。
12 Glossary.
12 词汇表。
16 Introduction Abraham Lincoln, one of the most famous American presidents, is remembered for his dedication to freedom.
16 引言 亚伯拉罕·林肯,最出名的美国总统之一,以对自由的奉献而被人们所铭记.
Lincoln led the United States during the Civil War when the Northern and Southern states fought to decide the future of the country.
南北两州争相决定国家的未来,在南北战争期间林肯领导了美国.
He is known as the “Great Emancipator” because he freed the slaves.
他被称为“大解放者”,因为他释放了奴隶。
After the war, the United States became one nation, pledged to freedom and democracy for all.
战后,美国成为一个国家,保证人人享有自由和民主。
Abraham Lincoln is often pictured as tall, lanky, and solemn.
亚伯拉罕·林肯经常被描绘成高高,又粗放又庄严.
He is remembered as a “common man” who was born in a log cabin in Kentucky with little regular schooling.
人们记得他是一个“普通人”,出生在肯塔基州的一个木屋里,几乎没有受过正规教育。
Yet he became a great lawyer, speaker, and political leader.
然而,他成为一名伟大的律师、演说家和政治领导人。
His speeches about freedom, justice, and uniting all Americans are carved in stone at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.
他关于自由,正义,以及团结所有美国人的演讲被石刻于华盛顿的林肯纪念馆.
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His belief was simple: “As I would not be a slave, so I would not be a master.
他的信念很简单: “因为我不会是奴隶,所以也不会是主人。
This expresses my idea of democracy.”
这表达了我的民主思想。 “
The Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.
华盛顿林肯纪念馆.
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The Early Years Abraham Lincoln was born to Thomas and Nancy Hanks Lincoln on February 12, 1809, on a small log-cabin farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky.
早年的亚伯拉罕·林肯于1809年2月12日生于肯塔基州霍德根维尔附近的小木卡宾农场上.
After moving to nearby Knob Creek, Abe and his older sister, Sarah, went to school for short periods during the winters.
在搬到了附近的克诺布溪后,阿部和他姐姐莎拉在冬季短暂地上学.
When Abe was seven, the family moved to Indiana, hoping for a better life.
安倍七岁时,全家搬到了印第安纳州,希望过上更好的生活.
Two years after Tom built a new log cabin, Nancy became ill and died.
两年之后 汤姆建造了一个新的木屋,南希病倒后去世.
Abe and Sarah mourned the death of their hard-working, loving mother.
安倍和莎拉为他们辛勤工作,慈爱的母亲的死而哀悼.
Soon after, Abe’s father married Sarah Bush Johnston, a widow and mother of three whom Tom had known in Kentucky.
过不久 阿贝的父亲嫁给了莎拉·布什·约翰斯顿(Sarah Bush Johnston),她是一位寡妇,母亲是三个汤姆在肯塔基州认识的人.
With love and care, she created a warm life for Abe and Sarah.
在爱和关怀下,她为安倍和莎拉创造了温暖的生活.
She encouraged Abe as he grew into a tall, awkward youth.
她鼓励 安倍成长为一个高大,尴尬的青年.
Friends told of Abe’s moody quietness, even though Abe told homey, humorous stories.
朋友都说安倍很安静 安倍讲了些幽默的故事
This cabin is constructed of logs that are believed to be from Lincoln’s birth cabin.
这座小屋由林肯出产的木头所建.
The cabin is located at the Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historic Site in Hodgenville, Kentucky.
该小屋位于肯塔基州霍德根维尔的亚伯拉罕·林肯出生地国家历史遗址.
Although he rarely went to school, Abe was devoted to learning.
虽然他很少去上学,但安倍致力于学习.
Abe educated himself mainly by borrowing books and newspapers from neighbors and travelers.
安倍主要通过向邻居和旅行者借书和报纸来教育自己.
Stories of pioneers such as Daniel Boone and Johnny Appleseed, along with the books Abe read, sparked ideas of a world larger than his backwoods.
丹尼尔·布恩和约翰尼·阿普赛德等先驱者的故事 以及书籍 安倍读了,引发了一个比他的后木更大的世界的想法.
As a teenager, Abe, now a strong 6 feet 4 inches (2 m), traveled down the Mississippi River on a flatboat.
少年时代,现在的一头6英尺4英寸(2米)的强壮的阿部(Abe)乘平底船下密西西比河.
He floated to the busy port of New Orleans.
他漂到繁忙的新奥尔良港.
For the first time, Abe saw black men, women, and children chained as slaves to be bought and sold.
安倍首次看到黑人男子,妇女和孩子被锁上锁,成为被买卖的奴隶.
Law and Politics Abraham Lincoln’s views were based on his strong belief that each person was important regardless of wealth or privilege.
法律与政治 亚伯拉罕·林肯的观点基于他的坚定信念,即每个人无论财富或特权都很重要.
He became a respected member of the Whig Party, which supported strong central government in Washington, D.
他成为威格党的受人尊敬的党员,该党支持了华盛顿强大的中央政府.
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The other leading party, the Democrats, believed that states should control their own affairs.
另一个主要政党民主党认为各州应该控制自己的事务.
At the age of 30, Lincoln met his future wife, Mary Ann Todd.
30岁时,林肯遇到了他未来的妻子玛丽·安·托德.
They married three years later, in 1842, and a year after that their first son, Robert, was born.
他们三年后于1842年结婚,一年后他们的长子罗伯特出生.
When Robert was a toddler, Lincoln won the election for Illinois representative to the U.
当罗伯特是一名幼儿时,林肯赢得了伊利诺伊州驻乌代表的选举.
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Congress and moved to Washington, D.
国会并迁至华盛顿.
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, with his family.
和他的家人一起生活着
Mary Todd Lincoln, 1846 Abe traveled on a flatboat to the city of New Orleans.
玛丽・托德・林肯 1846 (英语). 安倍乘坐平船去新奥尔良市.
At the age of 22, Abe moved to New Salem, Illinois.
22岁时,安倍搬到了伊利诺伊州新萨利姆.
He worked different jobs, including storekeeper, land surveyor, and builder.
他从事不同的工作,包括仓库管理员、土地测量员和建筑工。
He became well known as a wrestler and as a skilled speaker in the New Salem Debating Society.
他以摔跤手和新塞勒姆德巴丁学会的熟练演说家而出名.
He ran for the Illinois state legislature and lost in 1832, but he won two years later.
他为伊利诺伊州立法机关竞选,于1832年输了,但他在两年后获胜.
A lawyer and fellow legislator, John Todd Stuart, encouraged Abe to study law.
一位律师和立法委员约翰·托德·斯图亚特鼓励阿部学习法律.
Abe read law books, passed the exams in March 1837, and joined Stuart’s law practice.
安倍阅读了法律书籍,于1837年3月通过了考试,并加入了斯图尔特的法律实践.
He moved to Springfield, where the Illinois legislature met.
他搬到了斯普林菲尔德,伊利诺伊州立法机构在此相会.
Lincoln was in Congress as the Northern and Southern states became more divided over the issue of slavery.
林肯当时在国会,因为北方和南方各州在奴隶制问题上的分歧越来越大.
The North depended on paid laborers in its factories and small farms, and believed in a strong central government.
北方依靠工厂和小农场的有薪劳工,相信一个强大的中央政府.
Slavery was outlawed in the Northern states.
北方各州的奴隶制被宣布为非法。
The South depended on “King Cotton” grown on large plantations and used slave labor.
南方依靠在大型种植园种植并使用奴隶劳动的“棉花王”。
Slaves, primarily black Africans, were owned as property.
奴隶,主要是非洲黑人,作为财产拥有。
Most slaves lived under very poor conditions.
大多数奴隶生活在非常贫穷的条件下。
They had no personal or civil rights.
他们没有人身或公民权利。
The laws of Southern states allowed and protected slavery.
南方各州的法律允许并保护了奴隶制.
As the United States expanded, western territories asked for statehood.
随着美国扩张,西部领土要求建国.
Would these states enter as “free” or “slave” states?
这些国家是作为“自由”还是“奴隶”进入的?
Lincoln opposed slavery.
林肯反对奴隶制.
As an Illinois representative in Washington, he believed that state laws in the South protected slavery.
作为伊利诺伊州在华盛顿的代表,他相信南方的州法保护了奴隶制.
However, he fought the spread of slavery in the western territories.
然而,他与奴隶制在西部领地的蔓延作斗争.
Lincoln returned to Springfield after two years in Washington and for the next few years shared a successful law practice with his partner, William Herndon.
林肯在华盛顿呆了两年后又回到了斯普林菲尔德,并在接下来的几年里与他的搭档威廉·赫恩登分享了成功的法律实践.
Lincoln became known for his honesty, legal skills, wit, and fine speeches.
林肯以诚实,法律技巧,机智和优雅的演讲而出名.
America Divided Meanwhile, the pro- and anti-slavery forces struggled for power.
美国分割 与此同时,亲奴隶制和反奴隶制势力争夺权力.
Congress passed the Kansas- Nebraska Act in 1854.
国会于1854年通过了"堪萨斯-内布拉斯加州法案".
The new law allowed the residents of each territory to decide whether they wanted to be free or slave states.
新的法律允许每个领地的居民决定是自由还是奴隶国家.
Lincoln decided it was time to speak out against the spread of slavery and to try again for political office.
林肯决定,现在该是大声疾呼反对奴隶制蔓延的时候了,并再次尝试担任政治职务.
He joined the new Republican Party, which opposed slavery.
他加入了反对奴隶制的新共和党.
He was nominated in 1858 as their candidate for senator.
他于1858年被提名为他们的参议员候选人.
His opponent was Senator Stephen Douglas.
他的对手是参议员斯蒂芬·道格拉斯.
During the campaign, they held the Lincoln-Douglas debates, which captured the attention of the country.
在竞选期间,他们举行了林肯-道格拉斯的辩论会,引起了全国的注意.
Lincoln declared that slavery was causing a national crisis.
林肯宣布奴隶制正在引发全国性危机.
“A house divided against itself cannot stand.
“一个自相矛盾的房屋是站不住脚的。
I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free.”
我相信这个政府是无法忍受的 永久的半个奴隶和半个自由的 “
Lincoln argued that blacks had the “right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,” just like whites.
林肯认为,黑人有“生命、自由和追求幸福的权利”,就像白人一样。
Douglas said that the Constitution guaranteed equality only to white citizens, not to blacks.
道格拉斯说,宪法只保障白人公民平等,而不是黑人平等.
Each state, he believed, had the right to decide whether it would be slave or free.
他认为,每个州都有权决定是奴隶还是自由。
Lincoln in 1858, two weeks before his final debate with Douglas Stephen A.
1858年林肯,在他与道格拉斯·斯蒂芬·A的最后辩论前两周.
Lincoln lost the election, but the debates made him popular, especially in the Republican Party.
林肯输了选举,但辩论使他受到欢迎,特别是在共和党.
By 1860, he was the party’s choice for U.
到1860年,他是政党选择U.
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“Honest Abe,” the homespun man of the people who stood for equality and freedom.
“最崇高的安倍”是人民中主张平等和自由的人。
He won the election.
他赢得了选举。
The North and the western territories rejoiced; the South was outraged.
北地与西地相悦;南地相怒.
Even before Lincoln’s inauguration, seven Southern states voted to secede from the United States of America.
甚至在林肯就职前,南方有7个州投票决定从美国脱离.
The pro-slavery states established a government called the Confederate States of America, and its leader, President Jefferson Davis, prepared the Confederate states for war.
亲奴隶制的各州建立了名为"美国邦联"的政府,其领导人杰斐逊·戴维斯总统为邦联各州备战.
The War Years President Lincoln hoped to avoid war, but events moved quickly.
战争年代总统林肯希望能避免战争,但事态发展得很快.
By April 14, Northern troops had surrendered Fort Sumter after South Carolina cannons fired on the fort.
至4月14日,在南卡罗莱纳大炮向要塞开火后,北方军队已经投降了萨姆特堡.
Both the Union and the Confederacy moved quickly to call volunteers and collect arms and supplies.
联盟和邦联都迅速行动,召集志愿者,并收集武器和物资.
The South’s better military leadership defeated Union forces in the first battle at Bull Run.
南方更好的军事领导在"牛跑"的第一次战役中击败了联合军.
Lincoln struggled to find strong leaders for the Union troops throughout the war.
林肯在整个战争中努力为邦联部队寻找强大的领导人.
Under General George B.
由乔治·B将军领导.
Mc Clellan, the Union troops had some successes, but by 1862 they were stopped by Confederate General Robert E.
Mc Clelan),联盟部队取得了一些成功,但到1862年被邦联将军罗伯特·E所阻止.
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Union forces controlled New Orleans and the Mississippi River, but there were few victories.
联合部队控制了新奥尔良和密西西比河,但几乎没有胜利.
Lincoln took over more of the military planning as the North called for action.
林肯随着北方要求采取行动而接管了更多的军事规划.
Great numbers of young soldiers on both sides were killed, wounded, or missing as the war continued into its second year.
随着战争进入第二年,双方有大批年轻士兵被炸死、炸伤或失踪。
Lincoln first grew a beard after winning the presidency but before moving to Washington.
林肯在赢得总统职位后,
The beard was a suggestion from an 11-year-old girl.
胡子是一个11岁女孩的建议。
The inauguration of Lincoln took place on March 4, 1861, at the U.
林肯的就职典礼于1861年3月4日在U.
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Capitol, which was still under construction.
国会大厦,仍在建造中。
The Union lost the second battle of Bull Run, and at Antietam both sides suffered the bloodiest battle of the war.
联盟在第二次公牛跑战中战败,在安提塔姆,双方遭受了最血腥的战争.
Powerful Republican senators urged President Lincoln to make the abolition of slavery a war goal.
强大的共和党参议员敦促林肯总统将废除奴隶制作为战争目标.
They argued that to fight the war successfully, the Union needed to remove the issue that caused the war.
他们认为要成功打出这场战争,联盟需要去除引起这场战争的问题.
Lincoln was finally convinced that as president he could order abolition in the South.
林肯最终确信作为总统,他可以在南方下令废除.
On January 1, 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation went into effect, which freed all the slaves in the South.
1863年1月1日"解放宣言"生效,解放了南方所有奴隶.
Freed blacks rushed to join the Union army, and by the end of the war, more than 180,000 former slaves had volunteered.
被放走的黑人匆忙地加入联盟军队,到战争结束时,已有18万多前奴隶自愿入伍.
The summer of 1863 brought victory to Union forces at Gettysburg, which was a turning point in the war.
1863年夏天给格底斯堡的联盟部队带来了胜利,这是战争的转折点.
President Lincoln, while dedicating a cemetery to the many soldiers who had died, delivered his famous Gettysburg Address.
林肯总统在为许多已经死去的士兵献出公墓的同时,还递交了著名的"葛底斯堡演说".
The speech lasted only two minutes, yet it is remembered for its simple beauty and eloquence.
演讲只持续了两分钟,然而人们却以简单的美丽和口才来纪念.
Lincoln spoke of the war as a test of whether the nation could survive as a democracy.
林肯谈到战争是为了检验国家能否作为一个民主国家活下来.
He challenged those still alive to complete the unfinished work of those who had died.
他向那些仍然活着的人提出挑战,要求他们完成那些已经死亡的人尚未完成的工作。
He challenged them to make sure “that the government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”
他要求他们确保“人民政府、人民政府、人民政府、人民政府,不会从地上消失。 “
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