Children’s Crusade
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents An Important Day in Birmingham.
伯明翰重要日子目录.
4 The Movement.
4 该运动。
5 Youth Take the Lead.
5青年取先.
8 Facing “Bull” Connor.
8 面对“布尔”康纳。
11 The Power of Pressure.
11 压力的力量。
13 A Next Generation for Civil Rights.
13 下一代民权。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 An Important Day in Birmingham On May 2, 1963, more than a thousand black children in Birmingham, Alabama, skipped school.
16 在伯明翰的重要一日 1963年5月2日,阿拉巴马州伯明翰有一千多名黑人儿童失学.
They gathered at the 16th Street Baptist Church as planned.
他们按计划聚集在第16街浸信会教堂.
At 1:00 p.
下午1点
m.
（a.m./p.m.时间缩写的结尾）
they marched, groups of fifty stepping out of the church doors two by two.
他们行走,50人从教堂门出门 一步一步走出来
They were clapping, laughing, and singing.
他们鼓掌、笑和唱歌。
All had absorbed the lessons of nonviolent direct action.
所有这一切都吸取了非暴力直接行动的教训。
Now they were setting out to challenge racial segregation—the forced separation of black people from white people—in perhaps the most segregated city in the United States.
现在他们开始挑战种族隔离—— 强制将黑人与白人分开—— 也许是美国最隔离的城市。
Birmingham’s all-white police force was waiting.
伯明翰的全白警察部队在等.
The week that followed was one of the most dramatic confrontations of the civil rights movement.
随后的一周是民权运动最戏剧性的对抗之一.
The Children’s Crusade, as it came to be called, exposed the ugliness of an American city’s racism for the nation and world to see.
被称作"儿童十字军"(The Children Crusade),暴露出美国城市种族主义的丑恶性,让全国和全世界看到.
It also brought new energy into African Americans’ long struggle to achieve equal rights in their own country.
这也为非裔美国人实现自己国家的平等权利的长期斗争带来了新的活力。
Young people protest during the Crusade.
青年在十字军东征期间抗议.
The Movement In the early 1960s, segregation was still the law in the American South.
不结盟运动 1960年代初,隔离仍然是美国南方的法律.
Known as Jim Crow laws, these policies and practices made African Americans second-class citizens in their own communities.
这些政策和做法被称为"吉姆·克罗"(Jim Crow)法律,使得非裔美国人在自己的社区中成为了二等公民.
By law, they had to use “Colored Only” public bathrooms and drinking fountains.
根据法律,他们必须使用“只有彩色”的公共浴室和饮用喷泉。
“Whites Only” signs warned them away from restaurants and other places where they were not welcome.
“只有白人”标志警告他们不要去餐馆和其他不受欢迎的地方。
Many were prevented from voting.
许多人被禁止投票。
If black citizens challenged this authority, they risked violence and death at the hands of white supremacist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan (KKK).
如果黑人公民对这一权威提出质疑,他们就会冒着暴力和死亡的危险被克克族(KKK)等白人至上主义团体所掌握.
As a rule, local police looked the other way or even helped.
通常,当地警察视而不见,甚至提供帮助。
THE KU KLUX KLAN The Ku Klux Klan is a racist hate group that believes white people are superior to other races.
库克卢斯克兰 三K党是一个种族主义仇恨团体,认为白人比其他种族优越.
They are known for their white robes and pointed hoods used to hide their identities and scare others.
他们以白色长袍和指向头罩出名,用来隐藏身份并恐吓他人.
The KKK was founded after the Civil War (1861–1865).
KKK成立于南北战争后(1861–1865).
Its original goal was to use violence and terror to reclaim white control in defeated Southern states.
其最初的目标是使用暴力和恐怖手段来收复被击败的南方各州的白人控制.
It was responsible for thousands of lynchings, or hangings.
它造成了上千起私刑 或绞刑
The group’s main victims have been African Americans.
该团体的主要受害者是非裔美国人。
However, it also expresses hatred for Jewish people, Catholics, and immigrants.
然而,它也表达了对犹太人,天主教徒和移民的仇恨.
A growing number of African Americans, though, were no longer willing to accept how badly they were treated.
然而,越来越多的非裔美国人不再愿意接受他们受到的虐待。
Many had served proudly in the U.
许多人都为在U服务而自豪。
S.
师曰.
military.
军事
They worked and paid taxes.
他们工作并纳税。
Each school morning, black students stood and recited the Pledge of Allegiance.
每个学校早上,黑人学生都站起并诵读"爱护誓言".
For generations, African Americans had seen their calls for equal rights rejected.
几代人以来,非裔美国人要求平等权利的呼声遭到拒绝。
In the 1950s, their organizing had taken on a new urgency.
1950年代,他们的组织有了新的紧迫感。
The civil rights movement gained support, momentum, and media attention.
民权运动获得了支持、势头和媒体的关注。
Dr.
医生
Martin Luther King Jr.
小马丁·路德·金.
leader of the movement.
运动领袖。
Dr.
医生
King, a Baptist minister, served as head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).
浸信会牧师King出任南方基督教领袖会议(SCLC)会长.
He and others developed a strategy of nonviolent direct action.
他和其他人制定了非暴力直接行动的战略.
This strategy involved organizing large demonstrations to challenge unjust laws.
这项战略包括组织大规模示威,以挑战不公正的法律。
The goal was to disrupt segregated communities and overwhelm police with mass arrests.
其目的是破坏被隔离的社区,并大规模地逮捕警察。
Protestors were trained to stay peaceful no matter what, even when attacked.
即使遭到袭击,抗议者也接受了保持和平的培训。
The belief was that as more Americans saw the cruelty and injustice African Americans endured, more of them would support the cause.
人们相信,随着更多的美国人看到非裔美国人遭受的残酷和不公正待遇,他们中更多的人将支持这一事业。
Dr.
医生
Martin Luther King Jr.
小马丁·路德·金.
By 1963, though, the civil rights movement had lost some of its momentum.
然而到1963年,民权运动已经失去了一些动力.
Fewer protestors were showing up at demonstrations.
示威游行的抗议者较少。
Newspapers and TV networks were less likely to send reporters and cameras to cover protests.
报纸和电视网不太可能派记者和相机报道抗议活动。
White officials were learning to dial down violent attacks on protestors to avoid bad news coverage.
白人官员正在学习拨打对抗议者的暴力攻击,以避免坏消息报道。
SCLC leaders believed the movement needed a high-profile success.
SCLC领导人认为该运动需要高调的成功.
They decided to organize a new campaign of protests.
他们决定组织新的抗议运动.
They set their sights on what many considered the most segregated city in the United States—Birmingham, Alabama.
他们把目光投向许多人认为是美国最隔离的城市——阿拉巴马州伯明翰.
SUNDOWN TOWNS The history of segregation and the civil rights movement often focuses on the South.
太阳城 种族隔离的历史和民权运动经常以南方为焦点.
In northern and western states, though, African Americans and other minority groups also have faced widespread discrimination.
然而,在北部和西部各州,非裔美国人和其他少数群体也面临着广泛的歧视。
For example, unofficial “sundown laws” set curfews for nonwhites within city limits.
例如,非官方的“日落法”规定在城市范围内对非白人实行宵禁。
Not only could they not live in these places, but they also faced dangerous consequences if they were caught there after dark.
他们不仅不能生活在这些地方,而且如果在天黑后被抓住,他们也会面临危险的后果。
Thousands of “sundown towns” existed across the country, from Darien, Connecticut, to La Crosse, Wisconsin, to Glendale, California.
从康涅狄格州的达里安到威斯康辛州的拉克罗斯到加利福尼亚州的格伦代尔,全国有上千个“下沉城镇”。
This sign was used to enforce racial segregation in a sundown town in 1949.
1949年,这个标志被用于在日落小镇实施种族隔离.
Youth Take the Lead In early 1963, Fred Shuttlesworth—a Birmingham Baptist minister and cofounder of the SCLC—invited Dr.
青春领跑 1963年初,Fred Shuttlesworth——一位伯明翰浸信会的部长和SCLC的联合创始人——邀请了Dr.
King and SCLC organizers to his city.
国王和SCLC组织者前往他的城市.
They called the Birmingham campaign “Project C”— C for confrontation.
他们称伯明翰运动为“C-C项目”对抗。
Birmingham was known as a dangerous place for African Americans.
伯明翰被称作非裔美国人的一个危险地.
Some called it “Bombingham” because of its history of bombings that targeted black homes and churches.
有人称它为“Bombingham”,因为它轰炸黑人住宅和教堂的历史。
Shuttlesworth himself had survived several attempts on his life.
Shuttlesworth本人在几次尝试中幸存下来。
Not everyone was enthusiastic to have Dr.
不是每个人都热衷于有医生
King show up in Birmingham.
王出自伯明翰.
Some blacks as well as most whites viewed Dr.
有些黑人和大多数白人都看医生
King, who was based in Atlanta, Georgia, as an outsider.
原驻佐治亚州亚特兰大市的国王为外人.
They did not want him causing trouble in their city.
他们不希望他在他们的城市制造麻烦。
In the national struggle for civil rights, though, Dr.
然而,在争取公民权利的全国性斗争中,Dr.
King was a lightning rod.
国王是个闪电棒
Wherever he went, the power of the press followed.
无论他走到哪里,媒体的力量都随之而来。
Project C got off to a sluggish start.
C项目开局缓慢
People went to church meetings where Dr.
人们去教堂开会,医生。
King spoke.
国王说。
When they were asked to take part in protests, however, they hesitated.
然而,当他们被要求参加抗议时,他们犹豫不决。
The great majority of Birmingham’s African American families were working class and had low incomes.
伯明翰绝大多数的非裔美国人家庭都是工人阶级,收入很低.
Many black breadwinners worked for white people.
许多黑人养家糊口的人为白人工作.
They feared losing their jobs if they were jailed, or worse.
他们担心如果被监禁或更糟,就会失去工作。
All the while, though, their children were watching and listening.
但与此同时,他们的孩子正在观看和聆听。
They had also been taking part in workshops on civil rights and nonviolent direct action.
他们还参加了关于公民权利和非暴力直接行动的讲习班。
SCLC youth organizers, based on what they saw, proposed a risky new strategy.
SCLC青年组织者根据他们所看到的,提出了有风险的新战略。
What about having students take a leading role in the protests?
让学生在抗议中起带头作用如何?
The young people were excited, and most did not have jobs to lose.
年轻人很兴奋,大多数人没有可失去的工作。
The arrest of children would paint the city in the worst light— exactly what the protests called for.
逮捕儿童将给这座城市描绘出最糟糕的一面——正是抗议活动所要求的。
The idea was controversial.
这个想法引起了争议.
At first, Dr.
起初,医生
King and other leaders said no.
国王和其他领导人都说不。
They did not want to put children and teens in harm’s way.
他们不想伤害儿童和青少年。
Most parents disapproved, fearing for their children’s safety.
大多数父母不赞成,担心孩子的安全。
The young people, though, were eager to play a part in the movement.
然而,年轻人渴望在运动中发挥作用。
They had grown up observing the discrimination and humiliation their parents and grandparents lived with.
他们长大后就注意到他们父母和祖父母所生活的歧视和屈辱。
They experienced it themselves when they could not go swimming at the Whites Only public pool or order a hamburger at a lunch counter.
他们自己体验过,当时他们不能去 白人只在公共泳池游泳 或订购汉堡 在午餐柜台。
Now, they had a chance to make their voices heard to protest unfair treatment.
现在,他们有机会发出声音,抗议不公平的待遇。
Church groups formed an important part of the protests against segregation.
教会团体是反对隔离抗议的重要组成部分.
African American students began spreading the word about something called “D-Day”—short for “Demonstration Day” or “Ditch Day.”
非裔美国学生开始传播所谓 " D-Day " 的言论,简称为 " D-Day " 或 " Ditch Day " 。 “
DJs at the local black radio station dropped hints on the air.
当地黑人电台的DJs在播出时投下暗示.
The event, whatever it might be, was scheduled for 11:00 a.
该活动,无论可能是什么, 安排在11: 00 a。
m.
（a.m./p.m.时间缩写的结尾）
on May 2, 1963.
1963年5月2日,马来西安.
Black children and teens, from grade schoolers to college students, were advised to bring their toothbrushes.
黑人儿童和青少年,从年级学生到大学生,都被建议带上牙刷.
The suggestion was clear: They might not be sleeping in their own beds that night.
该建议是明确的: 那晚他们可能不会睡在自己的床上
The day and hour came.
时日来至.
Outside one Birmingham high school, some youth held up a sign that read “It’s Time.”
在伯明翰一所高中外,一些青年举起一个标语,写道“是时候了”。 “
Within minutes, hundreds of young people were headed to the exits, some climbing out classroom windows.
几分钟内,数百名年轻人前往出口,有些人爬出教室窗户。
The young people gathered at the 16th Street Baptist Church.
年轻人聚集在第16街浸信会教堂.
Then, they marched into history.
后出征入历史.
THE LETTER FROM BIRMINGHAM JAIL On April 12, 1963, Birmingham police arrested Dr.
柏林的信 1963年4月12日,伯明翰警方逮捕了Dr.
Martin Luther King Jr.
小马丁·路德·金.
for “parading without a permit.”
“无证放行。 “
He was jailed for eight days.
他被监禁了八天。
While locked up, he wrote a letter responding to a group of Birmingham’s white clergy.
他写了一封信回应伯明翰的一群白人神职人员。
They had urged him to be more patient and less disruptive.
他们敦促他更加耐心,减少干扰。
In his response, Dr.
在答复中,Dr.
King stated that centuries of patience had won black people nothing.
国王表示,数个世纪的耐心没有给黑人带来什么好处.
He urged white religious leaders to stop making excuses for discrimination and to support the cause of civil rights for African Americans.
他敦促白人宗教领袖停止为歧视找借口,支持非裔美国人的民权事业.
His “Letter from Birmingham Jail” remains one of the most powerful arguments for racial justice ever written.
他的“伯明翰监狱的信”仍然是有史以来最有力的种族正义论据之一。
Facing “Bull” Connor Eugene “Bull” Connor had been elected Birmingham’s commissioner of public safety seven times.
面对“布道”的康纳·尤金·“布道”的康纳已七次被选为伯明翰的公共安全专员。
He was an extreme segregationist with a strong mean streak.
他是一个极端的隔离主义者 有着强烈的恶性。
He was also in charge of the police and fire departments.
他还负责警察和消防部门。
Police officers and firefighters were on the front lines, instructed to block the young black protestors from marching the several blocks to downtown, where they intended to go.
警察和消防员站在前线,指示他们阻止年轻的黑人抗议者游行到市中心,他们打算到那里去。
By 3:00 p.
3点前
m.
（a.m./p.m.时间缩写的结尾）
on May 2, more than six hundred young people had been locked up.
5月2日,600多名年轻人被关起来。
Behind bars, the marchers prayed and sang to keep up their spirits.
在酒吧后,行走者祈祷并唱歌来保持精神.
The Children’s March was having the desired effect, and the nation’s attention was drawn to the drama.
" 儿童行军 " 正在产生所希望的效果,引起全国对戏剧的关注。
The next day, Friday, May 3, black students again skipped school to try to march downtown.
第二天,5月3日星期五,黑人学生再次跳出学校试图去市区游行.
Connor was ready to use force to stop them.
Connor准备使用武力阻止他们
Reporters and cameramen were waiting to witness what came next.
记者和摄影师等着见证接下来发生的事
Eugene “Bull” Connor was Birmingham’s police commissioner during the protests.
Eugene “Bull” Connor在抗议期间是伯明翰的警务专员。
Connor ordered his police officers to start making arrests.
Connor命令他的警察开始逮捕.
They used their batons to shove and punch protestors.
他们用警棍来推和打抗议者。
Then Connor ordered his firefighters to target groups of marchers with fire hoses.
随后康纳命令他的消防员用消防管将行军人群作为目标.
The high- powered streams of water delivered painful blasts to their heads, chests, and legs.
高电源的水流给他们的头部、胸部和腿带来了痛苦的爆炸。
Some protestors were knocked off their feet and rolled down the street.
一些抗议者的脚被砍下并卷下街道.
Others sought shelter behind trees and buildings.
其他人则在树木和建筑物后寻求庇护。
Connor also brought in police dogs to attack and frighten protestors.
Connor还带了警犬来袭击并恐吓抗议者.
By the end of the day, another two thousand young people had been arrested.
到最后,又有两千名年轻人被捕.
With area jails already filled to bursting, the children and teens were bused to the local fairgrounds, where they were locked up, some in smelly animal pens.
孩子们和十几岁的孩子被赶到当地集市,
Still, many were ready to keep protesting.
然而,许多人仍准备继续抗议。
Some who had been jailed and released turned right around to get arrested again.
一些被监禁并被释放的人转过身来再次被捕。
Seeing the young people’s courage, more adults joined the demonstrations.
看到年轻人的勇气,
They swelled the ranks of the marchers and helped paralyze the city.
他们扩大了行军队伍,帮助城市瘫痪.
A Birmingham firefighter blasts protestors with high-pressure water from a firehose.
一辆伯明翰消防车用高压水用火花向抗议者开火。
The Power of Pressure The next day, Saturday, the events in Birmingham were the top news story across the country.
压力的力量 次日"星期六",伯明翰事件是全国一流新闻.
TV broadcasts captured firefighters blasting young people with water.
电视广播抓获消防员用水打年轻人.
Front-page photos showed police dogs tearing at the clothes of peaceful marchers.
前页照片显示警犬撕裂和平游行者的衣服.
In Washington, D.
在华盛顿.
C.
C组
, President John F.
约翰·菲总统
Kennedy was said to be sickened by what he saw.
据说肯尼迪因所见所闻而生病.
He made phone calls to SCLC leaders as well as Birmingham officials.
他打电话给SCLC领导人以及伯明翰官员。
He urged them all to call a truce.
他敦促他们都呼吁停战。
He sent representatives to try to help the two sides negotiate some kind of settlement.
他派出代表试图帮助双方谈判某种解决办法.
Meanwhile, the protests resumed.
与此同时,抗议活动又恢复了。
Bull Connor and his terror tactics were losing their bite, however.
然而,公牛康纳和他的恐怖策略 正在失去他们的咬。
Birmingham’s black citizens— both young and old—were less and less afraid.
伯明翰的黑人公民无论年轻还是老,都越来越害怕。
On the other side, Birmingham’s white business owners had been backed into a corner.
另一方面,伯明翰的白人商业业主被支持到一角.
They had already lost a great deal of money because of Birmingham’s racial troubles.
他们已经因为伯明翰的种族麻烦而损失了一大笔钱。
They and other civic leaders recognized the ongoing damage being done to their city’s reputation.
他们和其他民间领袖都承认,他们的城市声誉正在遭受损害。
President John F.
总统约翰·F.
Kennedy made a televised speech on civil rights on June 11, 1963.
肯尼迪于1963年6月11日发表了关于公民权利的电视讲话.
On May 8, 1963, Dr.
1963年5月8日,医生.
King and other leaders agreed to suspend the protests while the two sides negotiated.
国王等领导人同意在双方谈判时暂停抗议活动.
The talks were tense.
会谈很紧张。
On May 10, a cautious agreement was reached.
5月10日,达成了谨慎的协议.
The city agreed to desegregate public restrooms and drinking fountains within ninety days.
该市同意在90天内去除公共洗手间和饮用喷泉.
Downtown businesses promised to desegregate lunch counters and clothing changing rooms.
下城企业承诺取消午餐柜台和服装更衣室的隔离.
Arrangements were made for the release of the young protestors still in jail.
为释放仍在监狱中的青年抗议者作出了安排。
Job discrimination and other issues would be discussed at future meetings.
今后的会议将讨论工作歧视和其他问题。
The campaign had succeeded in desegregating one of the most segregated cities in the nation, inspired by a new generation of young activists.
这场运动在新一代青年活动家的激励下,成功地消除了全国最隔离的城市之一的隔离。
BOMBINGHAM On May 11, 1963, the Ku Klux Klan bombed the Gaston Motel where Dr.
柏林 1963年5月11日,三K党轰炸了Gaston汽车旅馆。
King and other SCLC leaders had been staying.
King和SCLC的其他领导人一直在逗留。
Another bomb wrecked the home of Dr.
另一起炸弹炸毁了医生的家
King’s brother.
王从弟.
No one was hurt.
没有人受伤。
On September 15, 1963, the Klan bombed the 16th Street Baptist Church during Sunday services.
1963年9月15日,三K党在星期日礼拜期间轰炸了16街浸信会.
Four girls were killed: Denise Mc Nair (11), Cynthia Wesley (14), Addie Mae Collins (14), and Carole Robertson (14).
四名女孩被杀死: 丹妮丝·麦克·奈尔(11),辛西娅·韦斯利(14),艾迪·梅·柯林斯(14)和卡罗尔·罗伯逊(14).
Their deaths stirred new support for civil rights protections.
他们的死亡引起了对公民权利保护的新支持。
A Next Generation for Civil Rights The civil rights movement marched ahead, riding the momentum of the Children’s March.
下一代公民权利组织 民权运动向前走,
In hindsight, the events in Birmingham proved to be an important turning point.
事后看来,伯明翰事件证明是一个重要的转折点.
A month after the protests, President Kennedy made a television address to the nation.
抗议活动一个月后,肯尼迪总统向全国发表电视讲话.
In it, he mentioned Birmingham in challenging the country to end segregation once and for all.
他在其中提到伯明翰挑战国家彻底结束隔离.
He promised new federal civil rights laws to protect African Americans.
他承诺制定新的联邦民权法来保护非裔美国人.
Many black people were moved to tears hearing the president of the United States finally supporting their cause.
许多黑人被感动为眼泪,听到美国总统终于支持他们的事业.
Many goals of the civil rights movement became law in the years that followed.
民权运动的许多目标在随后的几年里成为了法律.
The next year, the United States Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
次年,美国国会通过了"1964年民权法案".
It outlawed segregation and discrimination based on race, color, religion, gender, or national origin.
它禁止基于种族、肤色、宗教、性别或民族血统的隔离和歧视。
In 1965, the Voting Rights Act struck down state policies that blocked African Americans from voting.
1965年,"投票权法"废除了阻止非裔美国人投票的国家政策.
Racial prejudice and discrimination did not end with these new actions.
种族偏见和歧视并没有以这些新的行动而结束。
However, the movement’s fight for fair and equal treatment had opened new opportunities for African Americans and begun a new chapter in the history of the United States.
然而,该运动争取公平和平等待遇的斗争为非裔美国人开辟了新的机会并开启了美国历史上的新篇章.
Glossary activists (n.)
词汇活动家(n.)
people who work to bring about social or political change (p.
致力于实现社会或政治变革的人(第5页)。
14) confrontations (n.)
14) 对抗 (n.
arguments or fights between two opposing people or groups (p.
两个对立的人或团体之间的争论或斗争(p.
4) controversial (adj.)
4) 有争议 (adj.
causing much disagreement (p.
造成很大分歧(p.
9) demonstrations (n.)
9) 示威(n.
public events where people show their support or opposition (p.
民众表示支持或反对的公开活动(p.
6) discrimination (n.)
6) 歧视(n.)
the unfair treatment of a person or group based on gender, race, age, religion, or other differences (p.
基于性别、种族、年龄、宗教或其他区别(p.
9) disrupt (v.)
9) 扰乱(五.
to prevent or delay something from happening in the usual way (p.
以通常的方式防止或拖延事物发生(p.
6) momentum (n.)
6) 动力(n.)
the strength or force that keeps something moving or increasing over time (p.
使某物随时间而移动或增加的强度或力(p.
6) negotiate (v.)
6)谈判(五.
to try to reach a formal agreement through discussion (p.
试图通过讨论达成正式协议(p.
13) nonviolent direct action (n.)
13)非暴力直接行动(n.