Baseball
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents What Is Baseball?
内容表 什么是棒球?
4 The Rules of the Game.
4游戏规则.
6 American Baseball: A Look Back.
6"美国棒球:回顾".
9 Historic Stadiums.
9个历史体育场.
11 Baseball Legends.
11"棒球传奇".
13 A Timeless Sport.
13 A 无时体育.
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Artist George H.
16 艺术家乔治·H.
Hastings’s work shows spectators watching the Boston baseball club, also called the “Boston Beaneaters,” at play in the 1880s.
黑斯廷斯的作品显示观众观看了波士顿棒球俱乐部,也叫"波士顿豆人"(Boston Beaneters),在1880年代出演.
What Is Baseball?
棒球是什么来着?
Long before the United States existed, the game we recognize today as baseball was shaped by the early English settlers who brought differing versions of the game to the British colonies.
早在美国存在之前,我们今天承认为棒球的游戏就是由早期的英国定居者所塑造的,他们给英国殖民地带来了不同的游戏版本.
Stool ball, trap ball, and rounders were all played in eighteenth-century America, and all of these games involved batting, throwing, running, and making quick decisions.
凳子球,陷阱球,和圆圈球都是在18世纪的美国玩的,所有这些游戏都涉及到打球,投掷,跑跑,以及快速决定.
In 1845, nearly 70 years after the United States declared its independence from the British, a club called the Knickerbockers met in New York City.
1845年,在美国宣布从英国独立近70年后,一个叫克尼克斯博克的俱乐部在纽约市相会.
The baseball regulations they created became the foundation for the game millions of people around the world enjoy today.
他们创建的棒球条例成为了今天全世界数百万人享受的游戏的基础.
Countries that play baseball Baseball is a major sport in many countries, including Canada, the United States, Argentina, South Korea, Taiwan, and Japan.
玩棒球的国家 棒球是加拿大,美国,阿根廷,韩国,台湾,日本等许多国家的一项重大运动.
Baseball Around the World In North America, there are currently 30 Major League Baseball (MLB) teams vying to win the coveted North American championship—the World Series.
在北美,目前有30支主要联赛棒球队(MLB)竞相取胜,以夺得所爱好的北美冠军-世界大赛.
There are 240 minor league teams as well.
也有240支小联盟球队.
Minor leagues offer players the chance to hone their skills, and a small percentage make it to the major leagues.
小联赛为球员提供了磨练技能的机会,有一小部分成功升入了主要联赛.
Today, “the great American pastime” is played globally in over one hundred countries with millions of fans.
今天,“伟大的美国消遣”在全球100多个国家播放,有数百万的粉丝。
International baseball competition is governed by the World Baseball Softball Confederation, which organizes the World Baseball Classic.
国际棒球比赛由举办"世界棒球经典"的世界棒球软球联合会管理.
This international tournament is played every four years and was created to promote baseball around the world.
本届国际赛事每四年出场一次,创立的目的是在全世界推广棒球.
For youth players, Little League is extremely popular, with about 2.
对于青年球员来说,"小联盟"极受欢迎,约有2.
4 million players in over one hundred countries.
百多个国家400万球员.
The Little League World Series has been held every year since 1947.
小联盟世界大赛自1947年起每年举办一次.
Baseball’s Playing Field infield infield pitcher’s mound home plate on-deck circle coach’s box coach’s box on-deck circle outfield foul territory center field left field right field center fielder right fielder left fielder third baseman first baseman second baseman shortstop pitcher catcher A baseball infield is sometimes called a diamond because of the shape of the layout of the bases.
棒球在野外打球 球员在野外打球 球员在野外打球 球员在野外打球 球员在野外打球 球员在野外打球 球员在野外打球 球员在野外打球 球员在野外打球
The Rules of the Game Baseball games have two opposing teams consisting of nine players on each team.
"游戏棒球游戏规则"有两支对立的球队,由每队9名球员组成.
The teams take turns playing offense (batting and base running) and defense (pitching and fielding).
各队轮流出战(打斗和基地跑道)和防守(打斗和出战).
The pitcher throws the ball to a catcher on his or her team, and when a batter from the other team swings the bat and hits the ball, he or she runs counter-clockwise around the bases to home plate, touching each base in order.
投球手将球投给自己球队的接球手,当来自另一支球队的击球手挥出球棒并打入球后,他/她会逆时针绕着球垒跑到主板上,按顺序触及每个球垒.
If a batter doesn’t swing and the ball is within the strike zone, or swings and misses, the ball is declared a strike by the umpire.
如果击球员不摇摆而球在击球区内,
A batter with less than two strikes is also issued a strike if he or she hits a foul ball—any ball hit into foul territory.
打击次数少于两次的击球员,如果击入一球即被击入一球。
After three strikes, the batter is out.
三击后击出.
If a pitch is outside the strike zone and the batter doesn’t swing, it’s declared a ball.
如果球投出球场外,
If a pitcher pitches four balls, the batter “walks” to first base.
如果投手投出4个入球,击球手"走"入一垒.
If a player hits the ball beyond the outfield or runs all the way to home base right after hitting the ball, it’s a home run.
如果球员在球出局后击出球,
If not, the base runner can remain safely on one of the bases until a teammate hits a ball, at which point the runner can sprint to the next base.
如果没有的话,垒跑者可以安全地留在一垒上,直到队友打入一球,此时垒跑者可以跑到下一垒.
Only one runner may occupy a base.
只有一个跑者可以占据一个基地。
Each runner who touches home plate scores one run.
每跑一跑,谁触摸出主板 得分一跑。
The team with the most runs wins the game.
跑得最多的球队赢得了比赛.
A batter hits the ball and runs toward first base.
击球手打入一垒
In the field, players scramble to try to catch a fly ball or field a ground ball to stop the runner from advancing around the bases.
在球场上,球员会跑来试图接住飞球或出场地球来阻止跑者在基地周围推进.
If the ball is caught without touching the ground, the batter is out.
如果球被接住而没有触地,击球手就出局了.
If the ball touches the ground first, the ball is fielded and the defensive team works together to get it to a base player who can force out a runner by tagging or touching the runner or the base he or she is required to advance to.
如果球被先触地,则球被外出并被防守队共同出击,以得到一个能通过标记或触碰跑者或要求他(她)推进到的基地来迫使跑者出击.
When the team at bat gets three outs, the teams switch positions.
当球队出场3次时,球队换出位置.
Baseball Statistics A runner successfully slides into home base.
棒球统计 一个跑者成功滑入主基地.
Earned Run Average (ERA) runs allowed ÷ innings pitched x 9 = ERA Question: If a pitcher allowed 20 runs in 63 innings, what is his or her ERA?
收益运行平均值( ERA) 允许 QQ 投出 x 9=电子逆向拍卖 问: 如果一个投出者允许在63分内跑出20分,他的ERA是什么?
Batting Average (AVG) hits ÷ at bats = AVG Question: If a batter gets 25 hits in 103 times at bat, what is his or her AVG?
Batting Everyer(AVG)出击出击出击出出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出击出 如果击球手在103次击球中得到25个入球,他的AVG是什么?
There are nine innings in a baseball game.
棒球比赛有九次比赛
One inning consists of each team playing once in the field and once at bat.
一局由每支球队在球场上出场一次和在球棒上出场一次组成.
The visiting team always bats first, and the home team bats second.
客队总是先打后打,主队则先打后打.
If the score is tied at the end of the nine innings, extra innings are played until there is a winner.
如果比分被捆绑在了九连胜后,则会多出一分,直到有赢家为止.
Baseball relies on many statistics (stats) to evaluate the success of its players.
棒球依靠许多统计(stats)来评价球员的成功.
A pitcher’s Earned Run Average (ERA) is calculated by dividing the number of runs the pitcher has allowed by the total number of innings pitched.
投出者所得跑取平均值(ERA)的计算方法是,将投出者所允许跑取的跑取总投出数相除.
This number is multiplied by nine (the number of innings in a regular baseball game) to get the average.
这个数字被乘以9(常规棒球比赛中的入场次数)来得到平均值.
Important stats for batters are the batting average, or A VG, and runs batted in, or RBI.
击球手的重要统计值是击打平均值,即A VG,并打入,或RBI。
The batting average is determined by comparing a batter’s number of hits to his or her total times at bat.
击球员的击球次数与击球员的总击球次数相比较,确定击球员的平均击球次数。
The RBI tells how many runners have scored based on the batter’s success at the plate.
RBI根据击球手在板上的成功,
A Newark player at bat in 1936.
1936年出道于蝙蝠队的纽瓦克球员.
Hundreds of teams participated in the Negro Leagues.
上百支球队参加了黑人联盟.
American Baseball: A Look Back Due to racial discrimination in the United States in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, there were once different leagues for African American players.
美国棒球:回头看 由于美国19世纪和20世纪的种族歧视,非裔美国球员一度有过不同的联赛.
From 1890 to 1947, major league baseball was off-limits to African Americans and Latinos, but discrimination didn’t prevent them from playing.
从1890年到1947年,主要的联赛棒球禁止非裔美国人和拉美人出场,但歧视并没有阻止他们出场.
As early as 1870, African American teams known as the “Negro Leagues” had developed.
早在1870年,被称为"黑人联盟"的非裔美国球队就已经发展出.
These leagues included some of the most talented players in the game.
这些联赛包括了赛事中一些最有才华的球员.
Over time, baseball evolved, the color barrier crumbled, and the Negro Leagues faded away.
随着时间的推移,棒球发展, 颜色屏障倒塌, 黑人联盟逐渐消失。
Women practiced their skills during many professional games in the 1940s and 1950s.
女性在1940年代和1950年代的许多职业游戏中练习了自己的技能.
Over six hundred women competed in fifteen professional women’s teams.
600多名妇女参加了15个专业妇女小组的比赛。
Women have never been allowed to participate in a major league game, but they have contributed significantly to the sport.
女子从未被允许参加一个主要的联赛比赛,但她们为这项运动做出了重大贡献.
In 1943, millions of men, including professional baseball players, had enlisted in the armed forces to fight in World War II.
1943年,包括职业棒球运动员在内的上百万名男子入伍参加二战.
With the major league talent pool depleted, Chicago Cubs owner Philip Wrigley was inspired to start a professional women’s baseball league.
随着主要联赛人才池的耗尽,芝加哥小熊老板菲利普·格里格利被启发开始职业女子棒球联赛.
The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL), as they were called, had as many as twenty thousand cheering fans come out to watch them play a game in their early days.
全美女子职业棒球联赛(英语:AAGPBL (AGPBL)),被称作"全美女子职业棒球联赛"(AAGPBL),有多达2万名欢呼的球迷出场观看他们早期的比赛.
After the war, major league players began to return home and professional baseball became predominantly a man’s game again.
战后,主要联赛球员开始回归家乡,职业棒球再次以男子主打为主.
The women’s league played its last season in 1954.
女子联赛在1954年上个赛季出场.
Like fans in many cities, fans in Boston have a special place in their hearts for their ball field.
和许多城市的球迷一样,波士顿的球迷在心上为他们的球场占有特殊的地位.
Up to 37,673 fans fill seats at Fenway Park.
多达37,673名球迷填补了芬威公园的席位.
Historic Stadiums As the game became more popular, baseball’s landscape began to change.
历史体育场馆 随着比赛越来越受欢迎,棒球的地貌开始发生变化.
For years, the East Coast was the focus of baseball.
多年来,东海岸一直是棒球的重点.
However, in 1957 the Brooklyn Dodgers made the decision to move to Los Angeles, and were soon followed by the New York Giants, who found a new home in San Francisco.
然而,1957年布鲁克林道奇队作出迁入洛杉矶的决定,不久后又被纽约巨人队追上,他们又在旧金山找到了一栋新家.
With the move west, new teams and divisions were added, old ballparks began to be torn down, and new stadiums were built.
随着西迁,又增加了新的球队和师,老球场也开始被拆除,并新建了体育场.
Home to the Red Sox, Fenway Park in Boston is the oldest major league ballpark in the United States.
家乡为红袜,波士顿的芬威公园是美国最古老的主要联赛球场.
Fenway opened on April 20, 1912.
1912年4月20日芬威开业.
Today it remains much the same as when it was first built.
今天,它仍然与最初建造时大同小异。
The second- oldest stadium is Wrigley Field in Chicago, home to the Cubs and built in 1914.
第二古老的体育场是芝加哥的格里格利球场(Wrigley Field),是小熊队的主场,建于1914年.
Although both these stadiums show their age, fans believe there is something very special about them.
虽然这两个体育场都展现出他们的年龄,但球迷们相信他们身上有一些非常特殊的东西.
Wrigley and Fenway are steeped in history.
瑞格利和芬威在历史上是陡峭的.
They are reminders to fans that even though many things change, these two aging stadiums remain the same.
他们提醒球迷,尽管很多事情变了,这两个老化的体育场依旧不变.
Major league baseball, once having had only sixteen stadiums, is now played in thirty arenas across the country.
主要的联赛棒球曾经只有16个体育场,现在在全国30个竞技场中出场.
Long ago, games were only played in the daytime.
很久以前,游戏只在白天播放.
Now they are often played at night and in domed stadiums.
现在经常在夜间和圆顶体育场演奏.
Additionally, players were rarely traded and enjoyed playing on one team for many seasons.
此外，球员过去很少被交易，往往会在同一支球队效力多个赛季。
Today, there is constant movement of players as they are traded frequently throughout the season.
今天,由于球员在整个赛季频繁被交易,因此球员的出行不断.
Wrigley field seats 41,072 fans.
Wrigley 场上坐了41,072名球迷.
Wrigley Field seats 41,072 devoted fans.
Wrigley Field 座椅 41,072位专注的球迷.
Baseball Legends George Herman Ruth, better known as “Babe,” is the most famous baseball player in history and is considered by many to be the best baseball player who ever lived.
棒球传奇·乔治·赫尔曼·鲁斯(英語:George Herman Ruth,又名"Babe")是历史上最出名的棒球运动员,被许多人认为是史上最好的棒球运动员.
As a Yankee, Babe, also known as the “Sultan of Swat,” spent twenty-two seasons with the majors, broke every record for home runs, and helped set unheard-of attendance records in professional baseball.
作为洋基人,也被称为"斯瓦特的苏尔坦"(Sultan of Swat)的贝比与各大队共度过了22个赛季,打破了每支全垒打的纪录,并帮助在职业棒球中设定出场纪录未闻.
Babe assisted the Yankees in winning seven pennants and four World Series titles.
贝比协助洋基队赢得了7个倒数和4个世界大赛头衔.
American hero Jackie Robinson became a symbol of hope to many Americans on April 15, 1947, when he broke through the color barrier and became the first African American major league player.
美国英雄杰基·罗宾逊于1947年4月15日突破了色彩屏障并成为首位非裔美国主要联赛球员后,成为了许多美国人的希望之象征.
“Number 42” was with the Dodgers for ten seasons, playing in six World Series for the team, which won the championship title in 1955.
"第42名"与道奇队共出场10个赛季,为球队打入了6个世界大赛,1955年获得冠军头衔.
The baseball world observes Jackie Robinson Day each year on April 15.
棒球界每年4月15日都会纪念杰基·罗宾逊日.
Babe Ruth Jackie Robinson Known as “the Pride of Puerto Rico,” baseball legend Roberto Clemente played right field for the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1955 to 1972.
Baby Ruth Jackie Robinson是“波多黎各的骄傲”,棒球传奇Roberto Clemente在1955年至1972年期间为匹兹堡海盗队打出正球。
His home run in Game 7 of the 1971 World Series was decisive, as the Pirates defeated the Orioles 2-1 to capture the series championship.
他在1971年世界大赛的Game 7的全垒打中起了决定性作用,因为海盗队为夺取系列冠军而击败了"奥里奥斯2-1".
In 1972, Roberto was tragically killed in a plane crash.
1972年,罗伯托在飞机失事中不幸遇难.
The following summer, he was elected the first Latin American player to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.
次年夏天,他入选了首位入选棒球名人堂的拉美球员.
Derek Jeter is a modern baseball hero who is regarded as one of baseball’s greatest competitors.
Derek Jeter是一位现代棒球英雄,
As a shortstop, Derek was a leader in scoring hits and runs in the American League and was a five- time World Series champion.
作为一名短道速滑运动员,德里克是美国联赛积分榜和跑道的领跑者,并曾获得过5次世界大赛冠军.
When he retired from the game in October 2014, he remarked, “The thing that means the most to me is to be remembered as a Yankee.”
2014年10月从比赛中退役时,他评论道:"对我来说最重要的事情就是被人们记住是一名洋基. “
A player slides past the catcher to score a run in the baseball Little League World Series in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, in 2013.
2013年在宾夕法尼亚州威廉斯波特举行的棒球小联盟世界大赛中,一名玩家滑过接球手以获得跑分.
A Timeless Sport Baseball is a wonderful pastime, but it goes beyond that.
无时无刻的体育棒球是一种美妙的消遣,但它超越了这一点。
Players of the game rely on sharp mental skills as well as physical strength.
游戏玩家依靠敏锐的智力和体能.
Some people believe that baseball is like life itself.
有些人认为棒球就像生活本身.
On baseball teams, just as in life, everyone has a position to play, and players have to cooperate to be successful.
在棒球队中,和生活中一样,每个人都有打球的位置,球员必须合作才能成功.
Each year, with the onset of spring and warmer weather, a new baseball season begins.
每年随着春天和更温暖的天气的到来,一个新的棒球季也开始.
Baseball is not just for players, it’s also a diversion for millions around the world.
棒球不仅对球员来说,
It takes fans back to fond memories of childhood when they played T-ball, stickball, and softball.
它让粉丝们回到童年的美好记忆中,当他们玩了T-球,棒球,和垒球.
It embodies many of the great qualities of the human spirit—patience, perseverance, and the seizing of once-in-a-lifetime opportunities.
它体现了人类精神的许多伟大品质——空间、毅力和抓住一生中的机会。
Glossary barrier (n.)
词汇障碍 (n.)
a rule, obstacle, or problem that blocks progress (p.
阻碍进展的规则、障碍或问题(p.
9) coveted (adj.)
9)被渴望 (adj.
strongly desired (p.
强烈渴望的（第
5) discrimination (n.)
5) 歧视(n.)
the unfair treatment of a person or group based on gender, race, age, religion, or other differences (p.
基于性别、种族、年龄、宗教或其他区别(p.
9) fielding (v.)
9)出地(五.