Apollo 11
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Walking on the Moon.
月球行走目录.
4 Milestones and Setbacks.
4 里程碑和挫折。
6 Apollo Resumes.
6 阿波罗回忆录.
9 “We Have Liftoff”.
9 “我们有升降机”。
10 “The Eagle Has Landed”.
10 “鹰已着陆”。
11 A Step, a Leap, a Splash.
11 一步一跃一跃一出.
13 Heroes of the Heavens.
13"天下英雄传".
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Walking on the Moon On July 20, 1969, half a billion people around the globe were glued to their television screens.
16 在月球上行走 1969年7月20日,全球有5亿人被粘上电视屏幕.
At the same time, millions listened to radio broadcasts.
与此同时,数百万人收听了无线电广播。
An event marking a milestone in human history was unfolding over the airwaves.
一场标志着人类历史里程碑的事件正在空中波浪上展开。
For the first time ever, astronauts were walking on Earth’s moon.
宇航员首次走入地上月球.
In just six decades, humans had gone from flying a few feet above the ground to visiting the lunar surface.
在短短的60年里,人类从从地上数英尺高的飞行到月球表面的出访.
This incredible progress came about because of the imagination, determination, and courage of countless people chasing a dream.
这一令人难以置信的进展的出现,是由于无数人追逐梦想的想象力,决心和勇气.
In 1903, Americans Orville and Wilbur Wright achieved the first sustained, controlled flight of a powered aircraft.
1903年,美国人Orville和Wilbur Wright实现了有动力飞机的第一次持续,有控制的飞行.
By 1918, airplanes were an important part of World War I military operations across the globe.
到1918年,飞机是第一次世界大战全球军事行动的重要组成部分.
Dreams of Flight Since ancient times, humans have dreamed of escaping Earth’s gravity and taking flight.
自古以来,人类就梦想着逃离地心引力和飞行。
Legends and myths spoke of figures sweeping across the skies.
传说和神话讲述了横跨天空的数字。
The Greeks told of Icarus, a Greek mortal, attempting to fly to the Sun on wings made of feathers and wax.
希腊人讲述了希腊凡人伊卡鲁斯想用羽毛和蜡做的翅膀向太阳飞去.
The Roman god Mercury sped through the skies on winged feet.
罗马神水星从天而降地上走来
Apollo, the Greek god of Sun and light, rode above the clouds in a chariot.
阿波罗是希腊太阳和光之神,骑着战车在云上行走.
World War II (1939–1945) led to the development of faster and larger planes.
二战(1939–1945)导致了更快更大型的飞机的发展.
They could reach speeds of over 800 miles per hour (1,287 kmph) and altitudes of over 40,000 feet (12,192 m).
它们可以达到时速超过800英里(1,287公里ph)和高度超过40,000英尺(12,192米).
Scientists and engineers became interested in expanding the boundaries of flight into outer space.
科学家和工程师开始对扩大进入外层空间的飞行界限感兴趣。
During the late 1940s, the United States experimented with rocket planes that could fly at supersonic speeds.
1940年代后期,美国进行了可以以超音速飞行的火箭飞机实验.
In 1958, President Dwight Eisenhower signed a Congressional bill forming an independent agency dedicated to space flight.
1958年,德怀特·艾森豪威尔总统签署国会法案,组建了专门负责太空飞行的独立机构.
It was named the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or NASA.
它被命名为美国国家航空航天局,或NASA.
An artist’s drawing of Sputnik 1 The Space Race One of NASA’s first goals was to catch up to the rival Soviet Union’s (now Russian) space program.
美国航天局最初的目标之一是赶上苏联(现为俄罗斯)的太空计划。
In fact, it was the Soviet launch of a human-made satellite called Sputnik that drove the creation of NASA.
事实上,正是苏联发射的一颗人造卫星被称作"人造"(Sputnik)来推动NASA的创立.
The United States was fully invested in what came to be known as “the space race” against the Soviets.
美国完全投入了所谓的“太空竞赛”对抗苏联。
Milestones and Setbacks By 1961, the United States had not only launched space satellites—it had also sent humans into orbit around Earth.
里程碑和挫折 到1961年,美国不仅发射了空间卫星——它还将人类送入了地球周围的轨道。
The Mercury space program showed that Americans could travel safely in space.
水星太空计划显示,美国人可以在太空安全出行.
That success inspired President John F.
成功激励 总统约翰·F.
Kennedy.
肯尼迪。 肯尼迪。
He publicly promised that within nine years, the United States would be “landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth.”
他公开承诺,美国将在9年内“将一个人放入月球并把他安全地送回地球。 “
NASA ’s researchers knew that to make good on the president’s promise, many new technologies had to be developed and tested.
美国航天局的研究人员知道,为了兑现总统的诺言,必须开发和测试许多新技术。
They suddenly found themselves in a different type of race—a race against time.
他们突然发现自己处于一种不同的种族——一种与时相争的种族。
The Mercury missions showed that NASA could send one man into space and back safely.
水星任务显示,NASA可以将一人送入太空并安全返回.
Now NASA was considering sending two or more men.
现在NASA正在考虑派两个或两个以上的人。
What would happen to them if they spent many days in space?
如果他们在太空里待了好几天会怎么样?
NASA ’s next missions, named Project Gemini, set out to answer those questions and more.
NASA的下一个任务,命名为双子座计划, 开始回答这些问题和更多的问题。
Gemini’s main goal was to send men into space in preparation for traveling to the Moon.
双子座的主要目标是派遣人入太空准备去月球.
Gemini’s spacecraft was larger than the Mercury capsule and much improved.
双子座的宇宙飞船比水星太空舱还大 并且改进了很多
The Mercury capsule could only change the direction in which it faced during orbit.
水星太空舱只能改变其在轨道上所面临的方向。
The Gemini capsule could change the actual orbit it was in.
双子座太空舱可以改变它实际的轨道。
In June 1965, during Gemini 4, astronaut Ed White performed NASA ’s first spacewalk, officially known as extravehicular activity, or EV A.
1965年6月,在双子座4号期间,宇航员埃德·怀特出演了NASA的首个太空行走,被正式称为外出活动,即EV A.
In 1965, the Gemini 7 mission stayed in orbit for two weeks.
1965年,双子座7号任务在轨道上停留了两周.
One year later, Gemini 10 demonstrated how one spacecraft could dock with another using a single engine to move both.
一年后,双子座10号演示了一个航天器如何与另一个航天器对接,使用单一引擎来移动两者.
With each success, NASA leadership grew more confident.
每一次成功,美国航天局的领导地位都变得更加自信.
They believed their astronauts were ready to embark on Moon missions, which would be named Apollo.
他们相信他们的宇航员已经准备好开始月球任务,这个任务将被命名为"阿波罗".
By 1967, NASA was ready to launch the first of its Apollo missions.
至1967年,美国宇航局已准备好发射其首个阿波罗任务.
Even with all the preparation, things went tragically wrong.
即便做了这些准备 事情也不幸地出了问题
During a launch test on January 27, 1967, a fire broke out inside the Apollo 1 capsule.
在1967年1月27日的一次发射试验中,阿波罗一号太空舱内部起火.
Astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee could not escape the fast-moving flames.
宇航员古斯·格里索姆,艾德·怀特和罗杰·查菲都无法从快速移动的火焰中逃脱.
All three were killed.
三人全部被杀死.
The crew of the ill-fated Apollo 1 mission The tragedy stunned the country and temporarily halted all launches.
命运不佳的阿波罗1号任务机组 这场悲剧震撼了该国,并暂时停止了所有发射。
NASA did a thorough investigation.
NASA进行了彻底的调查.
A pure oxygen environment and flammable material in the capsule helped the fire spread quickly.
胶囊中的纯氧环境和可燃物质能帮助火迅速蔓延.
The capsule environment was changed from pure oxygen to a mix of gases similar to Earth’s atmosphere.
太空舱环境从纯氧变为与地球大气层相类似的混合气体.
Nylon, a highly combustible material that was used in seat covers and other parts, was replaced with fireproof material made of fiberglass.
Nylon是一种高度可燃的材料,曾被用在座椅盖和其他部件上,被取而代之的是用玻璃纤维制成的防火材料.
Most importantly, the hatch was redesigned with a manual-release lever both inside and outside the capsule.
最重要的是,舱口被重新设计,在舱内和舱外均采用人工放出杠杆.
The hatch could open outward in seconds.
舱口几秒钟就能打开
A special device and seal would prevent it from opening by mistake.
特殊装置和封口可以防止它误开.
Apollo Resumes Just ten months after the disaster, a new and improved Apollo 4 Command and Service Module (CSM) was launched into Earth’s orbit.
阿波罗复会 灾害发生仅10个月后,一个新的、经过改进的阿波罗4号指挥和服务舱被发射入地球轨道。
This unpiloted mission went off without a hitch and restored NASA ’s confidence.
此次无人驾驶任务顺利出动,恢复了NASA的信心.
The Apollo missions continued.
阿波罗任务继续进行.
In December 1968, the crew of Apollo 8 was sent on a journey around Earth’s moon.
1968年12月,阿波罗8号的乘员被派去环绕地球月球出行.
Six months later, the three-man Apollo 10 mission launched.
六个月后,由三人组成的"阿波罗10"号任务展开.
It was the final rehearsal before the real lunar landing.
这是真正的月球登陆前的最后一场排练.
The Lunar Module (LM) separated from the CSM and descended.
月球舱(LM)从CSM中分离出并降入.
It came within 47,000 feet (14,326 m) of the Moon’s surface with two crew members inside.
它位于月球表面47,000英尺(14,326米)以内有两名船员.
There was one brief, scary moment when the LM began spinning wildly, but the crew solved the problem quickly.
当时有一个短暂,可怕的时刻,LM开始疯狂地旋转,但船员们迅速解决问题.
The LM then ascended and docked with the orbiting CSM.
LM随后升起并和轨道CSM对接.
The two crew members reentered the CSM for the return trip to Earth.
两名机组人员再入CSM进行回程地球.
Apollo 10 had been a successful mission.
阿波罗10号任务很成功
NASA was ready to try an actual lunar landing.
美国宇航局已经准备好 尝试一个真正的月球着陆。
A photo of Earth taken from Apollo 8 “We Have Liftoff” It was now 1969, and time was running out to fulfill President Kennedy’s promise.
阿波罗8号拍摄的地球照片“我们有升起” 现在已经是1969年了,履行肯尼迪总统承诺的时间已经不多了。
The crew of the Apollo 11 mission were trained and ready to make history.
阿波罗11号任务的机组人员经过了训练,并做好了创造历史的准备.
Neil Armstrong was the commander, Michael Collins was the Command and Service Module pilot, and Buzz Aldrin was the Lunar Module pilot.
尼尔·阿姆斯特朗为指挥官,迈克尔·柯林斯为"指挥与服务模块"飞行员,巴斯·奥尔德林为"月球模块"飞行员.
On July 16, 1969, at 9:32 AM local time, the crew boarded the CSM, named Columbia.
1969年7月16日当地时间上午9:32分,船员登上CSM,取名"哥伦比亚".
With a mighty roar, the Saturn V rocket launched them on an eight-day journey of 953,054 miles (1,533,792 km).
以巨大的咆哮,土星五号火箭以953,054英里(1,533,792公里)的8天航程向它们发射.
Within three minutes, the spacecraft was 37 miles (60 km) above Earth, traveling at 6,340 miles per hour (10,203 kmph).
在三分钟内,飞船在地上37英里(60公里),以每小时6,340英里(10,203公里ph)的速度行驶.
At about noon, the third-stage engine fired and pushed Apollo 11 out of Earth’s orbit and toward the Moon.
大约正午时分,第三级发动机发射并推进了阿波罗11号出地轨道并驶向月球.
As the spacecraft moved away from Earth, the crew began unpacking the Lunar Module, named Eagle, from its compartment.
随着航天器远离地球,船员们开始从它的舱内拆卸被命名为"鹰"的"月球舱".
First, explosive bolts released Eagle from the compartment and blew away the compartment’s walls.
首先,爆炸性螺栓释放出"鹰"出舱并炸毁了舱壁.
Columbia moved about 100 feet (30.
哥伦比亚移动了约100英尺(30.
5 m) in front of Eagle and turned around to dock with it head-to-head.
5米)在老鹰面前并转过身去与它相接对接.
At that point, the rest of the outer compartment blew away from the spacecraft.
这时外舱的其余部分从航天器上吹走.
Columbia and Eagle continued their journey to the Moon docked together.
哥伦比亚和老鹰继续相接相接的去月球之行.
“The Eagle Has Landed” By Day 3, Apollo 11 was 175,000 miles (281,635 km) from Earth and 48,000 miles ( 7 7, 24 8.
到了第3天,阿波罗11号距离地球175,000英里(281,635公里)和48,000英里(7,7,24,8.
5 km) from the Moon.
距离月球5公里).
Astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin climbed through a tunnel connecting Columbia to Eagle to make sure everything was in working order.
宇航员阿姆斯特朗和阿尔德林爬上一条连接哥伦比亚和鹰的地道,以确保一切正常运行.
On Day 4, Columbia slowed down so it could be pulled into lunar orbit.
第4天,哥伦比亚减速了,以便将其拉入月球轨道.
The next morning, Aldrin boarded Eagle and fired up its engines.
次日早上,阿尔德林登上"鹰"并发射出引擎.
An hour later, Armstrong boarded and the landing legs were deployed.
一个小时后,阿姆斯特朗登上飞机并部署起落架腿.
They closed the hatch, and Eagle separated from Columbia.
他们关闭了舱门,而"鹰"从哥伦比亚分离出.
Collins piloted the CSM away from the LM and continued orbiting the Moon.
柯林斯驾驶CSM远离了LM,并继续向月球轨道飞行.
Armstrong fired the descent engine to guide Eagle toward its preprogrammed landing spot.
阿姆斯特朗发射起降发动机,以引导"鹰"号前往其被预先规划的着陆点.
Instead of heading toward the smooth surface of the Sea of Tranquility, however, their flight path was taking them toward a crater strewn with rocks!
然而,他们的飞行路线不是朝平滑的平坦地表走去,而是带他们去一个由岩石堆积而成的陨坑!
As alarms sounded, Armstrong took control and steered Eagle toward a safer site.
警报响起 阿姆斯特朗控制了一切 将"鹰"引向一个更安全的地方
Tensions were high in Eagle and with Mission Control, the NASA officials back on Earth.
鹰号高度紧张 和任务控制, 美国宇航局的官员回到地球。
When the LM finally touched down, it had only thirty seconds of fuel remaining.
当LM最终被触倒时,它只剩下30秒的燃料.
When Armstrong reported that “the Eagle has landed,” Mission Control burst into cheers.
当阿姆斯特朗报告“老鹰已经登陆”,飞行任务控制中心突然发出欢呼声。
A Step, a Leap, a Splash Armstrong and Aldrin attached portable life- support and communication systems they needed to perform their EV A.
A Step, a Leap, a Splash Armstrong and Aldrin 附加了他们执行EV A所需的便携式生命支持和通信系统.
Armstrong opened the hatch at 10:39 PM and slowly made his way to the bottom step.
阿姆斯特朗在晚上10:39打开了舱口,并缓慢地走入了下行.
As he did, Armstrong switched on a television camera attached to the ladder that would show this historic event to the world.
就像他那样,阿姆斯特朗换了一台电视相机,它连接在梯子上,可以向全世界展示这一历史性事件.
Almost a full twenty minutes after he exited Eagle, Armstrong placed his left foot onto the gray dust of the lunar surface.
离开"鹰"后近20分钟,阿姆斯特朗将左脚放入了月球表面的灰尘上.
As he did, he said, “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.”
他说:“对于一个人来说,这是一小步,对于人类来说是一个巨大的飞跃。 “
Another twenty minutes passed before Aldrin left the module and joined him.
又过了20分钟,阿尔德林离开舱后加入了他.
The astronauts planted an American flag and were congratulated by President Nixon.
宇航员安放一面美国国旗,并受到尼克松总统的祝贺.
Armstrong then positioned the camera so it could record their activities.
阿姆斯特朗随后将相机定位,以便记录他们的活动.
The astronauts conducted several experiments and collected lunar soil and rock samples.
宇航员们进行了多起实验并收集了月球土壤和岩石样本.
After two hours and forty-seven minutes, they returned to Eagle.
两小时四十七分钟后,他们返回了"鹰".
On July 21, Eagle’s ascent engines started, and it began climbing at a speed of 80 feet (24.
7月21日,鹰起重发动机开通,以80英尺(24.
3 m) per second.
3米)每秒钟.
Four hours later, Eagle docked with Columbia.
四小时后,"鹰"号与"哥伦比亚"号对接.
Astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin climbed back into the Command Module, rejoining Mike Collins.
阿姆斯特朗和阿尔德林宇航员爬回了指挥舱,重新加入了迈克·柯林斯.
On July 24, Columbia’s service module was jettisoned just before the Command Module reentered Earth’s atmosphere.
7月24日,哥伦比亚号的服务舱在指挥舱重新进入地球大气层前被抛出.
Traveling faster than the speed of sound, the CM hurtled toward Earth.
移动速度快于声音的速度, CM伤害了地球。
Friction electrified the air surrounding the CM to produce fiery, glowing plasma.
光滑使CM周围的空气电气化,以产生发光,发光等离子体.
The plasma engulfed the CM, blocking all radio signals and causing a four-minute communication blackout.
等离子体吞噬了CM,屏蔽了所有的无线电信号并导致4分钟的通信中断.
Only the CM’s protective heat shield kept the capsule from burning up.
只有CM的防护热屏蔽使胶囊不会被燃烧.
Parachutes were released to slow Columbia’s descent toward the landing zone in the Pacific Ocean.
排出伞架 以减缓哥伦比亚向太平洋登陆区的下降速度
It splashed down at 11:49 AM Central Daylight Time about 800 miles (1,287.
它在中央日光时间11点49分向下喷出约800英里(1,287.
5 km) southwest of Hawaii.
5公里),位于夏威夷西南.
The USS Hornet retrieved the astronauts from the spacecraft.
美军黄蜂号从宇宙飞船取回了宇航员.
The Toss Zone Eagle carried more than astronauts.
托斯区鹰号携带的比宇航员还多.
In addition to equipment, an American flag, a patch from the tragic Apollo 1 mission, two medals awarded to Russian astronauts, and a disc with goodwill messages from world leaders also made the trip.
除了设备,一面美国国旗,一面来自悲惨的阿波罗一号任务的补丁,两枚被授予俄罗斯宇航员的奖章,一面带有世界领导人善意信息的碟片也出行了.
The astronauts left these things behind, along with a lot of junk.
宇航员们把这些东西留下,还有许多垃圾.
They had to get rid of extra weight so they could carry rocks and soil back to the Command Module.
他们不得不摆脱额外的重量,以便能将岩石和土壤带回指挥模块.
Neil Armstrong’s space boots, food bags, and a TV camera were among the items left in the “Toss Zone,” or lunar garbage dump.
尼尔·阿姆斯特朗的太空靴、食品袋和一台电视相机是留在 " 托斯区 " 或月球垃圾堆中的物品。
Heroes of the Heavens A helicopter brought the Apollo 11 crew to the Hornet, where they were quarantined in a trailer.
天堂的英雄们 一架直升机将阿波罗11号机组人员带到了"黄蜂"号上,在那里他们被用拖车隔离.
The Hornet sailed back to Hawaii, and the trailer was put onto a plane to Houston, Texas, where the crew spent twenty-one days in quarantine.
黄蜂号起航回夏威夷,拖车被放入去德克萨斯州休斯敦的一架飞机上,船员在那里花了21天进行隔离.
Afterward, huge parades were held in Houston, Chicago, and New York City.
之后,在休斯敦,芝加哥和纽约市等地举行了大规模的阅兵.
Their epic mission completed, Armstrong, Aldrin, and Collins were now “heroes of the heavens,” just as the gods Mercury and Apollo had been to people long ago.
他们的史诗任务已经完成,阿姆斯特朗,阿尔德林和科林斯现在都是"天堂的英雄",就像神水星和阿波罗很久以前对人们一样.
Apollos 2–6 (Jul.
阿波罗2–6 (Jul.
1966–Apr.
1966年4月-农历四月.
1968): Unpiloted test flights --- 1967--- Apollo 1 (Jan.
1968年:无人驾驶试飞 -- -- 1967-- 阿波罗1号(Jan.
27): All three astronauts die in a cabin fire during a launch test --- 1968--- Apollo 7 (Oct.
27点: 三名宇航员在发射试验中死于舱内火灾 -- 1968--- 阿波罗7 (英语:Oct.
11): First piloted Apollo mission; first test of the CSM Apollo 8 (Dec.
11日:第一次试飞阿波罗任务;CSM阿波罗8号(Dec.
21): First piloted mission to orbit the Moon --- 1969--- Apollo 9 (Mar.
21点: 第一次绕月球飞行 1969--- 阿波罗9号(Mar.
3): First piloted test of the Lunar Module in Earth’s orbit Apollo 10 (May 18): Rehearsal of the Moon landing (without actually landing), in preparation for the Apollo 11 mission --- 1969--- (continued) Apollo 11 (Jul.
3:月球舱在地轨道阿波罗10号(5月18日)的首次试飞试验: 重审月球着陆(未实际着陆),为阿波罗11号任务做准备-1969-(续) 阿波罗11号(Jul.
16): First men land on the Moon Apollo 12 (Nov.
16点: 先行者于月球阿波罗12号(诺夫.
14): Second piloted mission to land on the Moon --- 1970--- Apollo 13 (Apr.
14日:第二次试飞,在月球上着陆 -- 1970--- 阿波罗13 (4月.
11): An explosion destroys the Command Module.
11点: 爆炸摧毁了指挥舱
The astronauts abandon their mission by returning to Earth in the Lunar Module --- 1971--- Apollo 14 (Jan.
宇航员放弃了使命 返回地球 在月球舱 -- 1971--- 阿波罗14 (英语:Jan.
31): Third lunar landing Apollo 15 (July 26): Fourth lunar landing --- 1972--- Apollo 16 (Apr.
31点: 第三次月球登陆 阿波罗15号(7月26日): 第四次月球着陆 -- 1972--- 阿波罗16号(4月.
16): Fifth lunar landing Apollo 17 (Dec.
16日:第五次月球登陆阿波罗17号(Dec.
7): Final mission to the Moon The Apollo Missions Glossary capsule (n.)
7:对月球的最终任务 阿波罗任务词汇舱 (n.
the detachable compartment on a spacecraft that holds people and instruments (p.
载人和仪器的航天器上的可拆卸舱(p.
7) compartment (n.)
7) 车厢 (n.
one of the separate areas within a vehicle such as a ship or train (p.
在船舶或列车等车辆内的一个单独区域(p.
10) dock (v.)
10)码头(五.
to connect two vehicles in space (p.
连接空间中的两辆车(p.
7) hatch (n.)
7) 舱口 (n.)
a door or doorway on a ship, airplane, or spacecraft (p.
飞船、飞机或航天器上的门或出入口(p.
8) jettisoned (v.)
8)被抛弃(五.
dropped something from a ship, aircraft, or spacecraft, often in an emergency situation (p.
经常在紧急情况下从船只、飞机或航天器上扔出一些东西(p.
14) lunar (adj.)
14) 月球学 (adj.
of or relating to the Moon (p.
有关月球的规定(第3页)
4) module (n.)
4)模块(n.)
a part of a spacecraft that can be separated from the main part and still function (p.
航天器中可以与主部分相分离并仍然起作用的部分(p.
9) plasma (n.)
9)等离子体(n.
charged particles of gas that can conduct electricity (p.
充电气体颗粒,能进行电能(p.
14) quarantined (v.)
14)被隔离(五.
isolated to prevent the spread of disease (p.
防止疾病的传播(p.
15) satellites (n.)
15) 卫星(n.)
natural or human-made objects that orbit Earth or another object in space (p.
绕地球运行的自然或人造物体或空间中的其他物体(p.
6) supersonic (adj.)
6) 超音速(adj.
faster than the speed of sound (p.
速度快于音速(p.
5) technologies (n.)
(5) 技术(不详)