The United Nations
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents A Charter for Peace.
《和平宪章》目录。
4 The United Nations Today.
4 《今日联合国》。
5 The Secretariat.
5 秘书处。
6 The General Assembly.
6 大会。
7 The Security Council.
7 安全理事会。
8 The Economic and Social Council.
8 经济及社会理事会。
9 The International Court of Justice.
9 国际法院。
10 The World Health Organization.
10 世界卫生组织。
11 UNESCO.
11 教科文组织。
12 The UN High Commissioner for Refugees.
12 联合国难民事务高级专员。
13 Complexity and Controversy of the UN.
13 联合国的复杂性和争议性。
14 Glossary.
14 词汇表。
16 A Charter for Peace In June 1945, World War II was coming to an end.
16 《和平宪章》,1945年6月,二战即将结束。
Nazi Germany had fallen the month before.
纳粹德国在上个月倒下
Japan continued to fight as the Allies—the United States, Russia, Great Britain, China, and others— closed in.
由于盟军——美国、俄罗斯、大不列颠、中国等——关闭,日本继续作战。
Some 850 international delegates from about 50 countries met in San Francisco, California, to discuss what should happen once the war ended.
来自约50个国家的约850名国际代表在加利福尼亚州旧金山相会,讨论战争结束后应该发生什么.
Their hope was to create an organization that could handle the big changes to come.
他们的希望是建立一个能够应付即将发生的重大变化的组织。
On June 25, 1945, the delegates came together for a final meeting.
1945年6月25日,与会代表聚集一堂,举行最后会议.
They were asked to stand if they agreed to the Charter of the United Nations, which had been in the works for years.
他们被要求站立,如果他们同意《联合国宪章》的话。 多年来,《联合国宪章》一直在工作之中。
Everyone stood.
每个人都站着。
The hall filled with applause.
大厅充满了掌声.
World War II (1939–1945) had been the worst conflict in human history.
二战(1939–1945)是人类历史上最严重的冲突.
Now, countries had come together to create an organization they hoped could keep the peace.
现在,各国聚集一堂,建立一个他们希望能够维持和平的组织。
That October, the United Nations opened its doors.
今年10月,联合国打开了大门。
Delegates from all over the world meet to discuss the founding of the United Nations.
来自世界各地的代表开会讨论联合国的建立。
The United Nations Today Today, the United Nations is often in the news.
今天的联合国,经常出现在新闻中。
Where there is little food, you may see white UN trucks delivering some to people in need.
在食物少的地方,你可以看到白色的联合国卡车运送一些给有需要的人。
Where there is fighting, you may see UN Peacekeepers trying to keep order.
在战斗中,你会看到联合国维和人员试图维持秩序。
Where an earthquake has leveled a town, you may see UN workers raising tents for shelter.
地震将一个城镇夷为平地时,你可以看到联合国工作人员为避风而搭帐篷。
More than seventy years after its creation, the UN still tries to get countries to work together.
联合国成立70多年后,仍然试图使各国共同努力。
However, it now includes 193 member countries.
然而,它现在包括193个成员国。
Its headquarters are in New York City, but some 44,000 people work for the UN around the world.
其总部位于纽约市,但全世界约有44 000人为联合国工作。
Even with the world’s growing population and complexity, the UN’s main goals are to help people in trouble, promote human rights, and deal with global problems.
即使世界人口和复杂性不断增长,联合国的主要目标是帮助有麻烦的人、促进人权并处理全球问题。
Its missions do not always succeed, but the UN is often willing to handle disasters no one else will touch.
其使命并非总能成功,但联合国往往愿意处理无人会触及的灾害。
The UN includes six main departments, or organs.
联合国包括六个主要部门或机关。
These include the Secretariat, General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, and International Court of Justice.
这些机构包括秘书处、大会、安全理事会、经济及社会理事会、托管理事会和国际法院。
A UN-run center distributes food at a refugee camp in the Gaza Strip.
联合国开办的一个中心在加沙地带的一个难民营分发粮食。
The Secretariat The Secretariat is the executive branch of the United Nations.
秘书处 秘书处是联合国的行政部门。
Its headquarters is a famous New York City landmark.
其总部是纽约市著名的地标.
From there, executives oversee the day-to-day workings of the UN.
从那里,主管监督联合国的日常工作。
The secretary-general, who is elected by UN members, guides UN tasks and often acts as its main spokesperson.
秘书长由联合国会员国选出,指导联合国的任务,并经常担任其主要发言人。
However, the secretary- general does not have powers like those of the leader of a country.
然而,秘书长没有像国家领导人那样的权力。
Instead, he or she functions more like a top diplomat, trying to convince others to help out during a crisis.
相反,他或她更像一个高级外交官,试图说服其他人在危机期间提供帮助。
There have been eight secretary- generals in the history of the UN, all chosen from different countries.
联合国历史上共有8名秘书长,均来自不同国家。
The League of Nations The idea of an international organization like the United Nations was not new.
国际联盟 象联合国这样的国际组织的想法并不是新的。
Following World War I (1914–1918), countries came together to form the League of Nations.
第一次世界大战后(1914–1918),各国相继会合,组成了"国联".
Its essential purpose was to maintain world peace.
其根本目的是维护世界和平。
However, U.
不过,U.
S.
师曰.
President Woodrow Wilson was unable to convince the U.
伍德罗·威尔逊总统无法说服U.
S.
师曰.
Congress to approve the treaty that would make the United States a member.
国会批准美国成为成员国的条约.
Congress voted to keep the United States out, fearing that membership would force the country to surrender control of its own affairs.
国会投票决定让美国退出,担心成员资格会迫使该国放弃对自身事务的控制.
The League had some successes but slowly broke apart.
联盟取得了一些成功,但慢慢地分裂了。
It was dissolved in 1946 after the United Nations began operations.
它在联合国开始行动后于1946年被解散.
The Secretariat Building recently underwent a five-year, $1 billion renovation.
秘书处大楼最近进行了为期五年的10亿美元翻修。
The General Assembly The General Assembly (GA) is the main decision-making body of the UN.
大会是联合国的主要决策机构。
It is made up of the 193 member countries.
它由193个成员国组成。
The GA is where member countries discuss and sometimes vote on important questions.
大会是成员国讨论和有时就重要问题进行表决的地方。
The UN has six official languages: English, French, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, and Chinese.
联合国有六种正式语文:英文、法文、西班牙文、俄文、阿拉伯文和中文。
Members often use an interpreter.
会员经常使用译员.
In some cases, the members of the GA vote for or against recommendations, called resolutions.
在某些情况下,大会成员投票支持或反对称为决议的建议。
For example, in 2010, the General Assembly agreed to send aid to the Caribbean country of Haiti after a huge earthquake.
例如,2010年,大会同意在大地震后向加勒比国家海地提供援助。
However, if a resolution is not specifically about UN issues, the UN cannot force a country to obey it.
但是,如果一项决议不是专门涉及联合国问题,联合国不能强迫一个国家遵守该决议。
The General Assembly also includes smaller committees that advise on certain subjects.
大会还包括一些规模较小的委员会,就某些议题提供咨询意见。
One deals with issues related to international security.
一个涉及与国际安全有关的问题。
It develops programs to try to reduce violence worldwide.
它制定方案,试图减少世界各地的暴力。
The GA meets to vote on a resolution.
大会开会表决一项决议。
The Security Council The Security Council’s main purpose is to work to maintain international peace and safety.
安全理事会, 安全理事会的主要目的是努力维持国际和平与安全。
Five seats on the council are always held by the five main Allies from World War II: China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
议会的五个席位总是由二战时期的五个主要同盟国所持有:中国,法国,俄罗斯联邦,英国和美国.
Each of them has the power to reject any resolution, even if the other countries side against them.
他们每个人都有权拒绝任何决议,即使其他国家反对。
The Security Council must be ready to meet on short notice in the event of an international crisis.
在发生国际危机时,安全理事会必须准备在短时间内开会。
In some cases, the Security Council sends armed peacekeeping forces from different countries to police a truce.
在某些情况下,安全理事会从不同国家派遣了武装维持和平部队,以维持停火。
However, these soldiers can only fight in self-defense and must not take sides if violence breaks out again.
然而,这些士兵只能自卫作战,在暴力再起时,决不能偏袒一方。
In the 1990s, about 2,500 UN Peacekeepers were sent to Rwanda, Africa.
1990年代,约有2 500名联合国维持和平人员被派往卢旺达、非洲。
Their purpose was to stop bloodshed between two ethnic groups, the Hutu and Tutsi.
其目的是制止胡图人和图西人这两个族裔群体之间的流血。
However, they could not stop the Hutus from killing more than 800,000 Tutsis.
然而,他们无法阻止胡图人杀死80多万图西人。
It is considered perhaps the worst failure ever by the UN Security Council.
这也许是联合国安全理事会有史以来最严重的失败。
Peacekeepers from Lebanon and Italy prepare for the UN’s International Day of Peace.
黎巴嫩和意大利的维和人员为联合国国际和平日做准备。
The Economic and Social Council ECOSOC, as it is known, deals with economic and social issues that affect the world.
众所周知,经济及社会理事会处理影响世界的经济和社会问题。
One of its missions is to support vulnerable groups.
其使命之一是支持弱势群体。
For example, an ECOSOC project works to improve women’s rights around the world.
例如,经社理事会的一个项目致力于改善世界各地的妇女权利。
ECOSOC also works to protect local cultures in danger of dying out, such as Aboriginal groups in Australia.
经社理事会还努力保护面临死亡危险的当地文化,例如澳大利亚的土著群体。
ECOSOC also attempts to balance economic growth with the care of the environment.
经社理事会还试图在经济增长与关心环境之间取得平衡。
Economic growth leads to new jobs and technologies.
经济增长导致新的就业机会和技术。
However, it can also use up or harm important natural resources like forests and lakes.
然而,它也可以使用或损害森林和湖泊等重要自然资源.
The healing of Earth’s ozone layer is a good example of a UN success.
地球臭氧层的修复是联合国成功的一个好例子。
The ozone layer in Earth’s atmosphere acts like a filter to protect all life from harmful radiation.
地球大气中的臭氧层就像一个过滤器,以保护所有生命免受有害辐射。
In the 1980s, scientists discovered holes growing in this layer that put people at much higher risk for skin cancer.
在20世纪80年代,科学家发现了在这个地层中生长的孔口,这些孔口使人们面临皮肤癌的更高风险.
The UN called for nations to cut down the release of certain chemicals that were creating the holes.
联合国呼吁各国减少排放造成这些漏洞的某些化学品。
Since then, the holes have been shrinking.
此后,洞口不断收缩.
This showed that nations could work together to solve a global environmental problem.
这表明各国可以共同努力解决全球环境问题。
The purple spot shows the world’s largest ozone hole, located over Antarctica, at its maximum size.
紫色斑点显示世界上最大的臭氧洞,位于南极洲上空,面积最大.
The International Court of Justice The UN’s International Court of Justice (ICJ) is located in the Peace Palace, in The Hague, Netherlands.
联合国国际法院设在荷兰海牙和平宫。
Fifteen judges, no two from the same country, sit on the court.
十五名判官,同乡无二名,入朝坐事.
Each of the five permanent members of the Security Council always has a judge on the court.
安全理事会五个常任理事国中,每个常任理事国都有一个法官。
The ICJ offers opinions and rulings about legal questions brought to it by UN member states.
国际法院就联合国会员国向其提出的法律问题提出意见并作出裁决。
It makes decisions about border disputes, the rights to natural resources such as fishing grounds, and fighting between countries.
它就边界争端、捕鱼场等自然资源权利以及国家间的战斗作出决定。
The Trusteeship Council The Trusteeship Council is a UN organ that is no longer in operation.
托管理事会 托管理事会是一个不再运作的联合国机构。
Its responsibility was to help colonies controlled by other countries to gain their independence.
它的责任是帮助被其他国家控制的殖民地获得独立.
This council helped guide the African lands of Rwanda, Burundi, and Tanganyika (now Tanzania), as well as others, toward self-government.
该理事会帮助引导了卢旺达、布隆迪和坦噶尼喀(现为坦桑尼亚)等非洲土地走向自治。
In 1994, the Trusteeship Council suspended operations after Palau, its last trust territory, located in the Pacific Ocean, gained independence.
1994年,托管理事会在位于太平洋的最后一个托管地帕劳获得独立后暂停运作。
The ICJ, based in the Peace Palace, is also known as the World Court.
设在和平宫的国际法院也被称为世界法院.
The World Health Organization The UN’s World Health Organization (WHO) promotes better health practices around the world.
世界卫生组织 联合国世界卫生组织(卫生组织)在世界各地推广更好的保健做法。
It offers education about cleanliness, healthy eating, and other factors that can help prevent disease.
它提供有关清洁、健康饮食和有助于预防疾病的其他因素的教育。
In 1967, WHO led a global effort to put an end to smallpox, a deadly disease.
1967年,世卫组织领导了全球努力来结束天花这一致命疾病.
UN workers taught the public where the disease was common and how to prevent its spread.
联合国工作人员教导公众该疾病在哪里常见以及如何防止其传播。
It started vaccination programs worldwide.
它开始在世界各地开展疫苗接种方案。
In 1980, WHO declared that smallpox was extinct.
1980年,世卫组织宣布天花已灭绝.
WHO also collects data to let UN members know where health emergencies exist.
卫生组织还收集数据,让联合国会员国知道卫生紧急情况在哪里。
For example, the organization made plans to slow an outbreak of Zika virus.
例如,该组织制定了减缓Zika病毒爆发的计划。
This virus, spread by mosquitoes, can cause serious birth defects in children born to parents with the virus.
这种由蚊子传播的病毒会给有病毒的父母所生的孩子造成严重的先天缺陷.
A health worker immunizes a child against polio in Nigeria.
在尼日利亚,一名保健工作者为一名儿童接种了小儿麻痹症疫苗。
UNESCO UNESCO is the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
教科文组织是联合国教育、科学及文化组织。
Its goal is to promote cooperation between countries in these areas.
其目标是促进各国在这些领域的合作。
Protecting World Heritage Sites around the globe is one of UNESCO’s highest-profile tasks.
保护世界各地的世界遗产是教科文组织最引人注目的任务之一。
These are places of great natural beauty or cultural importance that are protected with the UN’s help.
这些地方自然美丽或具有重要的文化意义,在联合国的帮助下受到保护。
The Sphinx and the Pyramids of Giza are among the world’s best-known monuments.
Giza的狮身人面像和金字塔是世界上最出名的古迹之一。
In 1995, Egypt had plans to build a new highway close to the pyramids.
1995年,埃及计划修建一条靠近金字塔的新高速公路.
UNESCO convinced the government to move the highway farther away.
联合国教科文组织说服了政府将高速公路迁到更远的地方。
The Sphinx and the Pyramids of Giza in Egypt are some of the oldest and largest structures in the world.
埃及的斯芬克斯和吉萨的金字塔是世界上最古老和最大的建筑之一.
The UN High Commissioner for Refugees There are about sixty-five million refugees in the world today.
联合国难民事务高级专员 当今世界约有6 500万难民。
These people are forced from their homes due to war, violence, or natural disasters.
由于战争、暴力或自然灾害,这些人被迫离开家园。
In the mid-2010s, close to five million Syrians fled their war-torn country, and many now live in UN-run camps.
在2010年代中期,将近500万叙利亚人逃离了受战争蹂躏的国家,许多人现在生活在联合国管理的难民营中。
The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) reports that there are more refugees in the world now than at any time since World War II.
联合国难民事务高级专员(UNHCR)报告说,现在世界上的难民比自二战以来任何时候都多。
In the event of a refugee crisis, the UNHCR provides food, clean water, shelter, and health care.
在发生难民危机时,难民署提供食物、清洁水、住所和保健。
Its ultimate goal is to help refugees return home safely.
其最终目标是帮助难民安全地返回家园。
When that is impossible, it seeks countries willing to take them in.
如果做不到这一点,它就会寻求愿意接受它们的国家。
Number of Registered Syrian Refugees Data include refugees registered by the UNHCR in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, and Lebanon; those registered by the government of Turkey; and those registered in North Africa.
已登记的叙利亚难民数据包括难民署在埃及、伊拉克、约旦和黎巴嫩登记的难民、土耳其政府登记的难民以及在北非登记的难民。
Source: UNHCR Complexity and Controversy of the UN The United Nations has programs that touch almost every corner of the globe.
资料来源:难民署的复杂性和争议性
However, the UN remains a controversial organization.
然而,联合国仍然是一个有争议的组织。
Some critics complain that it costs too much to run.
一些批评者抱怨说,运行成本过高.
Others point to the Security Council’s failures to put a stop to war and violence.
其他人则指出,安全理事会未能制止战争和暴力。
Another complaint is that the UN plays favorites, ignoring the best interests of some countries in favor of others.
另一个抱怨是,联合国玩得最受欢迎,无视某些国家对其他国家的最佳利益。
At the same time, the UN has done a lot of good in its more than seventy years.
与此同时,联合国在其70多年间也做了很多好事。
It provides food to over ninety million people worldwide who might otherwise starve.
它向全世界9 000多万人提供粮食,否则他们可能挨饿。
It vaccinates more than half the world’s children, helping stop outbreaks of disease around the world.
它为世界一半以上的儿童接种了疫苗,帮助全世界停止了疾病爆发。
It seeks human rights for all people.
它谋求所有人的人权。
It allows leaders to talk through their differences rather than fight about them.
它允许领导人通过分歧而不是争吵来谈论分歧。
The UN and Human Rights The UN adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948.
联合国与人权 联合国于1948年通过了《世界人权宣言》。
This document lists what all people deserve, regardless of their race, religion, or social and economic status.
该文件列出了所有人应得的待遇,而不论其种族、宗教或社会和经济地位如何。
The news people hear about is usually bad news.
人们听到的新闻通常是坏消息。
However, there has been a lot of good news to share since the UN was founded.
但自联合国成立以来,
For the first time ever, less than 10 percent of the world is living in extreme poverty, according to the World Bank.
据世界银行称,世界上只有不到10%的人口生活在极端贫困之中,这是有史以来第一次。
A Human Security Report study shows that deaths from war have fallen steeply since World War II.
人的安全 报告研究表明,自二战以来,战争造成的死亡人数急剧下降.
WHO reports that people’s average life span has increased and that fewer children die before age five.
卫生组织报告说,人们的平均寿命已经延长,在5岁之前死亡的儿童减少。
Many factors contribute to these good changes, but the UN has been one of them.
许多因素促成了这些良好的变化,但联合国一直是其中之一。
The world faces many challenges in the years ahead.
世界在今后几年面临许多挑战。
How the United Nations will rise to meet these challenges remains a big question.
联合国将如何起起身应对这些挑战仍然是一个大问题。
Children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo receive help from a UN program called the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF).
刚果民主共和国的儿童得到联合国一个称为联合国儿童基金会(儿童基金会)的方案的帮助。
Glossary committees (n.)
词汇委员会(不详)
groups of people who consider or decide on a course of action (p.
考虑或决定行动方针的人群(p.
7) controversial (adj.)
7) 有争议(adj.
causing much disagreement (p.
造成很大分歧(p.
14) crisis (n.)
14)危机 (n.
a dangerous or unstable time or situation that demands attention (p.
需要注意的危险或不稳定时间或情况(p.
6) diplomat (n.)
6) 外交官(不详)
a person who represents his or her government to another government (p.
(p.) 代表本国政府出席另一政府的人(p.
6) environment (n.)
(6) 环境(不详)
the natural world (p.
自然世界 (p.
9) human rights (n.)
9) 人权(n.)
the rights that are considered by most societies to belong automatically to all people, such as justice, freedom, and equality (p.
多数社会认为自动属于所有人的权利,例如正义、自由和平等(p.
5) international (adj.)
(5) 国际(adj.)
concerning two or more nations, or countries (p.
涉及两个或两个以上国家,或国家(p.
4) natural resources (n.)
4)自然资源 (n.