of Steroids
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 What Are Steroids?
4 什么是类固醇?
6 History of Steroids.
6 类固醇史.
8 Bad Medicine.
8坏药.
10 Athletes Getting Caught.
10名运动员被抓获.
12 Teens on Steroids.
12 少年对类固醇。
14 Conclusion.
14 结论。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Introduction In the world of cycling, no one seemed to fit the bill of a real-life superhero more than Lance Armstrong.
导言 在骑自行车的世界中,似乎没有人比兰斯·阿姆斯特朗更适合现实生活中的超级英雄的法案.
He couldn’t leap a tall building in a single bound, but he sure could ride a bike.
他无法跳出高楼,
Armstrong won the world’s most grueling cycling race, the Tour de France, seven times between 1999 and 2005.
阿姆斯特朗在1999至2005年间共7次赢得了世界最可怕的自行车赛"法国之旅".
No cyclist had ever done anything so amazing.
没有骑自行车的人做过这么惊人的事
That’s because the Tour de France is one of the most demanding of all sporting events.
因为法国巡回赛是所有体育赛事中要求最高的赛事之一。
Cyclists have to be in almost superhuman shape to cover the 2,173-mile (3,497 km) course across the mountainous French countryside.
自行车手必须几乎是超人形,才能覆盖2,173英里(3,497公里)的航道穿过多山的法国农村.
Armstrong’s feat was even more remarkable because he had earlier won a life-and- death struggle with cancer.
阿姆斯特朗的壮举更加出人意料,因为他早先赢得了与癌症的生死斗争.
Armstrong was on top of the sports world.
阿姆斯特朗在体育界名列前茅.
He had money and fame, medals and trophies.
他拥有金钱和名声,奖牌和奖杯.
Then it all collapsed, ruining Armstrong’s reputation.
之后,一切都崩溃了,破坏了阿姆斯特朗的名声.
That’s because Lance Armstrong was a cheater who illegally used steroids.
因为兰斯·阿姆斯特朗是非法使用类固醇的作弊者。
They improved his performance and gave him an unfair advantage over cyclists who did not use steroids.
他们提高了他的性能,并给予他比不使用类固醇的骑自行车者不公平的优势.
After years of denying that he took steroids, Armstrong admitted in 2013 that his “mythic, perfect story” was “one big lie.”
在多年否认他服用类固醇后,阿姆斯特朗在2013年承认他的"神秘而完美的故事"是"一个大谎言". “
Within days, his honors were stripped away, and he became an outcast in the sport he once dominated.
几天之内,他的荣誉被剥去,他成了他曾经主宰的运动中的被抛弃者.
What Are Steroids?
什么是类固醇?
The term steroids can refer to different things.
类固醇一词可以指不同的东西.
The human body naturally produces some steroids as it develops and goes through puberty.
人体在发育并经历青春期时自然会出出一些类固醇.
These natural steroids affect a person’s bone and muscle growth and play a role in many other changes.
这些天然类固醇会影响一个人的骨骼和肌肉生长,并在许多其他变化中起一定作用.
The body keeps these steroids in a delicate balance.
身体使这些类固醇保持微妙的平衡.
Doctors sometimes prescribe other kinds of steroids to treat health problems such as asthma or skin disorders.
医生有时会开出其他类固醇来治疗哮喘或皮肤病等健康问题.
These steroids can also be used to help people who have cancer or other serious diseases.
这些类固醇也可以用来帮助有癌症或其他严重疾病的人.
However, these steroids should only be used under the careful supervision of a doctor, as they can be very dangerous.
然而,这些类固醇只有在医生的仔细监督下使用,因为它们可能非常危险.
Blood Doping Lance Armstrong was also participating in blood doping.
血多平·兰斯·阿姆斯特朗也参与了血多平.
Blood doping increases the amount of oxygen carried by the body’s red blood cells.
吸血会增加身体红血球携带的氧气量.
The more oxygen a body has, the more efficiently it runs.
身体的氧气越多,运行效率就越高.
One way that athletes can blood dope is to remove and then freeze some of their blood before a competition.
运动员可以吸血的其中一个方法是在比赛前取出并冻结部分血液.
By the time the race is on, their bodies will have naturally replaced the missing red blood cells.
到比赛开始时,他们的身体会自然地取代了缺失的红血球.
As the race is set to begin, the athletes will put back the blood they originally took out of their body.
随着赛事的开始,运动员们会将原本从身体取出去的血液放回.
As a result, their bodies have extra red blood cells and oxygen to use on game day.
因此,他们的身体有额外的红血球和氧气在游戏日使用.
Ben Johnson won the 100-meter sprint at the 1988 Olympic Games.
本·约翰逊在1988年奥林匹克运动会中获得了100米短跑的冠军.
He later tested positive for steroids and had to return his gold medal.
他后来检测出类固醇呈阳性,并不得不还回自己的金牌.
The kinds of steroids that some athletes use are called anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS).
一些运动员使用的类固醇类型被称作类固醇(AAS).
Anabolic means they affect the way the body builds tissue, such as muscle.
麻醉(Anabolic)是指它们会影响身体构造组织的方式,如肌肉.
Androgenic means the development of the body, such as the development of reproductive organs or facial hair.
人工生殖指身体的发育,如生殖器官或面发的发育.
Anabolic-androgenic steroids are often simply referred to as anabolic steroids.
类固醇(Anabolic-androgenic speople)常被简单地称为类固醇.
Anabolic steroids are similar to the hormone testosterone, which the human body produces naturally in small amounts.
麻醉类固醇与激素睾酮相类似,人体自然而然地产生少量的睾酮.
Artificial steroids, however, change the balance of hormones in the body.
然而,人工类固醇会改变体内激素的平衡.
While this imbalance allows people to become better athletes in the short term, it can also cause serious health problems.
虽然这种不平衡使得人们能够在短期内成为更好的运动员,但也会造成严重的健康问题.
When people exercise, their muscle fibers develop microscopic rips and tears.
当人们运动时,肌肉纤维会发展出微缩的撕裂和眼泪.
When the body naturally repairs these tears, the cells become larger, so muscles grow and become stronger.
当身体自然地修复了这些眼泪后,细胞会变大,因此肌肉会长出并变得更强.
The more a person exercises, the more the fibers are torn and repaired.
一个人越多锻炼,纤维越被撕裂并修复.
Steroids speed up the repair process, and, as a result, steroid users become stronger more quickly than people who don’t use those substances.
类固醇加速了修复过程,因此类固醇使用者比不使用这些物质的人更快地变得更强.
History of Steroids Lance Armstrong is just one in a long line of athletes who have tried to gain an unfair advantage by using special substances.
斯德洛斯·兰斯·阿姆斯特朗(英语:Steroids Lance Armstrong)的历史只是一长串试图通过使用特殊物质来获得不公平优势的运动员之一.
In ancient Greece, the first Olympians drank a special concoction, believing that it made them stronger.
在古希腊,第一位奥林匹克人饮用了一种特制的相声,认为这使他们更加强大.
Roman chariot racers downed an herbal drink that supposedly increased their stamina.
罗马战车选手将一瓶草药饮料倒下,据称这提高了他们的耐力.
It wasn’t until the 1950s that the modern era of performance-enhancing drugs took off.
直到20世纪50年代,
American physician and weight lifter John Ziegler learned that weight lifters from the Soviet Union (now broken up into Russia and other countries) were using artificial steroids to dominate international competitions.
美国医生和举重运动员约翰·齐格勒得知,来自苏联的举重者(现在已分出俄罗斯和其他国家)正在使用人造类固醇来主导国际比赛.
Ziegler developed his own synthetic steroid and wrote about his discovery in popular bodybuilding magazines.
齐格勒开发了自己的合成类固醇,并写下他在受欢迎的健美杂志上的发现.
The steroid craze began.
类固醇狂ze症开始.
Soon, athletes and others began using these substances.
不久,运动员等开始使用这些物质.
So many athletes were using steroids that the International Olympic Committee, which organizes the Olympic Games, banned their use in 1975.
如此多的运动员使用类固醇,以至于组织奥林匹克运动会的国际奥林匹克委员会于1975年禁止使用.
Today, the use of steroids is banned in every major sport, and the United States has passed laws making the use, possession, or sale of anabolic steroids illegal.
今天,在每一大运动中都禁止使用类固醇,美国已经通过法律,规定使用、拥有或销售类固醇是非法的。
The prospect of going to jail doesn’t stop some people, though.
但入狱的希望并没有阻止一些人。
They continue to use anabolic steroids in spite of the risks.
他们不顾风险,继续使用类固醇。
This has become much easier in recent years with the development of designer steroids.
近年来随着设计师类固醇的研发,这已经变得更加容易了.
These specially made steroids are designed to be undetectable in drug tests, making it difficult for sports organizations to catch cheaters.
这些特制类固醇被设计成在药物测试中无法被检测出,使得体育组织难以抓住作弊者.
Bad Medicine People who take steroids may look more muscular or be able to perform better than before, but these artificial hormones have a big impact on the body and mind.
坏药 服用类固醇的人看起来可能比以前更肌肉或表现更好,但这些人工激素对身体和心灵有较大影响.
The short-term side effects can include persistent bad breath, acne, and swelling of the legs and feet.
短期的副作用可以包括持续的不良呼吸,ne,腿和脚的肿胀.
The long-term use of steroids can ruin or even end a person’s life.
长期使用类固醇会破坏甚至终结一个人的生命.
Steroids can change the level of blood cholesterol, which is a fatty substance that can build up on the walls of blood vessels.
类固醇可以改变血胆固醇的水平,而血胆固醇是一种脂肪物质,可以在血管壁上积聚.
When some of this substance breaks off, it can clog a blood vessel, causing a stroke or heart attack.
当一些这种物质断裂后,可以堵住血管,引起中风或心脏病发作.
Since the heart is one big muscle, the use of steroids can cause serious heart problems.
由于心脏是一个大肌肉,使用类固醇会造成严重的心脏问题.
Steroids can also destroy a person’s liver, which helps remove waste from the bloodstream.
类固醇也可以破坏一个人的肝脏,这有助于去除血液中的废物.
If the liver isn’t working properly, the buildup of waste in the blood can cause serious illness.
如果肝脏不能正常工作,
Steroids can also disrupt the brain’s ability to function.
类固醇也可以破坏大脑的功能能力.
They can cause a person to see things that aren’t there.
他们可以让一个人看到不存在的东西。
They can also cause panic attacks, depression, and an overly aggressive behavior informally called steroid rage.
它们也会导致恐慌症,抑郁症,以及被非正式地称为类固醇愤怒的过度攻击行为.
Steroids can disrupt a person’s natural hormone balance.
类固醇可以破坏一个人的自然激素平衡.
Women who take steroids may grow facial hair or develop a permanently deeper voice.
服用类固醇的妇女可能长出面部发型,或形成永久更深的声音.
Men who take steroids can get a condition in which they develop noticeable breast tissue.
服用类固醇的男性可以得到一种条件,在这种条件下,他们可以发展出明显的乳腺组织.
Adolescents who use steroids can have severe side effects, such as stunted growth.
使用类固醇的青少年可能会有严重的副作用,如发育迟缓.
Once a person starts using steroids, stopping can be very dangerous.
一旦一个人开始使用类固醇,停止可能非常危险.
Because the body’s natural balance is completely thrown off, when a steroid user stops taking the drugs, he or she can suffer severe withdrawal symptoms.
由于身体的自然平衡被完全抛出,当类固醇使用者停止服用药物时,他或她可能会有严重的取出症状.
Depression, muscle aches, nausea, and irritability are only a few of the side effects.
抑郁症,肌肉疼痛,恶心和刺激只是少数副作用.
Moreover, muscles shrink, and strength diminishes within weeks after stopping.
此外,肌肉收缩,停止后的几周内强度会减弱.
Athletes Getting Caught The year was 1998, and it was one for the record books.
被选中的运动员 该年为1998年,为有记载的书籍之一.
Two baseball sluggers, Mark Mc Gwire of the St.
两个棒球击球手,圣克格威尔的马克.
Louis Cardinals and Sammy Sosa of the Chicago Cubs, battled one another, hoping to break baseball’s single-season home run record.
芝加哥小熊队的路易·卡迪纳斯(Louis Cardinals)和萨米·索萨(Sammy Sosa)相争相出道,希望打破棒球单季全垒打全垒打纪录.
Roger Maris of the New York Yankees had set the record in 1961 with 61 home runs.
纽约洋基队的罗杰·马里斯于1961年以61支全垒打创下纪录.
Mc Gwire broke Maris’s record, slugging 70 home runs.
McGwire打破了马里斯的纪录,
The following season, Barry Bonds of the San Francisco Giants hit 73.
次赛季,旧金山巨人队的巴里·邦德斯打入73球.
It seemed like a spectacular season, but it would soon be tainted.
这似乎是一个壮观的季节, 但很快它会被污染。
Sosa, Mc Gwire, Bonds, and other big-name players became mixed up in one of the greatest steroid scandals in sports.
Sosa,McGwire,Bonds等大名球员被混入了体育界最伟大的类固醇丑闻之一.
In the early 2000s, baseball officials revealed that 5 percent of the 1,438 major-league players they tested for drugs took steroids.
2000年代初,棒球官员透露,他们为药物测试的1,438名大同事中,有5%的人服用类固醇.
Because of their association with steroids, Mc Gwire, Bonds, and other top stars have been refused induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame, the highest honor in the game.
由于与类固醇有关,麦克格威尔,邦德等顶级明星被拒入棒球名人堂入选,这是游戏中的最高荣誉.
They have each been branded a cheater, staining their legacies forever.
他们每个人都被打上作弊的烙印,永远玷污他们的遗产。
Anabolic steroids can also taint the legacy of Olympic athletes around the world.
Anabolic类固醇还可以侵袭世界各地奥林匹克运动员的遗产.
Chinese swimmer Wu Yanyan set a world record at the Chinese National Games in 1997.
中国游泳运动员 吴燕燕在1997年中国全国运动会中创下世界纪录.
A test taken at the Chinese Olympic trials found that Wu Yanyan tested positive for anabolic steroids.
中国奥运会试训中进行的一项测试发现,吴燕燕对类固醇检测呈阳性.
As a result, both Yanyan and her coach were fined and dismissed from the Chinese national swim team.
燕燕也因此被罚款并被开除出中国国家游泳队.
World swimming rules required Yanyan to be suspended from competitive swimming for four years.
世界游泳规则要求燕燕被暂停参加竞技游泳四年.
Because of her suspension, Yanyan, one of the top swimmers in the world at the time, was not allowed to compete in the 2000 Olympic Games.
由于被停赛,当时世界顶级游泳运动员之一的燕燕被允许出战2000年奥运会.
Teens on Steroids Steroid use among teens is a major problem.
青少年对类固醇的使用是一个主要问题。
One study suggests that 6 percent of middle school and high school boys and 5 percent of girls use steroids.
一项研究表明,6%的中学生和高中男生以及5%的女孩使用类固醇。
The Centers for Disease Control reports that 5.
疾病控制中心报告说,有5.
3 percent of high school girls admit to using anabolic steroids.
3%的高中女生承认使用类固醇。
When teens are caught using steroids, they are usually no longer allowed to play sports, and they can even be kicked out of school.
青少年被用类固醇抓起后,通常不再允许他们参加运动,甚至可以被踢出学校.
This one poor choice in middle or high school can cause problems for a person’s entire future.
在中学或高中,这种选择不佳,可能会给一个人的整个未来带来问题。
Researchers say teens take steroids because they are influenced by the media’s perception of a beautiful body.
研究者说青少年服用类固醇是因为受到媒体对美丽身体的看法所影响.
They also take steroids because of the highly competitive nature of school sports.
由于学校体育的高度竞争性质,他们也服用类固醇.
Many student athletes hope steroids will give them an edge to win.
许多学生运动员希望类固醇能让他们获得优势取胜.
Unfortunately, in an attempt to enhance their physical appearance or abilities, they damage the very thing they are trying to improve—their bodies.
不幸的是,为了提高他们的外表或能力,他们破坏了他们试图改善的身体。
HGH Human growth hormone (HGH), as its name suggests, helps the body grow.
HGH 人类生长激素(HGH),正如其名字所暗示的,帮助身体生长.
Some people take daily injections of artificial HGH because their bodies do not produce enough of the hormone to grow properly.
有些人每天注射人工HGH,因为他们的身体不能产生足够的激素来正常生长.
Some athletes abuse HGH, believing it increases muscle mass and makes them stronger.
一些运动员滥用HGH,相信它能增加肌肉质量并使他们更强壮.
However, researchers dismiss these assertions and say that HGH is dangerous when abused.
然而,研究人员驳斥了这些断言,并说HGH在被滥用时是危险的.
Community members hold a memorial service for two young athletes who died from steroid use.
社区成员为两名因使用类固醇而死亡的年轻运动员举行追悼会.
Chinese swimmer Wu Yanyan tested positive for anabolic steroids in 1997.
中国游泳运动员 1997年吴艳燕检测出异型类固醇呈阳性.
Conclusion Steroids change who you are.
结论 类固醇会改变你的身份
In an effort to gain a competitive edge or just larger muscles, the body and mind transform—and this transformation comes at a price.
为了获得竞争优势或仅仅是更大的肌肉,身体和心灵会转变——这种转变是有代价的.
By using steroids, athletes at all levels run the risk of being labeled cheaters.
通过使用类固醇,各级运动员都有被贴上作弊标签的风险.
They tear apart their bodies and minds to earn an artificial victory.
他们撕裂自己的身体和思想 以获得一个人为的胜利。
In the end, they are left with terrible side effects that may never subside as well as the knowledge that everything they achieved was just “one big lie.”
最后,它们受到可怕的副作用,这些副作用可能永远不会减弱,而且它们所实现的一切只是“一个大谎言”。 “