Spain
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Where Is It?
内容表在哪里?
4 People.
4个人。
6 Land.
6地.
8 History.
8 历史.
10 Celebrations.
10个庆典.
12 Food.
12 粮.
13 Conclusion.
13 结论。
14 Glossary.
14 词汇表。
16 Map of Spain ATLANTIC OCEAN Strait of Gibraltar BAY OF BISCAY SPAIN MOROCCO Balearic Islands (Spain) PORTUGAL FRANCE Pyrenees Cueta (Spain) AFRICA ASIA EUROPE MEDITERRANEAN SEA Madrid H Barcelona Valencia Granada Cordoba Pamplona Canary Islands (Spain) Melilla (Spain) Where Is It?
16 西班牙大西洋直布罗陀海峡地图 BAY OF BISCAY SPAIN MOROCCO 巴利阿里群岛(西班牙) 法国 比利牛斯·库埃塔(西班牙) 东南亚 马德里 H 巴塞罗那 巴伦西亚·格拉纳达 科尔多瓦·潘普洛纳·卡纳利群岛(西班牙) 梅利利亚(西班牙) 它在哪里?
Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.
西班牙是位于欧洲西南部的一个位于伊比利亚半岛上的国家.
It lies south of the Pyrenees (PEER-uh-neez) mountains and stretches all the way to the Strait of Gibraltar— a body of water that separates Spain from the continent of Africa.
它地处比利牛斯山脉以南并一直伸向直布罗陀海峡——这是西班牙与非洲大陆相隔的水体。
France borders Spain to the northeast, and Portugal borders it to the west.
法国边界 东北接西班牙,西接葡萄牙.
The Balearic Islands off Spain’s eastern coast form an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea.
西班牙东岸外的巴利阿里群岛在地中海形成一个群岛。
People appreciate this string of five islands for its beautiful beaches and rich holiday traditions.
人们欣赏这串五岛的美丽海滩和丰富的节日传统。
People also enjoy the beaches of the Canary Islands off the western coast of Morocco.
人们还享受摩洛哥西海岸外加那利群岛的海滩.
The capital and largest city in Spain is Madrid.
西班牙的首都和最大城市是马德里.
Its population is roughly 3.
其人口大约为3人.
3 million, with about 6.
300万,约6个。
5 million people living in its surrounding area.
其周边地区有500万居民.
Madrid sits on a raised plateau about 640 meters (2,100 ft.)
马德里坐落在高地上约640米(2100英尺).
above sea level.
超过海平面。
The Royal Palace in Madrid is one of the grandest buildings in all of Europe.
马德里皇家宫殿是全欧洲最宏伟的建筑之一.
King Alfonso Xlll—the last monarch to live in the palace—fled the country in 1931.
国王阿方索·克勒(英语:Alfonso Xlll)是最后一位居住在宫廷的君主,他于1931年出逃了这个国家.
After the king left, the state took control of the Royal Palace, and no member of the monarchy ever lived there again.
王后出走后,国家控制了皇宫,再也没有君主制成员居住过.
The Spanish royal family now lives in a much smaller palace outside of Madrid.
西班牙王室现在住在马德里外更小的宫殿.
Spain’s government—known as a constitutional monarchy—has a prime minister and a lawmaking group called parliament whose members are elected by the people.
西班牙政府被称为君主立宪制,有一个总理和一个名为议会的立法团体,其成员由人民选举产生。
Their king, Felipe VI, is the head of the government.
他们的国王费利佩六世是政府首脑.
However, only the elected officials can make and pass laws.
然而,只有民选官员才能制定和通过法律。
The Royal Palace was built in the 1700s and boasts 2,800 rooms.
皇宫建于1700年代,自夸有2800个房间.
Today it is used for state ceremonies and public tours.
今天,它被用于国家仪式和公共旅游。
People The population of Spain as of January 2016 was estimated to be fewer than forty-eight million people.
人员 截至2016年1月,西班牙人口估计不到4800万.
The urban population far exceeds that of the rural areas.
城市人口远远超过农村地区。
About three-quarters of the population lives in Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, and other smaller cities.
约四分之三的人口居住在马德里,巴塞罗那,巴伦西亚等更小的城市.
Tourism employs about two million people and is very important to Spain’s economy.
旅游业雇用了大约200万人,对西班牙经济非常重要。
The auto industry remains one of Spain’s largest employers.
汽车工业仍然是西班牙最大的雇主之一。
Other industries include textiles, food, apparel, shipbuilding, and the making of medical equipment.
其他工业包括纺织、食品、服装、造船和医疗设备的制造。
On top of that, Spain proudly produces and exports more olive oil than any other country in the world.
此外,西班牙自豪地生产和出口的橄榄油比世界上任何其他国家都多。
Farmers grow more than two hundred types of olives in Spain.
农民在西班牙种植了200多种橄榄.
Spain overtook Italy in 2014 as the world’s largest producer of olive oil.
西班牙于2014年超越了意大利成为世界上最大的橄榄油生产国.
Spain is a member of the European Union (EU).
西班牙是欧洲联盟(欧盟)的成员。
The EU began in 1951 with the countries of Belgium, Germany, France, Luxembourg, and Italy taking part.
欧盟开始于1951年,比利时,德国,法国,卢森堡,意大利等国参加.
Its purpose was to have countries work together to solve common concerns such as trade, security, and the rights of citizens.
其目的是使各国共同努力解决诸如贸易、安全和公民权利等共同关切的问题。
Most EU members share a currency called the euro.
大多数欧盟成员国共用一种货币,称为欧元.
As of 2015, the EU had twenty- eight member nations.
截至2015年,欧盟有28个成员国.
Spain’s official language is Spanish, or Castilian, and most people speak it.
西班牙的官方语言是西班牙语,或卡斯蒂利亚语,大多数人会说.
Depending on the region, people also speak Basque, Galician, and Catalan languages.
根据地区的不同,人们也会说巴斯克语,加利西亚语,加泰罗尼亚语.
Textile workers prepare clothing to be sold in stores (right).
纺织工人准备在商店出售的服装(右)。
People enjoy a sidewalk cafe in Palma, Spain (below).
人们在西班牙帕尔马享受人行道咖啡馆(下方).
Spain’s Landforms ATLANTIC OCEAN Pyrenees MEDITERRANEAN SEA Sierra Nevada M eseta Central Sierra Morena Andalusian Plain Land Spain’s varied landscape ranges from high plateaus in its interior to dry desert-like regions in the south.
西班牙的地貌 大西洋热带比利牛斯山脉 东南亚 内华达州 M Eseta Central Sierra Morena Andalusian Plain 西班牙的地貌各不相同,从内陆的高地到南部干燥的沙漠等地。
Beautiful beaches and mountain ranges around the country create distinct environments.
全国各地美丽的海滩和山脉创造了独特的环境。
The Meseta Central, a plateau in central Spain, covers about half of the country.
梅塞塔中部是西班牙中部的一个高原,覆盖了全国约一半.
People mine silver, lead, and copper and raise livestock in the mountains that border the Meseta.
人们在与梅塞塔相接的山上开采出银,铅和铜并饲养牲畜.
The dramatic and craggy Sierra Nevada mountain chain rises over southern Spain, with Mount Mulhacén (moo-lah-THEN) towering over the entire range.
戏剧性的克洛克·内华达山脉链起起于西班牙南部,穆尔哈森山(英语:Moo-lah-THEN)高地遍布整个山脉.
The Sierra Nevada is part of the Andalusian (an-duh-LOO-zhuhn) region in the southeast.
内华达山脉是东南部安达卢西亚(an-duh-LOO-zhuhn)地区的一部分.
The Pyrenees mountains lie to the north and form a solid natural border between Spain and France.
比利牛斯山脉地处北部并形成西班牙和法国的坚实自然边界.
The Pyrenees mountain chain stretches from the eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea to the coastline of the Atlantic Ocean in the west.
比利牛斯山脉链从地中海东岸延伸至西部大西洋海岸线.
The chain extends 434 kilometers (270 mi.)
链长434公里(270米.
long.
长.
The western part of the mountain range is a lush, rolling, heavily wooded countryside.
山地山脉西部为地势茂盛,滚滚而上,多为多木质的农村.
In the east, vineyards and orchards are plentiful.
在东部,葡萄园和果园丰盛.
The central region includes a rich display of glaciers, granite peaks, deep canyons, waterfalls, and hundreds of mountain lakes.
中部地区有丰富的冰川展示地,花岗岩峰地,深峡谷地,瀑布地,以及数百个山地湖泊.
Several groups of people—the Andorran, Catalan, Béarnese (bair-NEEZ), and Basque—call the Pyrenees mountains their home.
一些群体——安道尔人、加泰罗尼亚人、贝阿尔内斯人(Bair-NEEZ人)和巴斯克人——将比利牛斯山脉称为他们的家园。
Tradit iona l ly, they make a living through agriculture and raising livestock.
他们靠农业和饲养牲畜维持生计。
A wide variety of animals also live in these mountains.
各种各样的动物也生活在这些山上.
The brown bear, a species of goat- antelope called the chamois (sham-WAH), and the rare bearded vulture all live in the Pyrenees.
棕熊(学名:Cham-WAH)是山羊-羚羊科羚羊属下的一个种,又名相花羚(Cham-WAH),罕见的胡须秃鹫都生活在比利牛斯山脉.
Forests of fir, pine, and oak cover the slopes of the Pyrenees mountains.
森林有平地、松树和橡树,覆盖了比利牛斯山脉的山坡。
History People from Phoenicia (fi-NEE-shuh) settled southern Spain around 800 bc.
来自Phoenicia(fi-NEE-shuh)的历史人物在800bc左右定居了西班牙南部.
Phoenicia is Lebanon, Syria, and Israel today.
蓬尼西亚是今天的黎巴嫩,叙利亚和以色列.
Phoenicians were skilled artisans and sailors who traded ivory and perfumes for bronze and silver goods.
腓尼基人是熟练的工匠和水手,他们用象牙和香水来换取青铜和银货.
Greek traders from Carthage (now Tunisia) followed around 500 bc and brought with them olive trees and grapes.
来自迦太基(现为突尼斯)的希腊商人跟随约500bc并带去橄榄树和葡萄.
Then, around 200 bc, the Romans arrived and ruled Spain for about six hundred years.
随后,约200bc,罗马人到达并统治了西班牙约600年.
They constructed roads and bridges that connected towns.
他们修建了连接城镇的道路和桥梁.
They also built aqueducts that carried water from rivers to cities.
他们还建造了从河流到城市的水管.
Germanic people came from the north after the Romans.
德意志人自罗马人后从北方来.
Then, Muslim settlers known as Moors arrived in the ad 700s and forced the Germanic people from power.
随后,被称作"摩尔人"(Moors)的穆斯林定居者到达了广告"700"并迫使德意志人掌权.
Moorish buildings can still be seen in Spain today, including monuments such as the Alhambra, a palace in Granada built in the 1300s, and the Great Mosque of Córdoba.
如今仍然可以看到西班牙的摩尔式建筑,包括阿勒罕布拉等纪念碑,格拉纳达的一座宫殿建于1300年代,科尔多瓦大清真寺.
Moors built the Alhambra, a palace and fortress, in Granada, Spain, on a high point overlooking the entire valley.
摩斯在西班牙格拉纳达建造了一座高地上俯瞰整个山谷的阿尔罕布拉宫殿和要塞.
For many centuries, Spain had been divided into kingdoms.
几个世纪以来,西班牙一直被划分为王国.
The main ones were Aragon, Castile, and Granada.
主要有阿拉贡,卡斯蒂利亚和格拉纳达.
Two of these kingdoms became one when King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile married.
其中两个王国成为阿拉贡国王斐迪南二世和卡斯蒂利亚女王伊莎贝拉一世结婚后的一个王国.
The king and queen were Catholic monarchs who won a war against the Moors for control of Granada.
王后是天主教君主,为控制格拉纳达而赢得了一场与摩尔人的战争.
Ferdinand and Isabella paid explorers such as Christopher Columbus to find new trade routes for Spain to Asia.
费迪南德和伊莎贝拉付钱给克里斯托弗·哥伦布等探险家去寻找西班牙到亚洲的新贸易路线.
When Columbus discovered the New World (islands in the Caribbean Sea), Spanish colonies were set up there, and gold, silver, and spices were sent back to Spain.
当哥伦布发现"新世界"(加勒比海上的岛屿)后,西班牙殖民地被建立在那里,金,银,香料被送回西班牙.
This period became the “Golden Age” of Spain.
这一时期成为了西班牙的"黄金时代".
However, much wealth was spent on wars with northern Europe.
然而,许多财富被花在了同北欧的战争上.
Spain’s riches began to disappear.
西班牙的财富开始消失。
The next four hundred years were a time of great unrest in Europe.
后四百年是欧洲大动乱的时期.
Countries fought for control of land and territories well into the twentieth century.
20世纪以来,各国为控制土地和领土而斗争。
From 1936 to 1939, Spain fought a violent civil war.
1936年至1939年,西班牙进行了激烈的内战.
When the war ended, General Francisco Franco took control of the country and ruled as a dictator until his death in 1975.
战争结束后,弗朗西斯科·佛朗哥上将控制了国家并作为独裁者统治到他于1975年去世.
After Franco’s death, King Juan Carlos I became the next king and designated Adolfo Suárez—who brought democracy to Spain—as prime minister.
佛朗哥死后,胡安国王 卡洛斯,你好吗? 我成为下一任国王,
La Tomatina Celebrations The Spanish people look forward to local holidays called fiestas, or festivals.
拉托马蒂纳庆祝活动 西班牙人民期待当地节日称为"节日"(fiestas),或"节日".
These holidays often celebrate local harvests, historical events, or saints linked to particular places.
这些节日经常会庆祝当地的收成,历史事件,或与特定地段相联的圣人.
Lively and fun, they include dancing, singing, parades, and fireworks.
生动活泼的乐趣,包括舞蹈,歌唱,游行,和烟花.
St.
圣会.
George’s Day, on April 23, is a time for people to give loved ones books and red roses.
乔治节(George's Day),4月23日,是人们献给亲人书籍和红玫瑰的时刻.
In July, Pamplona hosts the Festival of San Fermín.
7月,潘普洛纳主持"圣费尔明节".
During this festival, men and women try to dodge bulls as they run through the streets of Pamplona.
在这个节日中,男人和女人试图躲避公牛,因为他们跑遍了潘普洛纳的街道.
National Day takes place on October 12.
国庆节于10月12日举行.
This is the date that marks Christopher Columbus’s landing in the Americas.
这个日期标志着克里斯托弗·哥伦布登陆美洲.
For the Spanish people, it is also the date that honors Spain as an important country in the world.
对西班牙人民来说,这也是纪念西班牙成为世界重要国家的日期.
La Tomatina is a yearly festival held in honor of a patron saint.
拉托马蒂纳节(La Tomatina)是每年为一位守护圣人举办的节日.
It is likely the world’s biggest tomato fight.
这很可能是世界上最大的番茄搏斗。
At this festival, ripened tomatoes are brought in by the truckload, and people throw tomatoes at one another—just for fun.
在这个节日中, 被卡车运来被撕碎的番茄,
Tapas Food The Spanish love their food and usually eat three meals a day.
塔帕斯食品 西班牙人爱吃他们的食物,通常每天吃三餐.
A Spanish breakfast might have coffee, milk, or hot chocolate, a sweet roll, and sometimes cereal.
西班牙早餐可能有咖啡,牛奶,或者热巧克力,甜卷,有时还有谷物.
They eat lunch—the biggest meal of the day—around two in the afternoon.
他们午后吃午饭,是白天最大的一顿饭。
Lunch may include soup, salad, a main course, and dessert.
午餐可能包括汤、沙拉、主菜和甜点。
Dinner is a lighter meal and is served late, anywhere from nine to eleven in the evening.
晚饭是一种更轻的晚餐,晚饭晚点,晚上九点到十一点。
Each region in Spain enjoys its own style of food.
西班牙的每个地区都享有自己的食物风格.
Coastal regions typically serve seafood.
沿海地区通常为海产食品服务。
People in central Spain often eat beans, lentils, lamb, and pork.
西班牙中部的人经常吃豆子,扁豆,羊肉和猪肉.
Valencia, known for its rice dishes, is famous for paella—a rice dish that can be made with fish, meat, and vegetables.
巴伦西亚以大米盘而出名,
A delicious and popular soup called gazpacho comes from the Andalusian region of Spain.
一种叫"gazpacho"的美味而受欢迎的汤来自西班牙安达卢西亚地区.
Made with tomatoes and other vegetables, the soup is often served cold in the summer as a refreshing meal.
由番茄等蔬菜所制作,常于夏季提供凉汤作为清凉的一餐.
Tapas are finger foods that can be eaten cold or hot and are usually served on small plates.
塔帕斯是指食品,可以被冷或热地吃,通常在小板上提供.
People serve shrimp and squid along the Spanish coasts, while people serve sausages inland.
人们服务于西班牙沿岸的虾和鱿鱼,而人们则服务于内陆的香肠.
Conclusion The Spanish are a very proud people.
结论 西班牙人是一个非常自豪的人。
Although many identify with the town or region they’re from, their celebrations and festivals bring them together as a nation.
他们的庆祝活动和节日使他们作为一个国家团结起来。
Some regions still try to preserve their own traditions, but the country has been unified for many years.
一些地区仍然试图保存自己的传统,但国家已经统一了多年.
Spain is one of the most lively cultural centers in the European Union.
西班牙是欧洲联盟最活泼的文化中心之一。
It boasts an amazing heritage due in part to the arrival of people from many different parts of the world who have brought celebrations, food, and architecture to Spanish culture.
它拥有惊人的遗产,部分原因是来自世界许多不同地区的人来到西班牙,他们为西班牙文化带来了庆祝活动、食物和建筑。
Although the Spanish treasure their rich and remarkable history, they are also a people who enjoy living in the present.
虽然西班牙人珍藏着他们丰富而出众的历史,但他们也是一个享受现今生活的民族.
Spain’s beauty, its long cultural heritage, and the warmth of its people help to make our world a more interesting place to live in.
西班牙的美丽、悠久的文化遗产和人民的温暖有助于使我们的世界成为一个更有趣的地方。
Antoni Gaudí designed this remarkable church, which stands in Barcelona, Spain.
安东尼·高迪设计了这座令人瞩目的教堂,这座教堂位于西班牙巴塞罗那.
Construction began in 1882 and it still continues.
1882年开工建设,至今仍在继续.
Source: Central Intelligence Agency World Factbook (2015) Population: 48,146,134 Land: 498,980 sq km (310,052 sq.
资料来源:中央情报局世界概况(2015年),人口:48,146,134人,土地:498,980平方公里(310,052平方公里)。
mi.)
(中文(简体) ).