Sacagawea
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Growth of the United States.
4 美国的增长。
5 Sacagawea’s Roots.
5 萨卡加韦亚根.
6 Joining the Corps of Discovery.
6,加入揭秘团.
7 West to the Pacific.
页:1 西接太平洋.
10 The Return Trip.
10"回归之旅".
13 After the Expedition.
十三出征后.
14 Sacagawea Remembered.
14 萨卡加韦亚 记得
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Introduction In the first decade of the 1800s, a Native American teenage girl of Shoshone heritage went on one of the most famous trips in American history.
导言 1800年代前十年,肖肖尼遗产的一位美国原住民少女出道了,这是美国历史上最出名的旅行之一.
As the only female in the group, she faced isolation.
作为该团体中唯一的女性,她面临被孤立.
She also faced hunger, illness, severe weather, and challenging terrain—all with an infant to care for.
她也面临饥饿、疾病、恶劣的天气和充满挑战的地势——都有一个婴儿需要照顾。
This girl was Sacagawea (sah-kah-gah-WEE-ah), one of the most famous and revered Native Americans in U.
这个女孩是Sacagawea (sah-kah-gah-WEE-ah),是美国最出名和受人尊敬的原住民之一.
S.
师曰.
history.
历史
Columbia River Mandan Village Fort Clatsop Missouri River PACIFIC OCEAN N S EW Corps of Discovery Route, 1804–1806 outbound route inbound route modern-day state borders (departure point) St.
哥伦比亚河-曼丹村 Clatsop Missouri河要塞 OCCIFIC OCEAN N S EW 发现路线兵团 1804–1806出入境路线 现代国家边界(出站点) 圣会.
Louis In 1806, there were no states west of the Mississippi River.
刘易斯 1806年,密西西比河以西没有州.
Growth of the United States During Sacagawea’s lifetime, the United States was a very different place than it is today.
在萨卡加韦亚的生平中,美国的增长与今天大相径庭。
In 1803, the United States acquired the Louisiana Territor y from France.
1803年,美国从法国收购了路易斯安那泰利托尔(英语:Louisiana Territor y).
This huge area of land—820,000 square miles (2,123,800 sq km)—west of the Mississippi River doubled the country’s size.
密西西比河以西这一巨大的土地面积——82万平方英里(2,123,800平方公里)——使该国面积翻了一番。
Many different tribes of Native Americans had been living in that area for thousands of years.
许多美洲原住民不同的部落在这一地区生活了几千年。
President Thomas Jefferson sent a team of explorers to the area, led by U.
托马斯·杰斐逊总统派遣了一支由U率领的探险队前往该地区.
S.
师曰.
Army Captain Meriwether Lewis and Second Lieutenant William Clark.
陆军上尉梅里韦瑟·刘易斯和中尉威廉·克拉克.
Jefferson instructed them to search for the Northwest Passage, a waterway believed to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
杰斐逊指示他们去寻找"西北通道",一个被认为连接大西洋和太平洋的水道.
Their job also included learning about the newly acquired lands.
他们的工作还包括了解新获得的土地。
Lewis and Clark’s troop, called the Corps (KOR) of Discovery, began their trip on May 14, 1804, heading up the Missouri River from St.
刘易斯和克拉克的军队被称作"发现者"(KOR),于1804年5月14日开始出行,从圣所向上行走密苏里河.
Louis by boat.
路易乘船来的
Their path would cross Sacagawea’s less than six months later.
在不到六个月后,
Sacagawea’s Roots Sacagawea was born in 1788 or 1789 in what is now Idaho, the daughter of a Lemhi (LEM-hy) Shoshone chief.
Sacagawea's Roots Sacagawea生于1788年或1789年,生于现在的爱达荷州,是一位Lemhi (LEM-hy) Shoshone族长的女儿.
Unlike other tribes in the area, her people had no firearms, so they were at the mercy of their enemies.
与该地区其他部落不同的是,她的人没有火器,所以他们听从敌人的摆布.
Fearful of the Blackfoot and Hidatsa tribes, they had fled to the foothills of the Rocky Mountains.
害怕黑脚和希达察部落,他们已经逃到洛基山脉的山脚上.
In the fall of 1800, when Sacagawea was about twelve, she was captured by a group of Hidatsa in present-day Montana and taken to live with them.
1800年秋,萨卡加韦亚大约12岁时被一群希达察俘虏于现今的蒙大拿州并被带走与他们同住.
Sacagawea never expected to see her own people again.
萨卡加韦亚从未料到会再见到自己人.
Within a few years, the Hidatsa sold her to Toussaint Charbonneau (too-SAN shar-buh-NO), a French-Canadian trapper who made her his wife.
在几年内,希达特萨将她卖给了图桑特·查邦瑙(英语:Toussaint Charbonneau (Too-SAN shar-buh-NO)),这位法裔加拿大人把她当做他的妻子.
They lived among the Mandan and Hidatsa in present-day North Dakota.
他们居住在今北达科他州的曼丹人和希达察人中间.
Louisiana Territory ATLANTIC OCEAN PACIFIC OCEAN Spanish Territory British Territory United States N S EW The Louisiana Territory included all or part of fifteen present-day states.
路易斯安那州领土 路易斯安那领地包括15个现今的州的全部或部分.
Joining the Corps of Discovery After traveling up the Missouri River for six months, Lewis and Clark reached the area where Sacagawea lived.
在出行于密苏里河上半年后加入发现军团,刘易斯和克拉克到达了萨卡加韦亚所居住的地区.
In November 1804, the Corps of Discovery built a fort near the Mandan village.
1804年11月,发现军团在曼丹村附近建造了一座要塞.
Over the winter, they learned everything they could about the lands to the west from the Mandan and Hidatsa.
在冬季,他们从曼丹人和希达特萨人那里学到了他们能掌握的关于向西的土地的一切.
Lewis and Clark needed horses to cross the Rocky Mountains.
刘易斯和克拉克需要马来穿越洛基山脉.
They also needed interpreters to help them communicate with Native American tribes they would meet on their trip.
他们还需要翻译,帮助他们与旅行时会相会的美洲原住民部落沟通。
Lewis and Clark heard about the Shoshones—Sacagawea’s people—who owned many horses and who lived at the base of the Rockies.
Lewis和Clark听说了Shoshone人——Sacagawea的人——他们拥有许多马匹,住在落基山脉的地基。
Lewis and Clark hired Charbonneau and asked him to bring Sacagawea to serve as an interpreter.
刘易斯和克拉克聘请了夏邦瑙并让他带萨卡加韦亚出任翻译.
The arrangement was an amazing stroke of luck for both parties.
这一安排对双方来说都是令人惊叹的幸运之作。
Lewis and Clark were heading into an unknown region, and this girl knew both the area and the Shoshone language.
刘易斯和克拉克正驶入一个未知的区域,而这个女孩既懂这个区域,也懂肖肖尼语.
For Sacagawea, this was an opportunity to return to her homeland.
对萨卡加韦亚来说,这是回到她祖国的机会.
Sacagawea joined the expedition, even though she was pregnant at the time.
萨卡加韦亚加入了探险队,尽管她当时已经怀孕了.
Before the start of the journey, with Lewis’s help, Sacagawea gave birth to a son named Jean Baptiste.
在旅程开始前,在刘易斯的帮助下,萨卡加韦亚生下了一个叫让·巴蒂斯特的儿子.
During the trip, Clark developed a special fondness for the boy and called him “Little Pomp” or “Pompey.”
在旅途中,克拉克对这名男孩发展出特别的喜爱,并称他为"小庞培"或"庞培". “
Pomp became the youngest member of the Corps of Discovery and his mother the only female.
庞普成为发现军团中最年轻的成员,他的母亲成为了唯一的女性.
The expedition left the Mandan village on April 7, 1805, after the spring thaw.
探险队于1805年4月7日从曼丹村出走,后被春节冻死.
Thirty-three people, including Sacagawea and her baby, traveled in two pirogues—large rowboats with sails—and six canoes.
包括Sacagawea和她的孩子在内的33人乘坐了两只小船行走——有帆的大划艇——和六只独木舟。
They set out for an unknown land.
他们前往一个未知的地方。
On May 14, Charbonneau was steering one of the pirogues when a high wind caused him to lose control.
5月14日,当一股高风使他失去控制时,查邦瑙正在驾驶其中一匹小马.
The pirogue tipped, and the expedition’s most valuable items, including journals, navigational instruments, and medicines, started to float away.
探险队最珍贵的物品, 包括日记、导航仪器、药品,
Losing those items would have meant disaster for the group.
失去这些东西会给集团带来灾难。
With Pomp on her back, Sacagawea reached out an arm and rescued almost all the items before the current carried them away.
由于庞普背上她,萨卡加韦亚伸出了一只手臂并拯救了几乎所有被水流带走的物品.
“The Indian woman, to whom I ascribe equal fortitude and resolution with any person on board at the time of the [accident], caught and preserved most of the light articles which were washed overboard,” wrote Lewis in his journal.
刘易斯在日记上写道,“印度妇女在[事故]发生时与船上的任何人一样坚韧和坚决地抓获并保存了被冲入船外的大部分光线文章”。
Sacagawea was also helpful to the expedition in other ways.
Sacagawea也以其他方式帮助了这次探险.
She found edible plants that added important nutrients to their diet of deer and buffalo meat.
她发现了可食用植物,在鹿和水牛肉的饮食中添加了重要的营养.
Lewis was less impressed with Charbonneau, whom he dismissed as “a man of no particular merit.”
刘易斯对Charbonneau没有那么印象,他把Charbonneau解职为“没有特别功绩的人”。 “
West to the Pacific As the expedition approached the Rockies, Sacagawea recognized the area where she’ d been kidnapped.
西到太平洋 当探险队接近落基山脉时,Sacagawea认出她被绑架的地区。
The Shoshone couldn’t be far away.
Shoshone不可能很远。
Lewis and three others went ahead to meet them, while Clark and the rest of the group caught up a few days later.
刘易斯和另外三个人先去迎接他们,而克拉克和小组的其他人几天后赶上了.
Lewis was welcomed into the Shoshone village as a guest of the chief, Cameahwait (kuh-MAY-uh-wate).
刘易斯被作为酋长Cameahwait (kuh-MAY-uh-wate)的客人欢迎入住肖肖尼村.
While Sacagawea was interpreting for Lewis and Clark during negotiations with the chief for horses, she suddenly hugged Cameahwait and cried.
萨卡加韦亚在与酋长谈判马匹时为刘易斯和克拉克翻译时,她突然拥抱了Cameahwait并哭泣.
She had recognized him as her brother.
她认出他是她的兄弟。
During that meeting, Cameahwait traded twenty- nine horses for tobacco, knives, beads, and clothing.
会议期间,Cameahwait用29匹马换了烟草、刀子、珠子和衣服。
The expedition left the Shoshone village on September 1, 1805.
探险队于1805年9月1日离开肖肖尼村.
Sacagawea left her people to travel with the Corps to the Pacific Ocean.
萨卡加韦亚离开她的人 随军团前往太平洋
Crossing the rugged Rocky Mountains was by far the hardest part of the trip.
穿越崎岖的洛基山脉是这次旅行中最艰难的部分.
They had no trail and struggled with snow, getting lost, and finding enough to eat.
他们没有踪迹,与雪相搏,迷路了,找到足够的食物.
As they navigated one mountain range after another, they realized that there was no Northwest Passage connecting North America’s waterways from east to west.
他们意识到,从东到西都没有连接北美水道的西北通道。
The expedition was in the mountains for three weeks before they could see to the other side.
探险队在山上待了三周 才到另一边
Planning to again travel by water, they needed canoes as well as food.
计划再次从水上出行,他们需要独木舟和食物。
Sacagawea’s people had told them about another group of Native Americans—the Nez Perce (NEZ PURS)—who lived just west of the Rockies and would be able to help them.
Sacagawea的人告诉了他们另一群美洲原住民——Nez Perce(Nez Purce), 他们住在落基山脉以西,
The Nez Perce fed the group, helped them build canoes, and gave them directions.
内兹珀斯人喂养了这群人,帮助他们建造了独木舟,并给他们指示.
The Corps reached the mouth of the Columbia River on November 7, 1805.
该军团于1805年11月7日到达哥伦比亚河口.
Here the river rose and fell with the tides and began to taste salty, so they knew that the Pacific Ocean was close.
在这里,河水随潮而起伏并开始有咸味,所以他们知道太平洋是相近的.
Although relieved, they were facing terrible weather and needed a place to spend the winter.
虽然松了一口气,但他们正面临着可怕的天气,需要一个地方过冬.
Lewis and Clark took a vote about where to build a fort.
刘易斯和克拉克就建造要塞的地点进行了投票.
Everyone was allowed to vote—including Sacagawea and York, Clark’s black slave.
每个人都被允许投票——包括萨克加韦亚和约克,克拉克的黑奴.
Sacagawea recommended staying in an area that had wapato roots, which could provide a food supply.
Sacagawea建议留在有瓦帕托根的地区,这可以提供粮食供应。
Lewis and Clark took her suggestion and built Fort Clatsop there (near present-day Astoria, Oregon).
刘易斯和克拉克采纳了她的建议,并在那里建造了克拉特索普堡(今俄勒冈州阿斯托里亚附近).
The Rockies would be too snowy and harsh for travel until spring, so they spent the winter making maps and notes of the area.
落基山脉将太雪和严酷,无法出行到春天,所以他们花了冬天绘制了该地区的地图和笔记.
After the Expedition Lewis and Clark were heroes back in Washington, D.
在"远征刘易斯"和"克拉克"重回华盛顿成为英雄后.
C.
C组
Congress gave each member of the party extra pay as well as land.
国会给予每个党员额外的工资以及土地.
When Charbonneau heard about the rewards, he took Sacagawea and Pomp, now four, to St.
当查邦瑙听到奖赏的消息后,他将萨卡加韦亚和庞普,即现在的四人带到了圣.
Louis, where Clark lived, in the fall of 1809.
路易斯,克拉克所住的地方,1809年秋天.
Pomp stayed in St.
庞普留在了圣.
Louis with Clark, while Charbonneau and Sacagawea left after two years to join another expedition in present-day South Dakota.
路易和克拉克一起出道,而查尔邦瑙和萨卡加韦亚则在两年后出走去加入另一支探险队,参加今天的南达科他.
Sacagawea gave birth to a daughter, Lisette, in August 1812.
萨卡加韦亚于1812年8月生下了一个女儿利塞特.
Four months later, at about age twenty-five, Sacagawea died of a fever.
4个月后,大约25岁时,萨卡加韦亚发烧而死.
The following summer, the fort’s clerk, John Luttig, took Lisette to join Clark and Pomp in St.
次年夏天,要塞的书记员约翰·卢蒂格(John Luttig)带利塞特去圣所与克拉克和庞普会合.
Louis.
刘易斯
Clark became the legal guardian of both children.
克拉克成为两个孩子的法定监护人.
The Return Trip After winter ended, the expedition left Fort Clatsop and began their return trip up the Columbia River.
回归之旅 冬季结束后,远征队离开克拉特索普堡并开始他们在哥伦比亚河上游的回程.
On the way, they bought horses from the Nez Perce for crossing the Rockies.
在路上,他们从内兹珀斯购买了马匹来渡过落基山脉.
At one point, Lewis and Clark separated, with Sacagawea, Pomp, and Charbonneau accompanying Clark’s group by land.
刘易斯和克拉克一度分道扬镳,由萨卡加韦亚,庞普,夏邦瑙从陆路陪同克拉克组.
On their way to the Yellowstone River, back in Shoshone lands, Clark accepted Sacagawea’s suggestion of which route to take.
在去黄石河的途中,回到肖肖尼地盘后,克拉克接受了萨卡加韦亚关于走哪条路线的建议.
“The Indian woman who has been of great service to me as a pilot through this country recommends a gap in the mountain more south, which I shall cross,” Clark wrote.
Clark写道:“这位印度妇女作为我国的飞行员,为我提供了极大的服务,她建议在更南的山上留下一个缺口,我要跨越这个缺口。”
After reuniting with Lewis’s party, the expedition traveled to the Mandan village.
在与刘易斯的聚会重新团聚后,远征队前往了曼丹村.
Lewis and Clark parted ways with Sacagawea at the Mandan village on August 17, 1806.
路易斯和克拉克于1806年8月17日在曼丹村与萨卡加韦亚分道扬镳.
Clark offered to take Pomp back with him to St.
克拉克提出将庞普带回圣所.
Louis and arrange for him to get an education.
路易并安排他接受教育.
Sacagawea said he was too young but that he could go in a year.
Sacagawea说,他太年轻了,但他一年后就可以去。
After leaving, Clark wrote a letter to Charbonneau thanking him for Sacagawea’s service.
离开后,克拉克写了一封信给查邦瑙,感谢他为萨卡加韦亚服务.
For such a long and dangerous journey, Clark wrote, she deserved a greater reward than they could offer her when they parted.
克拉克写道,在这样一个漫长而危险的旅程中,她应该得到比他们分手时所能提供的更大的奖励.
August 17, 1806 Returns to the Mandan village Sacagawea Remembered We don’t know much about Sacagawea, but we do know that she traveled thousands of miles and survived extreme conditions as part of the Lewis and Clark expedition.
1806年8月17日 返回曼丹村 Sacagawea 我们不太了解萨卡加韦亚, 但我们知道她旅行了数千英里,
She found food, served as an interpreter, and reassured the people they encountered that the expedition had peaceful intentions.
她找到食物,担任翻译,并向所遇之人保证探险队有和平意图.
Sacagawea’s life has been the subject of myths that exaggerate her contributions, yet her real contributions were impressive enough.
Sacagawea的生活一直是夸大她的贡献的神话的主题,然而她的真正贡献却令人印象深刻.
She came from the humblest of beginnings as a female Native American in the 1700s who was kidnapped and sold.
她从1700年代作为一名被劫持并被贩卖的女性美洲原住民最卑微的开端而来.
She showed sufficient character and courage in difficult circumstances to prompt two famous explorers to write about her.
她在困难的环境中表现出了足够的性格和勇气来促使两位出名的探险家写下她.
The fact that we continue to tell her story and create art to honor her is evidence of her contributions.
我们继续讲述她的故事,创造艺术来纪念她,这证明了她的贡献.
Sacagawea left a lasting mark on American history.
萨卡加韦亚在美国历史上留下了持久的印记.
Glossary character (n.)
词汇特征(n.)
the moral strength of a person; the overall nature of a person or place (p.
一个人的道德力量; 一个人或地方的整体性质(p.
15) contributions payments, efforts, or other things given (n.)
15) 缴款、努力或其他事项(n.)
to a common goal, cause, or purpose (p.
目标、原因或目的(第3页)
15) Corps of a U.
15) 一个U的军团.
S.
师曰.
Army unit led by Meriwether Discovery (n.)
梅里韦瑟发现组织领导的陆军部队 (n.
Lewis and William Clark, which from 1804–1806 explored land acquired in the Louisiana Purchase (p.
刘易斯和威廉·克拉克从1804年-1806年在路易斯安那州采购公司(p.
5) expedition (n.)
5) 远征 (n.
a group of people who go on a journey or voyage (p.
一行人出行或出行(p.
7) fortitude (n.)
7) 堡垒 (n.
strength; endurance (p.
强度;耐力 (p.
9) interpreters (n.)
9) 口译员(不详)
people who translate one language into another (p.
把一种语言翻译成另一种语言的人(p.
7) kidnapped (v.)
7)被劫持(五.
taken away by force, usually for the purpose of getting money in exchange for release (p.
被强行带走,通常是为了取出钱来换取释放(p.
10) Louisiana a large area of land west of the Territor y (n.)
10) 路易斯安那州泰利托尔河以西的大片土地 (n.
Mississippi River sold by France to the United States in 1803 (p.
密西西比州 1803年被法国出售给美国(p.
5) navigational relating to steering a course toward (adj.)
5) 航行,指向(adj.)航道
a destination (p.
a 目的地(p.
8) negotiations attempts to reach a formal agreement (n.)
8)谈判试图达成正式协议(n.
through discussion (p.
通过讨论(p.
10) Northwest an imaginary trade route across North Passage (n.)
10)西北一通假想通向北通口的贸易路线 (n.
America that went up the Missouri River and down the Columbia River (p.
上密苏里河和下哥伦比亚河的美国(p.
5) Shoshone (n.)
5) 肖肖尼 (n.
a member of a group of Native Americans in the Northwest (p.
西北地区美洲原住民群体成员(p.
4) December 20, 1812 Dies around age 25 at Fort Manuel in present-day South Dakota (or does she …?)
4)1812年12月20日 在今天的南达科他州的曼努埃尔堡大约25岁时死亡(还是她......