Russia
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Where Is It?
内容表在哪里?
4 People.
4个人。
6 Land.
6地.
8 History.
8 历史.
10 Celebrations.
10个庆典.
12 Food.
12 粮.
13 Conclusion.
13 结论。
14 Glossary.
14 词汇表。
16 ARCTIC OCEAN RUSSIA CHINA MONGOLIA KAZAKHSTAN ESTONIA LATVIA BELARUS UKRAINE Moscow H BERING SEA SEA OF OKHOTSK SEA OF JAPAN ASIA EUROPE Where Is It?
16 中亚、中亚、中国、蒙古、哈萨克斯坦、爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、乌克兰 莫斯科HBERING 东南亚OKHOTSK 日本亚洲欧洲在哪里?
Russia is a huge country that stretches all the way from Eastern Europe to East Asia, encompassing eleven time zones and 16,377,742 square kilometers (6,323,500 sq.
俄罗斯是一个从东欧一直延伸到东亚的庞大国家,包括11个时区和16 377 742平方公里(6 323 500平方公里)。
mi.)
(中文(简体) ).
of land.
拥有土地
Twice the size of the United States, Russia is the largest country in the world.
俄罗斯是美国面积的两倍,是世界上最大的国家.
Seas and oceans surround Russia on two sides.
海洋两侧环绕着俄罗斯.
The Arctic Ocean lies to the north and three seas are to the east.
北冰洋地处北部,东起三海.
In Europe, Russia shares borders with Finland, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan among others.
在欧洲,俄罗斯与芬兰,乌克兰,哈萨克斯坦等国接壤.
Its Asian neighbors include Mongolia, China, and Japan.
其亚洲邻国有蒙古,中国和日本.
Separated by the Bering Strait, Russia’s far eastern tip is only 88.
由白令海峡分出,俄罗斯最远的东端尖地只有88.
5 kilometers (55 mi.)
5公里(55海里)
from the west coast of the state of Alaska in the United States.
来自美国阿拉斯加州的西海岸.
The capital of Russia is Moscow, a large city not far from the country’s western border.
俄罗斯首都为莫斯科,是距离该国西部边境不远的一座大城市.
More than twelve million people live there.
有1 200多万人生活在那里。
One of the most famous places in Moscow is the Kremlin.
莫斯科最出名的地方之一是克里姆林宫.
The Kremlin was once used as a castle or fort.
克里姆林宫曾被作为城堡或要塞.
Today, this structure in Moscow is a group of buildings including palaces, cathedrals, and government offices.
如今,莫斯科的这种结构是一组建筑,包括宫殿,大教堂和政府办公室.
The Kremlin is the center of government for Russia and is the official residence of the Russian president.
克里姆林宫是俄罗斯的政府中心,也是俄罗斯总统的正式官邸.
It is bordered at one end by a famous plaza called Red Square.
其一端毗邻一个著名的广场"红色广场".
Together, the Kremlin and Red Square are important not only to the people of Russia, but to the world.
克里姆林宫和红广场一起不仅对俄罗斯人民,而且对世界都很重要.
They will always be protected and restored.
他们将永远受到保护和恢复。
St.
圣会.
Basil’s Cathedral, built in the sixteenth century, is one of the most famous sights in Russia.
巴西尔大教堂建于16世纪,是俄罗斯最出名的景点之一.
People Although Russia is very large, it ranks tenth in the world in terms of population.
虽然俄罗斯人口众多,但就人口而言,俄罗斯在世界上排名第十.
Around 142 million people (less than half the population of the United States) live there.
大约有1.42亿人(不到美国人口的一半)住在那里.
About three-fourths of the population live in cities.
约四分之三的人口居住在城市.
People in Russia speak about one hundred different languages in communities across the country, but most people speak Russian.
俄罗斯人在全国社区里讲大约一百种不同的语言,但大多数人讲俄语.
Written Russian uses the Cyrillic alphabet, which is a modified form of the Greek alphabet.
书面俄语使用西里尔字母,是希腊字母的一种被修改后的形式.
Many people work in one of the major industries in Russia related to the land’s natural resources.
许多人在俄罗斯与土地自然资源有关的主要行业之一工作。
Russia has about one fourth of our planet’s forests and, as a result, Russia is one of the biggest producers of lumber in the world.
俄罗斯拥有地球约四分之一的森林,因此俄罗斯是世界上最大的木材生产国之一。
With oceans on two of its borders, Russia also has a booming fishing industry, and people from around the world eat fish caught off of Russia’s coasts.
俄罗斯拥有两条边界上的海洋,
The Cyrillic Alphabet The Cyrillic alphabet has thirty- three letters, seven more than the alphabet used in English.
西里尔字母表 西里尔字母有三十三个字母,比英语使用的字母多出七个.
The Moscow Ballet performs Swan Lake.
莫斯科芭蕾舞团表演"天鹅湖".
Fishermen haul a net of salmon in Russia.
渔民在俄罗斯拖取了鲑鱼网.
Resources also include huge amounts of coal, oil, and natural gas.
资源还包括大量的煤炭、石油和天然气。
Russia is among the top three producers of the world’s oil and natural gas.
俄罗斯是世界上石油和天然气产量最高的三大生产国之一。
Sports such as soccer and ice hockey are popular in Russia, and there are many outdoor activities to do in summer and winter months, such as swimming, tennis, volleyball, snowmobiling, ice fishing, sledding, and visiting hot springs.
足球和冰球等体育在俄罗斯很受欢迎,夏季和冬季的月份有许多户外活动,如游泳,网球,排球,起雪,冰钓,雪橇等,以及参观温泉等.
Russia has produced many of the best chess players in the world.
俄罗斯出产了多位世界一流棋手.
The arts in Russia flourish.
俄罗斯的艺术蓬勃发展.
Many famous authors, poets, and composers of classical music have been of Russian birth.
许多著名的作家,诗人,和古典音乐的作曲家都是俄罗斯出世.
Russia is also a world leader in ballet.
俄罗斯也是芭蕾舞的世界领先者.
Perhaps one of the most famous ballets in the world, Swan Lake, was written by the composer Tchaikovsky (chy-KAWF-skee), one of many legendary Russian composers.
也许世界上最出名的芭蕾舞剧"天鹅湖"由作曲家柴可夫斯基(英语:Tchaikovsky (chy-KAWF-skee))作曲,是众多传奇俄罗斯作曲家之一.
Russia’s Landforms Russian Plain West Siberian Plain Central Siberian Plateau Kulunda Steppe Kamchatka Peninsula ARCTIC OCEAN BERING SEA Ural Mountains SEA OF OKHOTSK SEA OF JAPAN Moscow H Oymyakon St.
俄罗斯的地貌 俄罗斯平原 西伯利亚平原 中西伯利亚高原 库伦达斯德佩 堪察加半岛 (原始内容存档于2017-10-22). ARCTIC OCBERING Sea Ural Mounties Sea of OKHOTSK Sea of Japan Moscow H Oymyakon St.
Petersburg Sayan Mountains LAKE BAIKAL Land The landscape changes across Russia’s expansive territory.
彼得堡萨扬山脉 湖边土地 地貌在俄罗斯广阔的领土上变化。
The main geographical features are plains, plateaus, and mountains.
主要地理特征为平原,高原,高山.
The West Siberian Plain covers more than 2.
西西伯利亚平原面积超过 2.
6 million square kilometers (1 million sq.
面积600万平方千米(1百万平方千米.
mi.)
(中文(简体) ).
of territory in central Russia.
俄罗斯中部的领土。
Much of Russian territory is covered with mountains, most notably the Ural Mountains in the west and several mountain ranges in the south and east, including the Sayan Mountains.
俄罗斯的大部分领土被山脉所覆盖,最出名的是西部的乌拉尔山脉和南部和东部的多座山脉,包括萨扬山脉.
Rivers and lakes abound in Russia as well, including Lake Baikal, which is 1,620 meters (5,315 ft.)
俄罗斯也有大量河流和湖泊,包括贝加尔湖,该湖有1,620米(5,315英尺).
deep—the deepest lake in the world.
深-世界上最深的湖泊.
Russia is also home to different ecosystems.
俄罗斯也拥有不同的生态系统。
Flat, always frozen land called tundra covers the northern areas and makes up about one-tenth of Russia’s total territory.
平地,常被冰冻地称为苔原,覆盖了北部地区,占了俄罗斯总面积的十分之一。
The taiga, evergreen forests of spruce and pine, are located south of the tundra.
平地(taiga),常绿阔叶林和松林,地处苔原以南.
These are the vast forests that support Russia’s huge lumber industry.
这些是支撑俄罗斯巨大木材业的广阔森林.
Forests composed of trees such as oak, maple, and birch grow in warmer areas.
由橡树,枫树等树木所组成的森林在温暖地区生长.
The southern areas of Russia are home to expansive grasslands called the steppe.
俄罗斯南部地区是被称作"草原"的扩张草地的家园.
The Russian climate can best be described as very cold.
俄罗斯气候最能被形容为非常寒冷.
The southernmost Russian areas are located at least as far north as Seattle, Washington, and most of the rest of the country is even farther north.
最南端的俄罗斯地区至少位于最北端到西雅图,华盛顿等地,而该国其他地区大部分甚至更北.
The small village of Oymyakon in Siberia is the coldest permanent settlement in the world, with a record low temperature of –71˚C (–96˚F).
西伯利亚的奥伊米亚克翁小村是世界上最冷的永久居民点,最高的低温为-71-C (-96-F).
Some areas of Russia have only two to three months without frost each year.
俄罗斯部分地区每年只有两到三个月没有霜.
However, many areas of Russia also have lovely summers.
然而,俄罗斯的许多地区也有可爱的夏天.
Russian taiga History Russia has a long history, but it did not have much power in Europe until the reign of Peter the Great (Peter I, 1682–1725).
俄罗斯泰加历史 俄罗斯历史悠久,但直到彼得大帝(彼得一世,1682年–1725年)统治时,它在欧洲没有多少权力.
Peter improved Russia’s military and economy, which modernized Russia and elevated it to the level of other European powers.
彼得改进了俄罗斯的军事和经济,使俄罗斯现代化并提升到其他欧洲强国的水平.
In the eighteenth century, Russia gained important territories under Catherine the Great (Catherine II, 1762–1796).
在18世纪,俄罗斯获得了凯瑟琳大帝统治下的重要领地(凯瑟琳二世,1762–1796年).
Under Catherine’s leadership, Russia took control of parts of Poland and Turkey.
在凯瑟琳的领导下,俄罗斯控制了波兰和土耳其的部分地区.
For hundreds of years, czars and czarinas ruled Russia.
数百年来,沙皇和沙皇统治了俄国.
In 1917, after years of unrest, a revolution completely changed Russian politics.
1917年,经过多年的动乱后,一场革命彻底改变了俄罗斯的政治.
The revolution brought the end of the Russian monarchy and led to the formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1922.
革命使俄罗斯君主制结束,并导致1922年苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟(苏联)的成立.
The USSR was the first country to be ruled by a communist government.
苏联是第一个被共产主义政府统治的国家.
The goal of communism is to lessen inequality among the people by having the government own the land, housing, and companies, and share wealth equally among citizens.
共产主义的目标是通过政府拥有土地、住房和公司来减少人民之间的不平等,并在公民中平等分享财富。
The flag of the USSR Russia took control of the countries in the USSR, including Ukraine and the countries now called Belarus, Georgia, Azerbaijan (a-zur-by- ZHAHN), and Armenia, among others.
苏联俄罗斯国旗控制了苏联各国,包括乌克兰和现在称为白俄罗斯,格鲁吉亚,阿塞拜疆(a-zur-by-ZHAHN)和亚美尼亚等国.
Moscow was the USSR’s capital city.
莫斯科是苏联的首都.
However, the USSR was troubled with economic and political problems that left many people in poverty.
然而,苏联对使许多人陷入贫困的经济和政治问题感到不安。
The USSR officially broke up on December 31, 1991, and after that Russia was no longer a communist country.
苏联于1991年12月31日正式解体,之后俄罗斯不再是共产主义国家.
Today, Russia has more of a market economy.
今天,俄罗斯拥有更多的市场经济.
This means that businesses compete with one another rather than being controlled by the government.
这意味着企业相互竞争,而不是被政府所控制.
Since around the time of the fall of the USSR, Russia has been ruled by elected presidents and a parliament.
自苏联倒台后,俄罗斯开始由民选总统和一议会统治.
Poor women share a bowl of soup in the Soviet Union in the 1930s.
1930年代在苏联,贫穷妇女共用一碗汤.
Celebrations Although Russia does not have a single official religion, the Russian Orthodox Church is its main religious institution.
庆祝活动 尽管俄罗斯没有单一的官方宗教,但俄罗斯正教会是其主要的宗教机构.
Therefore, many Russians celebrate Christmas, although in the Russian Orthodox Church the date falls on January 7 rather than December 25.
因此,许多俄罗斯人庆祝圣诞节,虽然在俄罗斯正教会中,日期是1月7日,而不是12月25日.
Easter is another major holiday in Russia.
复活节是俄罗斯又一大节日.
Celebrating Easter usually involves preparing and sharing baked goods and painting hard-boiled eggs.
庆祝复活节通常包括准备并分享烤出的物品并画出被硬煮熟的鸡蛋.
Russia also has a large Muslim population.
俄罗斯也有大量穆斯林人口.
During the holy month of Ramadan, Muslim people eat only after sunset.
在神圣的斋月期间,穆斯林只在日出后吃.
Other Russian holidays include Independence Day on June 12 and Victory Day on May 9.
其他俄罗斯节日包括6月12日独立日和5月9日胜利日.
Victory Day celebrates the end of World War II.
胜利日庆祝二战结束.
There is also an ancient holiday celebrating the end of winter, called Maslenitsa (MOSS-leen- yit-sah), and it involves eating a meal starring pancakes called blinis (BLEE-nees) that stand for the Sun.
还有一个古老的节日来庆祝冬天的结束,叫"Maslenitsa"(MOSS-leen-yit-sah),它涉及吃一顿主食为代表太阳的叫"blinis"(BLE-nees)的煎饼.
People usually serve blinis topped with butter, and sometimes they use caviar, berries, or sour cream.
人们通常会用黄油为布林斯服务,有时会使用鱼子酱,浆果,或酸奶油.
People celebrate with outdoor activities like sleigh rides and snowball fights and, in some communities, there are dancing bears as entertainment.
人们以诸如雪橇骑行和雪球打斗等户外活动来庆祝,在一些社区,有舞蹈熊作为娱乐.
A woman makes blinis at a Maslenitsa celebration.
一个女人在马斯莱尼察的庆典上做了布林斯
Food A soup called borscht, made with beets, cabbage, and other root vegetables such as onions and carrots, is popular in Russia and famous around the world.
粮食 以甜菜,小白菜等生地为原料,并用葱和胡萝卜等根菜来做成的一汤,在俄罗斯很受欢迎,并在全世界出名.
The beets give the soup a distinctive red color.
甜菜使汤有明显的红色.
Some Russians make a traditional drink called kvass at home.
一些俄罗斯人在家里做一种叫克瓦斯的传统饮料.
People make kvass by soaking stale bread in water with yeast and sometimes other ingredients such as raisins or mint.
人们通过用酵母和有时用其他成分如葡萄干或薄荷等在水中浸出被烤焦的面包来做克瓦.
Then they let the mixture sit for a few days.
然后他们让混合物坐了几天。
The finished product has a tangy, sour flavor.
成品有干燥酸味.
Some people use kvass to make a traditional soup called okroshka, which has cucumbers, meat such as sausages and salami, and boiled eggs as ingredients.
有些人用克瓦斯来做一种叫"okroshka"的传统汤,它有黄瓜,香肠等肉类和香肠等,煮蛋作为原料.
People serve okroshka cold and eat it in summer.
人们在夏日里服侍秋香花并吃
Before the twentieth century, people in Russia kept most foods from spoiling by salting, pickling, or drying them to last through the long, cold winters.
在20世纪之前,俄罗斯人保存了大部分食物不被盐分,腌制,或干燥以延续漫长,寒冷的冬季.
Today, some of these techniques are still used to honor tradition.
今天,其中一些技术仍然被用来纪念传统.
Across Russia, and particularly in major cities such as Moscow and St.
在俄罗斯全境,特别是在莫斯科和圣德等主要城市.
Petersburg, restaurants offer different types of food from around the world.
彼得堡,餐馆提供来自世界各地的不同类型的食物.
Borscht can be served hot or cold.
Borscht可以供热或冷.
Conclusion Russia is home to different landscapes and ways of life, from the bustling city of Moscow to huge wild forests, from coal mining to ballet dancing.
俄罗斯拥有不同的地貌和生活方式,从繁忙的莫斯科城市到巨大的野生森林,从采煤到芭蕾舞。
The country’s many natural resources provide the basis for many jobs in the Russian economy.
国家的许多自然资源为俄罗斯经济的许多工作提供了基础。
It has had a long and often difficult history, going from a monarchy to a communist state to a free market economy in about a century.
它有着悠久而往往困难的历史,在大约一个世纪里从君主制国家到共产主义国家到自由市场经济.
Throughout these changes, Russians continue to enjoy their traditional celebrations and foods, and Russian culture continues to grow in its beautiful, wintry homeland.
在整个这些变化中,俄罗斯人继续享受他们传统的庆典和食物,俄罗斯文化继续在其美丽而温馨的家园中成长.
Modern skyscrapers glow at night in Moscow.
现代摩天大楼在莫斯科夜间发光.
Source: CIA World Factbook (2016) Population: 142,423,773 Land: 16,377,742 sq km (6,323,500 sq.
资料来源:中央情报局《世界概况》(2016年),人口:142 423 773人,土地:16 377 742平方公里(6 323 500平方公里)。
mi.)
(中文(简体) ).
Capital City: Moscow Primary Language: Russian Primary Religions: Russian Orthodox and Muslim Name of Currency: ruble Glossary communist (adj.)
首都:莫斯科 初级语言:俄罗斯 第一级宗教:俄罗斯正统和穆斯林货币名称:卢布词汇 共产主义 (adj.
of, relating to, or in support of a political system in which the government controls the economy and individuals are not allowed to own property (p.
涉及或支持政府控制经济的政治制度,个人不得拥有财产(p.
10) composers (n.)
10)作曲家 (n.
people who write music (p.
写作音乐的人(p.
7) culture (n.)
7) 文化 (n.
the ideas and customs of a certain group of people (p.
某些人群的思想和习俗(p.
14) czarinas (n.)
14)克萨里纳斯 (n.
female Russian rulers before the Russian Revolution in 1917; women married to czars (p.
1917年俄国革命前的女俄罗斯统治者;与沙皇结婚的妇女(p.
10) czars (n.)
活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活
male Russian rulers before the Russian Revolution in 1917 (p.
1917年俄国革命前的俄罗斯男性统治者(p.
10) ecosystems (n.)
10) 生态系统(n.)
communities of living things together with their habitat (p.
生物群落及其栖息地(p.
9) market economy (n.)
9) 市场经济 (n.
Muslim (adj.)
穆斯林(adj.)
of or relating to people who follow the religion of Islam (p.
信奉伊斯兰教的人或与其有关的人(p.
12) natural resources (n.)
自然资源(n.)