Marie Curie
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Trailblazer.
《目录》。
4 Early Years.
早年4岁.
5 Patience and Preparation.
5 耐心和准备。
6 Paris at Last.
6 巴黎终于。
7 Two Types of Rays.
7 二类雷.
8 Achievements and Recognition.
8 成就和表彰。
10 Dark Times and More Acclaim.
10"黑暗时报"与"更多赞美".
12 On the Battlefront.
战地前线12号
13 Later Life.
13"后生论".
14 Gifts to the World.
14"给世界的礼物".
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Trailblazer At a time when few women were scientists, one woman’s research and discoveries changed the world.
16辆拖车 在很少有妇女成为科学家的时候,一位妇女的研究和发现改变了世界。
She left her homeland to study science and math at a leading university.
她离开故乡去一所领先的大学学习科学和数学.
She followed her scientific interests even though the world seemed to block her way at every turn.
她跟随自己的科学兴趣,尽管世界似乎每回都挡住她的道路.
She became the first female Nobel Prize recipient and the only person ever awarded Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields.
她成为首位女性诺贝尔奖得主,也是唯一一位在两个不同的科学领域被授予诺贝尔奖的人.
This groundbreaking scientist was Marie Curie.
这个开创性的科学家是玛丽·居里.
Marie Curie’s laboratory was packed with scientific instruments, some of which were invented by her husband, Pierre, and his brother, Jacques.
Marie Curie的实验室装满了科学仪器,其中一些由她的丈夫皮埃尔和他的兄弟雅克发明.
Early Years Marie Curie was born Maria Sklodowska on November 7, 1867, in Warsaw, Poland.
早年玛丽·居里于1867年11月7日生于波兰华沙.
She was called Manya as a child.
她小时候被称为"玛尼亚".
Manya was the youngest of five children.
玛尼亚是五个孩子中最小的.
Their father taught math and physics at a boys’ high school.
他们的父亲在一所男生高中教数学和物理。
When Manya was born, Poland was not an independent country.
马尼亚出世后,波兰不是一个独立国家.
The area where Manya’s family lived was ruled by the Russian Empire, which tried to put an end to Polish patriotism.
马尼亚一家所居住的地区被俄罗斯帝国统治,俄罗斯帝国试图结束波兰的爱国主义.
Loyalty to Poland put people’s lives in danger.
对波兰的忠诚使人民的生命面临危险。
Manya’s father lost his job in 1873 because of his support for Polish independence.
玛尼亚的父亲于1873年因为支持波兰独立而失业.
In 1876, Manya’s oldest sister died.
1876年,玛尼亚最年长的妹妹去世.
Manya’s mother died two years later, when Manya was ten.
玛尼亚的母亲在两年后去世了,当时玛尼亚才十岁.
Manya was a bright, curious child and an outstanding student.
玛妮娅是一个明亮,好奇的孩子和杰出的学生.
She earned top honors when she graduated from high school at age fifteen in 1883.
1883年她15岁从高中毕业时获得了最高荣誉.
Hela, Joseph, and Bronya.
赫拉、约瑟夫和布罗尼亚
Patience and Preparation Manya and her sister Bronya wanted to continue their studies, but women could not attend the University of Warsaw.
耐心和准备玛尼亚和她的姐姐布罗尼亚想继续学业,但妇女无法入读华沙大学.
They would need to leave Poland but did not have enough money.
他们需要离开波兰,但没有足够的钱。
Instead, the sisters attended Warsaw’s “floating university”—free education offered in secret by Polish teachers.
相反,这些姐妹参加了波兰教师秘密提供的华沙 " 浮动大学 " 免费教育。
Although the classes were no match for the finest European universities, they kept Manya up-to-date on scientific breakthroughs.
虽然这些课程与最优秀的欧洲大学不相匹配,但他们让玛尼亚不断了解科学突破的最新情况.
Both sisters wanted to attend the Sorbonne in Paris, but they had no money for classes.
两位姐妹都想在巴黎参加索邦会,但他们没有钱上课.
They struck a deal: Manya would earn money for Bronya’s education, and Bronya would return the favor after earning her degree.
他们达成了一项协议:玛尼亚将为布罗尼亚的教育赚钱,而布罗尼亚在获得学位后会报答她。
Manya worked as a tutor and governess for five years.
玛尼亚担任了5年的辅导和家庭教师.
In her free time, she studied literature, sociology, physics, chemistry, and math.
在她的自由时间里,她学习了文学,社会学,物理,化学,和数学.
Through this work, she knew that math and physics were the right path for her.
通过这部作品,她知道数学和物理学是她正确的道路.
After helping her sister pay for her schooling, it was Manya’s turn to attend.
在帮助妹妹支付学费后,玛妮娅轮到她上学了。
The Sorbonne was, and still is, one of the finest universities in the world.
索邦大学过去是,现在仍然是世界上最好的大学之一。
Paris at Last Manya moved to Paris in 1891 and enrolled at the Sorbonne.
1891年"最后的玛尼亚"(Last Manya)的巴黎搬到了巴黎,并入住索邦.
She took the name Marie —the French version of Maria—at that time.
当时她取了玛丽这个名字——法语版的玛丽亚.
Two years later, she graduated first in her class with a master’s degree in physics.
两年后,她以物理硕士学位从她的班上第一个毕业.
The following year, she earned a second master’s, in math.
次年,她获得了第二名数学硕士。
Before completing her math degree, Marie received a commission to study the magnetic properties of steel.
在完成数学学位之前,玛丽获得了研究钢铁磁性能的委托.
She needed a laboratory for her research.
她需要实验室来研究
In early 1894, another scientist introduced her to Pierre Curie, a physics professor who had done groundbreaking research on magnetism.
1894年初,另一位科学家将她介绍给曾对磁学进行开创性研究的物理学教授皮埃尔·居里.
Pierre arranged for Marie to use some lab space where he worked.
Pierre安排Marie使用他工作过的一些实验室空间.
Over time, Marie and Pierre’s relationship deepened into love.
随着时间的推移,玛丽和皮尔的关系加深了爱情.
They married in July 1895 and had a daughter, Irene, two years later.
他们于1895年7月结婚并育有女儿艾琳,两年后出嫁.
Marie continued to be dedicated to her work.
玛丽继续致力于她的工作.
After completing her research, she decided to pursue a doctorate at the Sorbonne.
在完成她的研究后,她决定在索邦号攻读博士学位.
Pierre Curie and Marie Sklodowska Curie as they appeared soon after they married.
皮埃尔·居里和玛丽·斯克洛多夫斯卡 他们结婚后不久就出现了
Two Types of Rays Marie needed a topic for her doctoral research.
Rays Marie的两种类型 她的博士研究需要一个话题
Two important discoveries had recently been made in the world of physics.
最近在物理学界发现了两个重要的发现。
In late 1895, Wilhelm Roentgen, a German physicist, discovered X-rays.
1895年末,德国物理学家威廉·鲁根(Wilhelm Roentgen)发现了X射线.
Early the following year, French physicist Henri Becquerel discovered that the chemical element uranium emitted weaker rays.
次年年初,法国物理学家亨利·贝克勒(Henri Becquerel)发现化学元素铀释放出更弱的射线.
Marie decided to study uranium rays.
玛丽决定研究铀射线.
Marie wanted to study the effect of uranium rays on air.
玛丽想研究铀射线对空气的影响.
Using a device known as an electrometer, she measured barely noticeable electric currents in air that had been blasted with uranium rays.
她使用一种被称为电量计的装置,测量出空气中被铀射线所爆炸的微弱电流。
Marie verified Becquerel’s observations that uranium in any form emitted electricity and that more uranium emitted more intense rays.
玛丽核实 Becquerel认为任何形式的铀都排放了电力,
In addition, she proposed—and later proved—that the rays were a property of uranium’s structure.
此外,她提出——后来又证明——这些射线是铀结构的一部分。
They were not a product of its physical or chemical state.
它们不是其物理或化学状态的产物。
Marie then wondered whether uranium was the only element that made air conduct electricity better.
然后,Marie想知道铀是否是唯一能改善空气电能的因素。
She tested every known element and discovered that thorium also emitted rays.
她测试了所有已知的元素,发现 也释放出射线.
She coined the word radioactivity to refer to the emission of rays from an atom’s nucleus, or center.
她用放射性一词来形容原子核或原子中心的射线。
Marie continued to test various materials to see which ones emitted rays.
Marie继续测试各种材料,以了解哪些材料发射出射线。
When she tested a mineral called pitchblende, which contains uranium, she found that it gave off more rays than its uranium could account for.
当她测试一种叫做"pitchblende"的矿物时,它含有铀,她发现它释放出比其铀所能说明的更多的射线.
She concluded that pitchblende must contain a second radioactive element—one that was unknown to the scientific community.
她的结论是,抛出物必须含有第二个放射性元素,科学界对此一无所知。
Up to this point, Pierre Curie had been involved in his own research.
至此,皮埃尔·居里参与了自己的研究.
In 1898, as Marie’s work progressed, he set aside his research to help her.
1898年,随着玛丽的工作进展,他搁置了自己的研究来帮助她.
The search for a new element fascinated both of them.
寻找新元素令两人着迷.
After a great deal of research, they discovered two new elements: polonium (named for Marie’s homeland) and radium (from the Latin word for “ray”).
经过大量研究,他们发现了两个新元素:波罗尼姆(为玛丽的故乡取名)和 (从拉丁文"ray"中取出).
In addition, Pierre demonstrated that radium’s radioactivity could harm living flesh.
此外,皮埃尔还证明,radi的放射性会伤害活体.
His discovery opened the doors to treatments for cancer and other illnesses.
他的发现为治疗癌症和其他疾病打开了大门。
The Birth of Atomic Physics Marie’s discovery about rays being a property of uranium’s atomic structure sparked a far-reaching shift in scientific understanding that became the foundation of atomic physics.
原子物理学的诞生 玛丽发现射线是铀原子结构的属性,这引发了科学理解的深远转变,成为了原子物理学的基础.
Scientists at the time thought that atoms could not be broken down into smaller units.
当时的科学家认为原子不能被分解成更小的单位.
Someone else discovered electrons at about the same time, but it was Marie who discovered that atoms store an immense amount of energy.
其他人在大约同一时间发现了电子,但正是玛丽发现原子储存了巨大的能量.
Achievements and Recognition Marie earned her Doctor of Science in June 1903.
1903年6月成就和表彰玛丽获得了她的科学博士学位.
She was the first woman in France to be awarded a doctorate.
她是法国第一位获得博士学位的女性.
She was also the first woman in all of Europe to be awarded a doctorate in science.
她也是全欧洲第一位获理学博士学位的女性.
Despite Marie’s leading role in the groundbreaking physics research she and Pierre conducted, she was almost ignored for the Nobel Prize, one of the world’s most respected awards, because she was a woman.
尽管玛丽在她和皮尔进行的开创性的物理研究中发挥了主导作用,但由于她是一个女性,诺贝尔奖几乎被忽略了,诺贝尔奖是世界上最受人尊敬的奖项之一.
At first, only Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel were nominated for the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics.
起初只有皮埃尔·居里和亨利·贝克勒被提名为1903年诺贝尔物理学奖.
A mathematician on the committee who was a champion of female scientists let Pierre know.
一位委员会中的数学家 一个女科学家的冠军 让皮埃尔知道
Pierre responded that it would be a terrible injustice for Marie not to be included.
Pierre回应道,不把Marie包括在内将是一种可怕的不公正.
Health Concerns Marie and Pierre were often ill while doing their research.
Marie和Pierre在进行研究时经常生病。
It wasn’t clear whether the cause was working too hard or radiation.
并不清楚原因是否过于努力,
Marie did not accept the idea that radiation was to blame, but today we know that exposure to radiation can cause illness and death.
玛丽没有接受辐射是罪魁祸首的想法,但今天我们知道受辐射会引发疾病和死亡.
Marie’s name was then added to the list of nominees.
玛丽的名字后来被添加到被提名人名单中.
She and Pierre won together, along with Becquerel, in December 1903.
她和皮埃尔在1903年12月一同取胜,与贝克奎尔一起取胜.
The award, which recognized their pioneering work on radiation, was the first Nobel Prize awarded to a woman.
该奖表彰了他们在辐射方面的开创性工作,是第一个被授予女性的诺贝尔奖.
The Curies instantly became famous around the world.
库里人随即在世界各地出名.
Pierre received a promotion to professor at the Sorbonne, and Marie received a salary and became chief of laboratory.
皮尔被晋升为索邦大学教授,玛丽得到薪水并出任实验室主任.
She was excited by the attention and new responsibilities.
她对关注和新的责任感到兴奋。
In addition to her research and a teaching position, she enjoyed explaining her discoveries to the public.
她除了研究并担任教职外,还喜欢向公众解释自己的发现.
The Curies had a second daughter, Eve, in 1904.
1904年库里人有第二个女儿夏娃.
Around the same time, the Sorbonne gave the Curies a new laboratory to work in.
大约在同一时间,索邦号给了库里斯一家新的实验室来工作.
Marie and Pierre worked closely together for many years.
玛丽和皮埃尔多年来密切合作.
Dark Times and More Acclaim The Curies were riding high on their successes when tragedy struck.
黑暗时刻和更多赞誉 当悲剧降临时,库里人正在追求成功。
In 1906, Pierre was run over by a horse-drawn wagon and killed instantly.
1906年,皮尔被一匹被拖马车撞倒并当场被炸死.
News of his death spread around the world.
他的死讯传遍了全世界.
Marie was completely numb with shock but eventually found the will to go on.
Marie被惊吓完全麻木了 但最终找到了继续的意志
She was offered Pierre’s teaching position as Professor of General Physics at the Sorbonne.
她获得了皮埃尔作为索邦大学一般物理学教授的教学职位.
She was the first woman to become a Sorbonne professor.
她是第一个成为索邦教授的女性.
Marie was awarded a second Nobel Prize, this time in chemistry, in 1911.
玛丽于1911年被授予了第二个诺贝尔奖,这次是化学奖.
She won the award for her work in radioactivity and her discovery of radium and polonium.
她因在放射学和发现 和 p而获奖.
Marie was the first scientist to be awarded two Nobel Prizes.
玛丽是第一位获得两个诺贝尔奖的科学家.
To this day, she is the only person to be awarded prizes in two different areas of science.
至今,她是唯一在两个不同的科学领域被授予奖项的人.
The Curies finally moved to a laboratory with more space in 1904.
库里人最终于1904年迁入了空间较多的实验室.
On the Battlefront World War I broke out in late July 1914, and Germany invaded France just a few days later.
1914年7月下旬爆发一战(Battlefront World War I),德国就在几天后入侵了法国.
Most of Marie’s staff left to fight in the war, and resources for scientific research were lacking.
玛丽的大部分工作人员都留在战争中作战,科研资源也缺乏.
Marie looked for ways to put her science to work to help the war effort.
玛丽想方设法让科学发挥作用,以帮助战争努力.
She made portable X-ray machines available in the field for treating wounded soldiers.
她在实地提供了便携式X光机,用于治疗受伤士兵。
Throwing herself into her new project, Marie convinced wealthy people to donate their cars.
投身于她的新项目中,玛丽说服了富人捐出他们的汽车.
She set up twenty mobile X-ray stations and two hundred fixed stations.
她设立了20个移动X光站和200个固定站.
She also learned how to use X-ray equipment and taught herself to drive so she could operate the portable X-ray machines herself.
她还学习了如何使用X光设备,并自学驾驶,以便自己操作便携式X光机.
November 7 1883 Graduates high school 1891 Moves to Paris 1893 Earns master’s degree in physics 1894 Earns master’s degree in math 1895 Marries Pierre Curie 1897 Studies Becquerel rays; daughter Irene is born 1898 Discovers polonium and radium 1903 Earns doctorate in physics; awarded Nobel Prize in Physics 1904 Daughter Eve is born 1906 Pierre dies; becomes Sorbonne’s first female professor 1911 Awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914 Uses portable X-ray machines in World War I 1918 World War I ends; opens Radium Institute 1934 Dies on July 4 Timeline of Marie Curie’s Life Later Life After World War I ended, Marie worked tirelessly and successfully to turn the Sorbonne’s Radium Institute into a world-class center for research on radioactivity.
1883年11月7日 高中毕业 1891年 搬到巴黎 1893年 1894年 1894年 1894年 1895年 玛丽·皮埃尔·居里 1897年 数学硕士学位 贝克奎雷尔射线研究 1898年 女儿艾琳生于1898年 发现波罗蜜和1903年 1903年 物理学博士学位 1904年 女儿夏娃生于皮埃尔逝世 成为索邦第一位女教授 1911年 诺贝尔化学奖 1914年 第一次世界大战中 便携式X射线机在一战中被授予 1918年 结束 ; 在一战结束后玛丽·居里后期的7月4日 开放了1934年 拉德姆研究所 Dies,玛丽不懈地工作,成功地将索邦的放射性研究所转变为一个世界级的放射性研究中心.
Marie’s daughter Irene and her husband were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935.
玛丽的女儿艾琳和丈夫于1935年被授予诺贝尔化学奖.
Sadly, Marie didn’t live long enough to celebrate that achievement.
可惜玛丽活得不够长,
We now know that radioactive substances are very dangerous, but that was not known during Marie’s life.
我们现在知道放射性物质非常危险,但玛丽一生中并不知道这一点。
She died at age sixty- six on July 4, 1934, from a type of anemia that is often caused by long-term radiation exposure.
1934年7月4日她以60-6岁之多去世,死於一种常由长期受辐射照射而引发的贫血.
Marie was buried next to Pierre.
玛丽被埋葬在皮埃尔旁边.
In 1995, their remains were moved to the Panthéon in Paris, where France’s most brilliant citizens are buried.
1995年,他们的遗体被移到巴黎的潘特翁,法国最有才华的公民被埋葬.
Marie was the first and only woman to be buried there for her own achievements.
玛丽是第一个也是唯一因为自己的成就被埋葬在那里的女人.
Marie Curie (center) traveled by ship to New York to tour the United States with her daughters Irene and Eve in 1921.
玛丽·居里(英语:Marie Curie (center))于1921年乘船前往纽约,与她的女儿艾琳和夏娃一起出游美国.
Gifts to the World Marie Curie’s work caused a revolution in scientific understanding about the nature of atoms and opened up new frontiers in medicine.
给世界玛丽·居里(Marie Curie)作品的礼物在科学认识原子的性质方面引起了革命,并开辟了医学的新领域。
It also led to the discovery of radiocarbon dating, a way to determine the age of ancient life forms.
这也导致了放射性碳约会的发现,这是确定古代生命形式年代的方法.
Marie showed that careful, purposeful scientific investigation can yield extraordinary breakthroughs.
玛丽表明,认真,有目的的科学调查可以产生出非凡的突破.
As amazing as Marie Curie’s scientific contributions were, her legacy went beyond them.
尽管玛丽·居里的科学贡献是惊人的,她的遗产却超越了它们.
Even as she faced one obstacle after another, she stayed clear about her purpose and gave the world an inspiring model.
即使她面对一个接一个的障碍,她仍然对自己的目的保持清醒,给世界一个鼓舞人心的模型.
In her words: “Life is not easy for any of us.
用她的话来说:“生命对我们任何人都不容易。
But what of that?
那又怎样?
We must have perseverance and above all confidence in ourselves.
我们必须坚持不懈,首先是对自己有信心。
We must believe that we are gifted for something and that this thing must be attained.”
我们必须相信,我们是有天赋的,必须实现这一点。 “