Cesar Chavez
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 A Humble Beginning.
4个Humble开始。
5 Big Changes.
5大变化.
6 Tough Times.
六难时报.
8 The Beginning of Activism.
8 行动主义的起步。
11 Si Se Puede: The Birth of a Union.
11 西世培德:一个联盟的诞生.
14 Huelga!
14个韦尔加!
The Delano Grape Strike.
德拉诺葡萄大罢工.
18 Just the Beginning.
18 刚刚开始。
22 Cesar’s Legacy.
22 Cesar的遗产。
24 Explore More.
24 探索更多。
25 Glossary.
25 词汇表。
26 Introduction Cesar Chavez was one of the most famous labor leaders in the world.
Cesar Chavez是世界上最有名的劳工领袖之一。
Today, more than a decade after his death, he continues to be one of the most revered and best-loved Hispanic figures in the history of the United States.
今天,在他去世十多年后,他仍然是美国历史上最受尊敬和最受爱戴的西班牙裔人物之一.
He was a poor farm worker with little formal education, but against great odds he founded and successfully organized a labor union for farm workers.
他是一个贫苦的农场工人,没有受过多少正规教育,但是在很大的困难中,他建立并成功地为农场工人组织了工会.
A union is a group of workers who gather their power together to fight against low wages and dangerous working conditions.
工会是一群工人,他们集中力量打击低工资和危险工作条件.
Cesar was absolutely dedicated to nonviolence and used many creative tactics in his organizing, such as boycotts, fasts, marches, and civil disobedience.
塞萨尔全心全意地致力于非暴力,在组织上运用了多种创造性的战术,如抵制,斋戒,游行,以及非暴力反抗等.
Although he worked tirelessly to improve wages and working conditions for farm workers, Cesar never earned more than $6,000 per year.
虽然他不懈地努力改善农场工人的工资和工作条件,但塞萨尔每年的收入从未超过6000美元.
Through his example of fighting courageously for the dignity of all people, he inspired millions of Americans to work for social justice for poor people around the world.
通过他勇敢地为所有人的尊严而斗争的榜样,他激励了数百万美国人为全世界穷人的社会正义而努力.
He was a humble and spiritual man who dedicated his life to helping others.
他是一个谦卑而有精神的人,毕生致力于帮助他人.
He was a true American hero.
他是真正的美国英雄
This is his story.
这是他的故事。
A Humble Beginning Cesar Estrada Chavez was born on March 31, 1927, near Yuma, Arizona.
一个Humble Bartin Cesar Estrada Chavez于1927年3月31日生于亚利桑那州尤马附近.
When Cesar was five years old, his family moved to a small farm that had belonged to his grandfather.
塞萨尔5岁时,他的家人搬到了曾经属于他祖父的小农场.
Cesar’s memories of the farm were filled with the love of his family and the security of being part of a stable community.
Cesar对农场的记忆充满了家人的爱和成为稳定社区一部分的安全。
He and his younger brother Richard were inseparable, and although they had to do chores around the farm, they also had time to play and explore the Arizona landscape.
他和弟弟理查是不可分割的,虽然他们不得不在农场周围做杂活,但他们也有时间去玩和探索亚利桑那州的地貌.
Cesar loved reading and learning, but his early experiences with school were not positive.
塞萨尔喜欢阅读和学习,但他在学校的早期经历并不积极.
Cesar’s family spoke only Spanish at home, but at school Cesar was punished with a smack of a ruler across his knuckles if he used his native language.
Cesar的家人在家里只说西班牙语,
At school, he was discriminated against for being Mexican-American and was hurt and angry at being treated like a second- class citizen.
在学校,他因为是墨西哥裔美国人而受到歧视,并因被当成二等公民对待而受了伤害和愤怒.
Cesar’s mother, Juana, a devout Catholic, was a firm believer in nonviolence.
Cesar的母亲Juana是一位虔诚的天主教徒,他坚信非暴力。
She insisted that Cesar never react violently to the injustice he witnessed and experienced.
她坚持认为,塞萨尔绝不对他目睹和经历的不公正行为作出暴力反应。
Big Changes Life for the Chavez family changed abruptly in 1937.
Chavez家族的巨变生活在1937年突然改变.
Through a series of bad deals by one of their neighbors, the Chavez family lost their farm.
通过一个邻居的一系列不善交易,查韦斯家族失去了他们的农场.
They joined the many other poor families who traveled west during the Great Depression, looking for jobs as migrant farm workers.
他们加入了在大萧条期间西出行的许多其他贫穷家庭,寻找移民农场工人的工作.
Life on the road was very different from life on their farm in Arizona.
路上的生活与他们在亚利桑那州的农场的生活大相径庭.
Most farms in California were owned by corporations or wealthy growers who wanted cheap labor in order to keep profits high.
加利福尼亚州大多数农场都由公司或富裕的种植者所有,他们想要廉价劳动力来维持高利润.
They provided camps for the workers to live in.
他们为工人提供营地。
Many families crowded into tiny shacks, while others lived in tents along riverbanks or under bridges.
许多家庭挤入了小棚屋,而其他家庭则住在沿河岸或桥梁下方的帐篷中.
Growers often provided poor housing.
种植者往往提供贫穷的住房。
Besides being hard work for low pay, farm labor was also dangerous.
除了为低薪而辛勤工作外,农业劳动也是危险的。
Farm machine accidents and exposure to insect- and weed-killing chemicals resulted in injury, illness, and even death.
农用机器事故和接触杀虫和杀草化学品,造成伤害、疾病甚至死亡。
Basic necessities, such as toilets and fresh water, often were not provided.
诸如厕所和淡水等基本必需品往往得不到供应。
With so many people looking for work, it was difficult to find jobs, and money was scarce.
如此多的人在寻找工作,很难找到工作,而且资金匮乏。
Even though the farm workers harvested tons of fruit and vegetables, many did not earn enough to buy food for themselves.
尽管农场工人收获了一吨水果和蔬菜,但许多人的收入不足以为自己购买粮食。
Although the Chavez family was also struggling, Cesar’s mother often shared their food with others who were less fortunate.
虽然Chavez家族也在挣扎,但Cesar的母亲经常与不太幸运的其他人分享食物.
Cesar didn’t understand this—why would his mother give away the little food they had worked so hard to get?
Cesar不理解这一点, 为什么他母亲会送走他们辛辛苦苦得到的小食物?
But Juana always insisted that service to others was more important than satisfying one’s own needs.
但胡安娜一直坚持认为,为他人服务比满足自己的需要更重要。
Tough Times For several years, the Chavez family moved around California, finding work wherever they could.
艰难时刻 几年来,查韦斯家族在加州一带迁徙,到处找工作.
By the time Cesar graduated from the eighth grade, he had gone to more than 30 schools.
到了塞萨尔从八年级毕业时,他已经去了30多所学校.
He was often teased because he didn’t have decent clothes or shoes and because he spoke English with an accent.
他经常被取笑,因为他没有正经的衣服或鞋子,而且他用口音说英语。
Cesar and his siblings did odd jobs after school and worked in the fields with their parents on weekends and during the summer.
Cesar和他的兄弟姐妹们放学后做了一些零活,周末和夏天与父母一起在田地里工作.
Working in the fields was drudgery.
务农是劳作。
Cesar hated that his family had to work for someone else, rather than for themselves.
塞萨尔讨厌他的家人不得不为别人工作,而不是为自己工作.
He felt closed in by the crowded barrios and labor camps, and he painfully missed the freedom of the family farm.
他感到被拥挤的巴里奥斯和劳改营所封闭,他痛苦地错过了家庭农场的自由.
Cesar’s graduation from the eighth grade in the early 1940s Harvesting crops was backbreaking labor.
Cesar在20世纪40年代早期从八年级毕业,收获作物是令人反感的劳动力。
But the worst part about being a migrant worker was the fact that workers were often cheated out of their already meager pay.
但作为移徙工人最糟糕的一面是,工人往往被骗出本已微薄的工资。
Labor contractors promised work when there was none, or kept workers’ wages until they completed a dangerous job.
劳工承包商承诺在没有工作时工作,或在工人完成危险工作之前保留工资。
One time, the whole family worked at a vineyard for seven weeks, seven days a week.
有一次,全家在一个葡萄园工作了7周,每周7天.
At the end of the harvest, they found that the contractor had left without paying them, and there was nothing they could do.
在收成结束时,他们发现承包商没有向他们付款就离开了,他们无能为力。
Many times, the whole family walked away from jobs when they felt they were being treated u nfairly.
许多次,全家都离开工作,当他们感到受到不公平的待遇时。
Dignity was more important than the money they would earn.
尊严比他们挣的钱更重要。
At age 15, Cesar left school and worked in the fields full time to help support his family.
15岁时,Cesar离开学校,全职在田地工作,帮助养活他的家人.
Two years later, during World War II, he joined the U.
两年后 二战期间,他加入了U.
S.
师曰.
Navy, hoping to get away from the life of a migrant worker.
海军,希望远离一个农民工的生活.
Even though he never fought in combat, he didn’t enjoy the military, and he returned to California when his tour of duty ended.
虽然他从未参加过战斗,但他并不享受军事,在服役期满后他回到了加利福尼亚.
He married Helen Fabela, and they had eight children.
他与海伦·法贝拉结婚,两人育有8个子女.
They dreamed of sending their children to college so they might have an easier life than Cesar had.
他们梦想把孩子送上大学 这样他们的生活可能比塞萨尔要轻松
The family moved to San Jose, California, to be closer to Cesar’s brother Richard, settling into a barrio known as Sal Si Puedes—“get out if you can.”
一家人搬到了加利福尼亚州的圣何塞,与Cesar的哥哥Richard更相近,定居在一个被称为Sal Si Puedes的酒吧里——“如果你能出去的话。 “
The Beginning of Activism In Sal Si Puedes, Cesar often drove Father Donald Mc Donnell, a Catholic priest, to and from the labor camps to say Mass for the workers.
在萨尔·西·普德斯(Sal Si Peedes)的"行动主义起步"中,塞萨尔经常将天主教神父唐纳德·麦克·多内尔(Donald Mc Donnell)神父赶去劳改营,为工人说弥撒.
On their long drives, they would talk about farm workers.
长途跋涉时,他们会谈论农场工人。
While Cesar knew a lot about the actual work, he knew very little about the economics behind labor, which Father Mc Donnell explained.
虽然塞萨尔对实际工作很了解,但他对劳动背后的经济学却知之甚少,麦克·多内尔神父对此作了解释.
Father Mc Donnell also gave Cesar many books on social injustice, including a biography of Mohandas K.
父亲麦克多内尔还给塞萨尔许多关于社会不公正的书籍,包括莫罕达斯·克的传记.
Gandhi.
甘地(英语:Gandhi).
Gandhi led the nation of India to independence from British colonial rule entirely through nonviolent means.
甘地带领印度民族完全通过非暴力手段脱离了英国殖民统治而独立.
He organized millions of Indians into a peaceful yet powerful economic and political force.
他组织数百万印第安人组成了一支和平而强大的经济和政治力量.
What stood out to Cesar was the fact that, rather than giving orders, Gandhi led by example, staging protests, hunger strikes, and civil disobedience.
Cesar认为,甘地没有发出命令,而是以身作则,进行抗议、绝食和非暴力反抗。
Eventually, Cesar heard of a group called the Community Service Organization (CSO).
最终,Cesar听说了一个名为社区服务组织(CSO)的团体.
The CSO worked in urban areas in California, helping poor people register to vote, get access to health care, and fight police brutality and racial discrimination.
民间社会组织在加利福尼亚的城市地区开展工作,帮助穷人登记投票,获得医疗保健,并打击警察的暴行和种族歧视。
Cesar met a man named Fred Ross and accompanied him to CSO meetings.
塞萨尔遇到了一个叫弗雷德·罗斯的人并陪同他参加了民间组织的会议.
He watched the way Fred helped people through grass-roots organizing.
他观察了弗雷德通过基层组织帮助人们的方式.
Fred was a great motivator who inspired people to stand up for themselves.
弗雷德是一个伟大的推动者,他激励人们为自己而站立.
Before long, Cesar was working for the CSO full time, and after ten years he rose to become its national director.
不久后,塞萨尔全职为CSO工作,十年后他升为国家主任.
Cesar and Fred Ross march as part of a boycott in 1982.
塞萨尔和弗雷德·罗斯作为1982年抵制的一部分游行.
But Cesar wanted to do more.
但塞萨尔想做更多
He proposed that the CSO organize a labor union for farm workers.
他建议民间社会组织为农场工人组织工会。
The idea was supported by Dolores Huerta, another young activist.
这个想法得到了另一位年轻活动家多洛雷斯·韦尔塔的支持.
The CSO was opposed to the idea; they thought unions were controversial and dangerous.
公民社会组织反对这一想法;他们认为工会是有争议的和危险的。
When the proposal came up for a vote, it was defeated.
提案提出表决时被否决.
After the vote, Cesar stood up and announced that he was resigning as national director.
投票后,塞萨尔站起身来,宣布辞去国家导演职务.
Two weeks later, on his 35th birthday, Cesar left the CSO in order to start a union for farm workers.
两周后,在他35岁生日的时候,塞萨尔为了开始一个农场工人的工会而离开了CSO.
Si Se Puede: The Birth of a Union A labor union is a group of workers who organize together, pooling their money and power.
西世培德:一个工会A工会的诞生是一群工人,他们一起组织起来,集中他们的金钱和权力.
Unions are much stronger than individual workers, and as a group, unionized workers can demand certain rights and benefits.
工会比个别工人强得多,作为一个群体,工会工人可以要求某些权利和福利.
If a union is dissatisfied with a job, it can go on strike, refusing to work and shutting down an industry until its demands are met.
如果工会对某项工作不满,它可以进行罢工,拒绝工作并关闭某一行业直至其要求得到满足.
Many factories, mills, mines, and docks had been unionized by the 1930s, resulting in higher wages, safer working conditions, and other benefits, such as medical insurance.
许多工厂,磨坊,矿山,码头在1930年代就已经联合起来,导致工资提高,工作条件更安全,以及医疗保险等其他福利.
But many people considered organizing a labor union for farm workers to be impossible.
但许多人认为,为农场工人组织工会是不可能的.
Farm workers moved around following the crops, not staying in one place long enough to plan action.
农场工人在作物种植后四处移动,没有在一个地方停留足够长的时间来规划行动.
Also, they were often recent immigrants who did not speak English well and were afraid to make trouble for themselves.
而且,他们常常是说英语不通的最近移民,害怕为自己制造麻烦。
Finally, unlike industrial workers, farm workers had no laws protecting them from being fired if they tried to organize.
最后,与工业工人不同的是,农场工人没有法律保护他们在试图组织起来时不被解雇。
For farm workers who lived in labor camps, being fired meant not only losing their jobs, but also losing their homes.
对于生活在劳改营的农场工人来说,被解雇不仅意味着失去工作,而且意味着失去家园。
Cesar knew a union could make big improvements in the lives of farm workers, and he believed that, even though others had failed, Si Se Puede—“it could be done.”
Cesar知道一个工会可以大大地改善农场工人的生活,他认为,尽管其他人失败了,但Si Se Puede——“这是可以做到的。 “
Dolores Huerta speaks to a United Farm Workers gathering in 1969.
Dolores Huerta在1969年的农场工人联合集会上讲话。
Cesar and Helen moved to Helen’s hometown of Delano, California, where her family could help care for the children.
Cesar和Helen搬到了Helen的家乡加利福尼亚州的Delano,在那里她的家人可以帮助照顾孩子.
Helen’s support of Cesar’s work and goals was crucial to Cesar, since he would not have an income.
海伦支持塞萨尔的工作和目标对塞萨尔至关重要,因为他没有收入。
Cesar began driving up and down the fertile San Joaquin Valley in an old beat-up station wagon.
塞萨尔开着一辆老旧的被打倒的车厢 上下行驶着肥沃的圣华金谷
He met with farm workers in their homes and talked with them about their problems.
他在家中会见了农场工人,与他们讨论了他们的问题。
His plan was to build the union slowly, one worker at a time.
他的计划是慢慢地建立工会,一次一个工人.
He felt very strongly that the union must belong to the workers, not to outside organizers.
他强烈认为,工会必须属于工人,而不是外部组织者。
Cesar, Helen, and six of their eight children in the late 1960s in Delano, California.
塞萨尔,海伦,以及他们8个孩子中的6个在1960年代末在加利福尼亚州的德拉诺.
Top row (left to right): Ana, Eloise, Sylvia, Helen, Cesar; bottom row (left to right): Paul, Elizabeth, Anthony.
上行 (左向右):安娜,埃洛伊斯,西尔维亚,海伦,塞萨尔;下行 (左向右): 保罗,伊丽莎白,安东尼。
Not pictured: Fernando and Linda.
费尔南多和琳达。
These photos show two situations the United Farm Workers fought against: child labor (left) and the short-handled hoe (below).
这些照片显示了联合农场工人反对的两种情况:童工(左)和短手的蹄(下方)。
The short- handled hoe forced farm workers to bend and stoop all day long.
短柄蹄铁迫使农场工人一日一日地弯腰倒地.
Working in this position often led to severe pain and lifelong back injuries.
担任这一职务往往导致剧烈疼痛和终生后伤.
The short-handled hoe was banned from use in California in 1975.
1975年被加州禁用短手取取取的蹄.
Cesar was small and soft-spoken, but he was very persuasive.
塞萨尔虽然小而柔和,但很有说服力.
Soon others, like Dolores Huerta from the CSO, joined his efforts, although none of them, including Cesar, were paid.
很快,其他人,如民间社会组织的多洛雷斯·韦尔塔,也加入了他的努力,尽管包括塞萨尔在内的所有人都没有获得报酬.
Many times, Cesar didn’t know how they would buy gas or food, but somehow things worked out.
很多时候, Cesar不知道如何购买汽油或食物,
Often, the farm workers fed Cesar and the other organizers when they came to their homes.
农场工人常常在Cesar和其他组织者回家时向他们提供食物。
Huelga!
韦尔加!
The Delano Grape Strike In 1965, a group of Filipino farm workers went on strike against the Delano-area grape growers.
德拉诺葡萄大罢工 1965年,一群菲律宾农场工人对德拉诺地区的葡萄种植者进行了罢工.
They were asking for a pay raise to $1.
他们要求加薪到一美元。
40 an hour.
40个小时
Cesar had hoped for another two or three years of organizing before calling a big strike, but he knew he had to support the Filipino strikers.
塞萨尔原本希望在召集大罢工之前再组织两三年,但他知道他必须支持菲律宾罢工者.
One week later, 1,200 member families of Cesar’s National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) voted to join the strike.
一周后,塞萨尔国家农场工人协会(NFWA)的1200个成员家庭投票决定加入罢工.
All of the laborers stopped working, even though there was only $82 in the union treasury to support them.
所有工人都停止了工作,尽管工会国库中只有82美元支持他们.
Cesar speaking to farm workers Cesar stands with the National Farm Workers Association, carrying signs supporting the huelga, or strike.
Cesar与农场工人交谈 Cesar 站在全国农场工人协会一边,手持支持Huelga的标志,或罢工。
Workers set up picket lines in the fields, proudly waving their homemade union flags, which were red with a black eagle in the center.
工人在田地上设置了纠察线,骄傲地挥舞了他们自制的工会旗帜,中间有一只黑鹰的旗帜是红色.
Support for the strike was strong, but Cesar knew it would be a tense situation.
对罢工的支持是强有力的,但塞萨尔知道这将是紧张的局势.
Right from the start, he insisted that the union members never use violence.
他从一开始就坚持工会成员绝不使用暴力。
Cesar also understood that in order for the strike to succeed, it was important to get support from outside the Delano area.
塞萨尔还明白,为了使罢工成功,必须获得德拉诺地区以外的支持.
Strikers and their families went to cities all across North America, telling people about the working conditions of the grape pickers and asking them not to buy grapes.
罢工者及其家人去北美各地的城市,向人们讲述了摘取葡萄者的工作条件,要求他们不要购买葡萄.
The boycott would take business away from the growers until they were willing to sign a union contract.
抵制会夺走种植者的生意,直到他们愿意签署工会合同.
During the long struggle, Cesar worked tirelessly, and like Gandhi, he led by example.
在漫长的斗争中,塞萨尔不懈地工作,同甘地一样,他以身作则.
His deep religious faith helped him through many tough times.
他深厚的宗教信仰帮助他度过了许多艰难时期.
Angry grape growers made threats on Cesar’s life.
愤怒的葡萄种植者对塞萨尔的生命构成威胁。
He also faced challenges from within the union.
他还面临着工会内部的挑战。
At one point, some of the farm workers became discouraged and wanted to resort to violence.
有些农场工人一度感到沮丧并想诉诸暴力。
If the grape growers wouldn’t listen and the police kept trying to break up the picket lines, why shouldn’t the workers fight back?
如果葡萄种植者不听话,
Farm workers marching in 1966 Cesar worked extremely long hours during the strike.
1966年游行的农民工在罢工期间工作了很长的时间。
He is pictured here at one of the union offices in 1965.
他在1965年的一个工会办公室里被描绘出来。
Cesar had to make the workers stop and think about what they were suggesting.
Cesar不得不让工人停下来 想想他们的建议
He went on a water-only fast that lasted 25 days.
他开着只喝水的快车,持续了25天。
Those who still wanted to use violence would have to face the consequences of allowing Cesar to starve.
那些仍然想使用暴力的人必须面对让Cesar挨饿的后果.
The fast had a tremendous impact.
斋戒产生了巨大的影响.
People worried that Cesar would damage his health, but when they saw him making such a huge sacrifice, it made them think about what they were doing.
人们担心塞萨尔会损害他的健康,但当他们看到他做出如此巨大的牺牲时,这让他们想到自己在做什么.
Cesar’s fast re-energized the farm workers and put an end to the talk of violence.
Cesar迅速给农场工人注入了新的活力,结束了暴力的言论.
Just the Beginning Support for the boycott continued, and after five long years, the Delano grape growers agreed to the union’s demands.
持续了五年, 德拉诺葡萄种植者同意工会的要求。
Against all odds, Cesar’s efforts had succeeded.
Cesar的努力取得了成功。
As sweet as it was, this was only the beginning.
虽然如此甜蜜,这只是开始。
For Cesar, working to improve the lives of farm workers was a lifelong endeavor.
对Cesar来说,努力改善农场工人的生活是一生的努力。
As he often said, “The rich have money, but the poor have time.”
他经常说:“富人有钱,而穷人有时间。 “
For the rest of his life, Cesar continued to work on behalf of farm workers.
塞萨尔的余生继续代表农场工人工作.
In 1972, Cesar’s union chose a new name: The United Farm Workers of America (UFW).
1972年,塞萨尔的工会选择了一个新的名称:美国联合农场工人(UFW).
Membership grew to 80,000, and the union expanded into other crops besides grapes.
会员增加到了80,000人,工会扩大到葡萄以外的其他作物.
There were other strikes and boycotts, many of which received great Cesar with Robert F.
还有其他罢工和抵制,许多罢工和抵制与罗伯特·F一起得到了伟大的塞萨尔.
Kennedy, presidential candidate and brother of U.
肯尼迪,总统候选人和U的弟弟.
S.
师曰.
President John F.
总统约翰·F.
Kennedy, in Delano, California, March 1968.
肯尼迪,1968年3月在加利福尼亚州德拉诺.
The focus of this fast was to rededicate farm workers to nonviolence.
这一快餐的重点是重新将农场工人投入非暴力。
Cesar rests for a moment during the 1975 Gallo wine boycott.
Cesar在1975年加洛葡萄酒抵制期间休息了一会儿.
being fired when they tried to organize.
他们试图组织起来时被开除。
There were also tough times.
也有艰难的时期。
Though the UFW remained nonviolent, strikers were often victims of violence.
虽然工人团结联盟保持非暴力,但罢工者往往是暴力的受害者。
Between 1972 and 1983, four farm workers and one young supporter were killed.
1972至1983年间,有4名农场工人和1名年轻支持者被害.
Cesar also undertook two more fasts.
塞萨尔还进行了两次斋戒.
The last one, which ended after 36 days in August 1988, called attention to the harm that pesticides cause farm workers and their children.
上一次是在1988年8月的36天之后结束的,呼吁注意农药对农场工人及其子女所造成的损害。
Cesar’s Legacy Cesar Chavez died peacefully in his sleep on April 23, 1993.
1993年4月23日,Cesar的遗产Cesar Chavez在睡眠中和平地死去.
He was 66 years old.
享年66岁.
Over 50,000 farm workers and UFW supporters came to his funeral in Delano to honor the courageous and humble man who worked so hard for dignity for all people.
超过5万名农场工人和UFW的支持者来到他在德拉诺的葬礼上,向为所有人尊严而辛勤工作的勇敢而谦卑的人致敬.
It was the largest funeral for any labor leader in the history of the United States.
这是美国历史上任何劳动领袖最大的葬礼.
In 1991, Cesar received the Aguila Azteca (Aztec Eagle), Mexico’s highest award for people of Mexican heritage who have made contributions outside of Mexico.
1991年,Cesar获得了墨西哥为墨西哥遗产中在墨西哥境外作出贡献的人颁发的最高奖项Aguila Azteca (Aztec Eagle).
On August 8, 1994, Cesar became the second Mexican-American to receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honor in the United States.
1994年8月8日,塞萨尔成为第二个获得总统自由勋章的墨西哥裔美国人,这是美国最高的平民荣誉.
President Bill Clinton presented this award to Cesar’s widow, Helen.
比尔·克林顿总统向塞萨尔的遗孀海伦颁发了这个奖.
On August 18, 2000, the state of California officially made March 31 “Cesar Chavez Day of Service and Learning.”
2000年8月18日,加利福尼亚州正式将3月31日定为"Cesar Chavez服务和学习日". “
On this special day, school children across the state perform service for communities in California in honor of the life and work of Cesar Chavez.
在这个特殊的日子,全州学校儿童为加州的社区服务,以纪念Cesar Chavez的生命和工作。
Rev.
页:1
Jesse Jackson holds Cesar’s hand before Cesar breaks his last fast.
杰西·杰克逊坚持 Cesar的手在Cesar打破他最后的快活之前。
Glossary barrios (n.)
词汇barrios(不详)
neighborhoods populated by Spanish- speaking people (p.
居住着讲西班牙语的人的居民区(p.
8) boycotts (n.)
8)抵制(n.
protests in which people refuse to buy something (p.
在抗议中人们拒绝买东西(p.
4) civil the act of peacefully breaking laws disobedience (n.)
4) 将和平违反法律的行为列为民事行为(n.)
because they are unjust (p.
因为他们是不义的。
4) drudgery (n.)
4) 劳作 (n.
hard, boring work (p.
辛苦而无聊的工作(p.
8) fasts (n.)
8) 斋事 (n.
periods of time when a person voluntarily goes without food (p.
一个人自愿失去食物的期间(p.
4) grass-roots (n.)
4)基层 (n.
describing a type of political movement beginning with people who lack political power (p.
描述一种从缺乏政治权力的人开始的政治运动(p.
12) Great an economic crisis in the United Depression States that started in 1929 and lasted (n.)
12) 1929年开始并持续(n.
through 1930s (p.
至1930年代(p.
6) labor farm bosses in charge of hiring and contractors (n.)
6) 负责雇佣和承包商的农场老板(n.)
paying workers (p.
支付工资的工人(p.
9) labor union (n.)
9) 工会(不详)
a group of workers that act together to protect and expand their rights in the workplace (p.
一群工人共同采取行动,以保护和扩大他们在工作场所的权利(p.
4) meager (adj.)
4）微薄的（形容词）
low; too little to be worth anything (p.
低;太少,无所值(p.
9) migrant farm workers who move to wherever workers (n.)
9) 迁移到工人所在地的农民工(不详)
crops are ready to plant or harvest (p.
作物已准备好种植或收割(p.
6) nonviolence (n.)
6)非暴力 (n.
the refusal to use physical force, fighting, or violence as a matter of principle (p.
原则上拒绝使用武力、战斗或暴力(p.
4) picket lines (n.)
4) 纠察线(n.)
protests in which people march or stand in lines, often waving flags or signs (p.
抗议人群游行或排队,经常挥舞旗帜或标志(p.
19) poll (n.)
19) 民意调查 (n.
a sampling or collection of opinions on a subject (p.
抽样或收集对某一主题的意见(第2页)。
23) Explore More 1 On the Web A.
23)在网络A上探索多一.
In the address window, type: www.
在地址窗口中,类型:www.
google.
Google (英语).
com.
电话
B.
毕.
Then type: Cesar Chavez.
后为类型: Cesar Chavez.
Click on “Google Search.”
单击“谷歌搜索”。 “
C.
C组
Read the colored links.
读取有色链接.
Click on one that looks interesting.
点击一个看起来很有趣。
D.
D类.
When you want to explore other links, click the back arrow on the top left.
想要探索其他链接时,请单击左上方的后箭头.
E.
步骤E。
Or try some different searches: United Farm Workers, grape boycott, migrant farm workers, civil disobedience, or child labor.
或者尝试一些不同的搜索: 联合农场工人,葡萄抵制,移民农场工人,非暴力反抗,或童工.
Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers are just one part of the long history of the labor movement in the United States.
塞萨尔·查韦斯和联合农场工人只是美国劳工运动长期历史的一部分.
Almost every industry, from truck drivers to movie actors, has a union to protect its workers.
几乎每个行业,从卡车司机到电影演员,都有一个工会来保护工人.
There is even a national holiday, Labor Day, to honor the workers who provide the goods and services we use every day.
甚至还有国庆节,劳动节,以纪念每天提供我们使用的货物和服务的工人。
To learn more, try an internet search for Labor Day.
为了了解更多情况,
farm workers, and the labor movement.
农场工人和劳工运动。