Life in Space
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Weightless Living.
内容无重活表.
4 The Race to Space.
4"竞速太空".
5 Space Stations.
5个空间站.
6 An Astronaut’s Life.
6 宇航员生平.
8 Sleeping.
8,睡觉。
9 Eating.
9吃饱.
10 Using the Toilet.
10 使用厕所。
11 Bathing and Teeth Cleaning.
11 沐浴与牙齿清洁.
12 Free Time.
12"自由时间".
13 Exercising.
13 锻炼.
14 Back to Earth.
14号返回地球。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Weightless Living You wake up just as the Sun is rising.
16 无重活 太阳升起的时候你醒来了
Earth spreads outside the small window, a bright blue sphere.
地向小窗外扩散出一出明亮的蓝色球体.
It takes a moment to untangle from the sleeping bag in the small space.
从小空间的睡袋上解开需要一点时间.
Opening the door, you grab a handle and flip yourself over.
开门,你拿把把把柄 翻过来
With a gentle push, you fly from one end of the room to the other.
以温柔的推力从一端起飞到另一端.
Another crew member floats by, hands you a packet of coffee, and says, “Good morning,” in Russian.
另一位船员漂来,给你一包咖啡,用俄语说:"早上好"。
You thank him and yawn, tired because you haven’t slept much.
你感谢他和打哈欠,
Your stomach hasn’t adjusted to the lack of gravity yet—and you’re incredibly excited.
您的胃还没有适应 缺乏重力的问题,
You’re about to begin your first full day working aboard the International Space Station.
你即将开始在国际空间站上工作的第一天。
You’ve trained for years, but even the simplest activities, such as eating, bathing, and going to the bathroom, are complicated without gravity.
但即使是最简单的活动, 例如吃、洗澡、上厕所,
It’s almost as if you have to learn how to do them all over again.
这几乎就像你必须学习如何再做一次。
The transport back to Earth isn’t coming for another six months, so you may as well get started.
回到地球的运输已经六个月了,
A space shuttle docks with the International Space Station.
航天飞机与国际空间站对接.
The Race to Space People began racing into space in the 1950s and 1960s.
"竞速飞向太空"(The Race to Space People)于1950年代和1960年代开始向太空赛跑.
The first person in space was cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, from Russia (then part of the Soviet Union).
太空中第一人是来自俄罗斯(当时是苏联的一部分)的宇航员尤里·加加林.
He orbited Earth once and landed safely after 108 minutes on April 12, 1961.
他环绕地球运行了一次,并在1961年4月12日108分钟后安全着陆.
In August of the same year, another Soviet cosmonaut, Gherman Titov, orbited Earth more than 17 times in about 25 hours.
同年8月,另一位苏联宇航员格曼·蒂托夫(英语:Gherman Titov)在大约25小时内绕地球运行了超过17次.
Technology advanced quickly, allowing people to go farther and stay longer in space.
技术迅速发展,使人们可以走得更远,在太空停留的时间更长。
In 1968, U.
1968年,吴.
S.
师曰.
astronauts aboard Apollo 8 successfully orbited the Moon, and on July 20, 1969, the crew of Apollo 11 stepped onto the Moon’s surface.
阿波罗8号上的宇航员成功绕入了月球轨道,1969年7月20日,阿波罗11号的乘员踏入了月球表面.
Technology continued to advance as space programs developed vehicles that allowed people to stay in space for days or weeks.
随着空间方案开发出允许人们在空间停留数日或数周的载体,技术继续得到发展。
However, scientists were also working on a more permanent structure in space—one in which people could actually live for months, or even years.
然而,科学家们也在研究空间中更永久性的结构,人们实际上可以在其中活上几个月甚至几年。
Days in Space Russian scientist Dr.
俄罗斯航天科学家日
Valeri Polyakov spent 438 consecutive days in space in 1994 and 1995.
1994年和1995年,瓦莱里·波利亚科夫在太空中连续度过了438天.
During his record-setting stay, Dr.
在他的录制期间,博士。
Polyakov lived on Mir and orbited Earth 7,075 times.
波利亚科夫居住在和平号上并环绕地球运行了7,075次.
Dr.
医生
Polyakov’s record still stands.
Polyakov的纪录依然存在。
Space Stations The Soviet Union launched the first space station in 1971.
空间站 苏联于1971年发射了第一个空间站.
Salyut 1 hosted a crew of three cosmonauts for three weeks and spent 175 days in space before it fell out of orbit and burned up while reentering Earth’s atmosphere.
萨尤特一号接待了三名宇航员,为期三周,并在太空中度过了175天后才从轨道上掉出并被烧毁而重返地球大气层.
In 1973, the United States launched Skylab, which supported three missions before being abandoned in 1974.
1973年,美国出动了Skylab,在1974年被放弃前,它支持了三项任务.
It fell to Earth in 1979.
1979年坠入地.
Not until the Soviet Union launched the first part of the Mir (MEER) space station in 1986 did the world have a space station that remained operational for more than a few years.
直到苏联于1986年发射了和平号(MEER)空间站的第一部分,世界才有了一个空间站,该站持续运行了数年多.
Mir orbited Earth for fifteen years—three times longer than originally planned—and hosted scientists from many different countries.
和平号环绕地球运行了15年——比原计划长3倍——并接待了来自许多不同国家的科学家。
The Soyuz spacecraft, first created in the 1960s, are still being used to take people to and from the International Space Station.
最早创建于1960年代的"联盟"号飞船仍然被用来接人进出国际空间站.
A space shuttle docks with Mir.
航天飞机与和平号对接.
Before Mir fell to Earth in 2001, work began on a new, larger space station.
在2001年和平号坠入地球之前,开始建造一个新的,更大的空间站.
Countries from all over the world, including the United States, Russia, Japan, and Canada, worked together.
来自世界各国,包括美国、俄罗斯、日本和加拿大,进行了合作。
In 1998, the first section of the International Space Station (ISS) was launched into orbit.
1998年,国际空间站(ISS)的第一部分被送入轨道.
More sections have been added over the years, and more are planned for the future.
这些年来增加了更多的部分,并计划今后增加更多的部分。
As of 2012, the ISS measured 357 feet (108.
截至2012年,国际空间站测得357英尺(108.
8 m) long and weighed almost 1 million pounds (453,592.
8米)长而重近一百万磅(453,592.
3 kg).
(原始内容存档于2013-10-12). 3 kg.
The largest human-made object in space, it can even be seen in the night sky without using a telescope.
太空中最大的人造物体,甚至可以在夜空上不使用望远镜看到.
The ISS has been continuously occupied since November 2, 2000.
自2000年11月2日以来,国际空间站一直被持续占用。
Over the years, more than two hundred people from fifteen countries have visited the station, which has more living space than the average five-bedroom house.
多年来,有来自15个国家的200多人参观了该站,该站的居住空间比一般的五间房多.
The amount of time an astronaut spends on the ISS varies, with many staying for about three to six months.
宇航员在国际空间站上花费的时间不同,许多人停留了大约三到六个月.
That’s up to six months of living and working without gravity in an enclosed space with three to six other people.
与另外三到六个人一起,
The crew members might be from different countries and speak different languages, but they all have to work together as a team.
船员可能来自不同国家,会说不同的语言,但他们都得作为一个团队一起工作.
This can be extremely stressful for the astronauts’ minds and bodies.
这对宇航员的心灵和身体可能极为紧张。
An Astronaut’s Life Astronauts attend school for many years, often earning the highest degree in their field, before they begin training.
一位宇航员的生命宇航员在开始训练前,上学多年,经常获得本领域最高学位。
The physical training involves simulating weightlessness while flying in an airplane.
体能训练包括在飞机飞行时模拟失重。
They also spend up to seven hours in a space suit, working underwater in a massive 6.
他们还穿着宇航服在水下工作长达7小时,在6个大块头。
2 million-gallon (23.
200万加仑(23.
5 million liter) pool on life-size models of space vehicles.
500万升) 太空飞行器寿命型号的池.
Once on the ISS, however, astronauts still must adjust to a completely weightless way of life.
然而,一旦进入国际空间站,宇航员仍必须适应完全无重力的生活方式。
Sick in Space When astronauts first get to the ISS, their bodies and minds need time to adjust to the weightlessness.
空间病 当宇航员第一次到达国际空间站时,他们的身心需要时间来适应失重.
The change can make some people ill.
这种变化会让一些人生病.
Fortunately, the ISS comes equipped with special bags for that purpose.
所幸的是,国际空间站为此目的配备了特殊袋。
They have a cloth side that can be used to clean up as well as an extra sealable bag attached for easy disposal.
它们有一个可以用来清理的布边,以及一个额外的可密封袋,以方便处置.
An astronaut practices repairing part of the ISS on an underwater model.
宇航员在水下模型上修补国际空间站的一部分。
Working underwater helps prepare them for space walks.
在水下工作有助于他们为太空行走做准备.
Sleeping Without gravity, astronauts can’t jump into bed and curl up under a pile of blankets.
宇航员不能跳入床上,
Instead, the ISS has six small “sleep pods” that each contain a sleeping bag with armholes.
相反,国际空间站有6个小型“睡眠舱”,每个舱内有一个有臂孔的睡袋。
Each bag is securely tied to the wall to keep the astronaut from floating away while snoozing.
每个包被安全地绑在墙上,以免宇航员在打探时漂去.
The lack of gravity often causes astronauts to experience dreams of falling.
缺乏地心引力常常会使宇航员经历摔倒的梦想.
Because of the space station’s orbit, astronauts on board see sixteen sunrises and sunsets every day.
由于空间站的轨道,船上的宇航员每天看到16个出日出和日落.
Since people are used to sleeping at night and being awake during the day, this can cause serious sleep problems.
由于人们习惯了晚上睡觉,白天会醒着,这会造成严重的睡眠问题.
The space station has a “shades down” period, during which it is dark and quiet to allow the astronauts to get the sleep they need.
空间站有一个“阴影倒下”的时期,在此期间,让宇航员们得到他们需要的睡眠是黑暗而安静的。
Eating Early astronauts ate gels, pastes, and freeze- dried food that, while it contained the nutrition they needed, didn’t taste very good.
早期的宇航员吃凝胶、糊口和冻干食品,
Today, astronauts eat many of the foods most people enjoy, such as chicken, fruits, peanut butter, and brownies.
今天,宇航员们吃了很多人们最享受的食物,如鸡肉,水果,花生酱和布朗尼.
The ISS has no refrigerator, so all food must be packaged in such a way that it won’t spoil, but the station does have an oven.
国际空间站没有冰箱, 所以所有的食物必须包装得不坏,
Some food, such as peanut butter, can be eaten as is; other food, such as spaghetti, must have water added.
一些食物,如花生酱,可以照原样吃;其他食物,如意大利面,必须加水.
Salt and pepper come in liquid form because otherwise the particles would float away and damage the delicate space station equipment.
盐和胡椒以液体形式来,因为否则颗粒会漂去并损坏微妙的空间站设备.
Once the food is prepared, however, astronauts still have to get used to swallowing, which astronaut Piers Sellers equated to “eating while lying on one side.”
然而,一旦准备了食物,宇航员仍须习惯于吞咽,宇航员Piers Sellers就等同于“一边倒地吃饭”。 “
An astronaut has a breakfast of eggs and sausage on a tortilla with coffee on the ISS.
宇航员在托尔地拉上吃鸡蛋和香肠早餐,在国际空间站上加咖啡.
Astronaut Alvin Drew prepares to sleep on the ISS.
宇航员阿尔文·德鲁准备在国际空间站上入睡.
Using the Toilet With the way things float around in space, using the bathroom can be tricky business.
使用厕所 与事物在太空中漂浮的方式, 使用浴室可以是棘手的生意。
In fact, astronauts need special training to use the toilet.
事实上,宇航员需要特殊训练才能使用厕所.
The toilets on the ISS have two parts.
国际空间站的厕所有两个部分。
For liquid waste, astronauts use a tube with a nozzle.
对于液体废物,宇航员使用有喷管的管子.
For solid waste, astronauts must use foot straps and handles to stay in place as they position themselves over a 4-inch (10 cm) opening.
对于固体废弃物,宇航员必须在4英寸(10厘米)开口处定位时使用脚带和手柄就位.
The average toilet on Earth has a 12- to 16-inch (30.
地球上的平均厕所有12至16英寸(30.
6 cm) opening.
6厘米)开口.
The toilet uses light suction to transport the waste from the opening or tube to where it is stored in another part of the station.
厕所使用光吸取来将废物从开口或管子运送到车站另一部分存放的地方.
Bathing and Teeth Cleaning Astronauts use water and special soap on a cloth to wash their bodies.
洗澡和牙齿清洁宇航员在布上用取水和特制肥皂来洗取身体.
They wash their hair with shampoo that uses no water, and to clean their teeth, they use toothpaste that can be swallowed when they’re finished.
他们用不用水的洗发水来洗发, 并且为了清洗牙齿,
Previous space stations, including Skylab, had an actual shower.
包括Skylab在内的前几个空间站都进行了真正的淋浴。
Astronauts stepped into an enclosed space with a tube that squirted water.
宇航员用喷出水的管子走入了封闭的空间.
They washed with soap and a cloth, and then used another tube to suck away the dirty water.
他们用肥皂和布洗了干净,然后用另一根管子吸去脏水.
Astronaut Karen Nyberg shows how she washes her hair on the ISS.
卡伦宇航员 Nyberg展示了她如何在国际空间站上洗发.
The tube hanging on the wall is for liquid waste.
挂在墙上的管子是用于液体废物.
The base on the floor is for solid waste.
地上基座为固体废弃物.
The ISS has two toilets, which have stopped working more than once.
国际空间站有两个厕所,停用不止一次。
To repair a toilet, astronauts must use parts sent from Earth, which can take months.
为了修复厕所,宇航员必须使用从地球发出的零件,这可能需要几个月的时间.
Free Time Astronauts on the ISS have very little free time, but they do find ways to entertain themselves.
国际空间站上的"自由时空"宇航员几乎没有空闲时间,但他们确实找到了娱乐自己的方式.
They might play cards, read, or write, among other things.
他们可以打牌,读书或写作等等。
Keeping in touch with loved ones is also important, and astronauts are able to make calls and use video chat.
与所爱的人保持联系也很重要,宇航员能够打电话并使用视频聊天.
Sometimes astronauts have live video chats in which they answer questions from students all over the world or give tours of the station.
有时宇航员会进行现场视频聊天,在视频聊天中回答来自世界各地学生的问题,或者给空间站做巡视.
When they have nothing else to do, however, many simply look out the windows or take photos.
然而,当他们无所事事时,许多人只是看着窗外或者拍照。
Who can blame them?
谁能怪他们?
The view is pretty amazing.
景色相当惊人。
Exercising Exercise is incredibly important for astronauts.
演习对宇航员来说非常重要
When people exercise on Earth, their bones and muscles must work against gravity, which makes them stronger.
当人们在地球上锻炼时,他们的骨骼和肌肉必须与重力相抗衡,这使其更强大.
Because of the lack of gravity in space, it takes very little strength or effort to move things that might be extremely heavy on Earth.
由于太空中缺乏重力,移动地球上可能极其重的物体需要的力或努力都很少.
Because of this ease, astronauts’ bones and muscles weaken over time.
由于这种容易,宇航员的骨骼和肌肉随时间推移而减弱.
To slow the decline, astronauts must work out at least two hours every day.
为了减缓衰落速度,宇航员必须每天至少工作两小时.
The special equipment in the ISS gym includes a treadmill that uses straps to pull down on the astronauts as they run.
国际空间站健身房中的特殊设备包括一个跑步机,在宇航员跑步时使用带子拉倒.
Other exercise equipment in the gym uses resistance to help the astronauts stay strong.
健身房中的其他锻炼设备使用阻力来帮助宇航员保持坚固.
Even with such a grueling daily workout, most astronauts lose 20 to 30 percent of their muscle mass during their six-month stay.
即使每天工作都这么辛苦 大多数宇航员在六个月的停留期间 都损失了20%到30%的肌肉
Astronaut Luca Parmitano exercises on a treadmill on the ISS.
宇航员卢卡·帕尔米塔诺在国际空间站的跑步机上演习.
Astronaut Chris Hadfield plays guitar on the ISS.
克里斯宇航员 哈德菲尔德在国际空间站上弹出吉他.
During his last visit to the space station, he even made a music video.
在他最后一次访问太空站期间,他甚至还制作了一段音乐视频.
Back to Earth When astronauts return to Earth from the ISS, the work isn’t over.
回到地球来 当宇航员从国际空间站返回地球时,
Recovery from an extended period in space takes a long time.
从长时间的空间恢复需要很长时间。
For a six-month stay on the ISS, astronauts have about six weeks of rehabilitation to regain lost muscle.
在国际空间站停留6个月的时间里,宇航员有大约6周的康复时间来收复失去的肌肉.
It can take a whole year for an astronaut’s bones to fully recover.
宇航员的骨骼可能需要一整年才能完全恢复.
Despite all the hard work and inconvenience astronauts must endure, they know the time spent living and working in space is worth it.
尽管宇航员必须忍受所有艰苦的工作和不便,但他们知道在太空生活和工作所花的时间是值得的.
During their time in space and rehabilitation afterward, scientists monitor the astronauts’ physical and mental health.
科学家在太空期间和之后的康复期间,监测宇航员的身心健康。
The information they gather has already helped astronauts live healthier and happier lives.
他们收集的信息已经帮助宇航员过上更健康更幸福的生活.
As we look farther into space—to places that may take months, years, or even decades to reach—this vital information might mean the success or failure of future space exploration.
当我们更深入地探索空间——可能要花几个月、几年甚至几十年才能到达的地方——时,这一重要信息可能意味着未来空间探索的成败。
Glossary astronauts (n.)
术语表宇航员(不详)
people trained to travel and work in space (p.
接受过太空旅行和工作培训的人(p.
5) cosmonaut (n.)
5) 宇航员 (n.
a person trained to travel and work in space; a Russian word for “astronaut” (p.
a. 受过空间旅行和工作训练的人;
5) gravity (n.)
5)重力(n.
the natural force that tends to pull objects toward each other, such as objects being pulled toward the center of Earth (p.
倾向于将物体拉向对方的自然力,例如被拉向地球中心的物体(p.
4) grueling (adj.)
4) 发牢骚 (adj.
extremely difficult; exhausting (p.
极端困难; 疲劳 (p.
14) launched (v.)
14)发射(五.
used force to start something moving (p.
使用强制来开始移动(p.
6) operational (adj.)
6) 运营(adj.
ready or able to work or be used (p.
准备或能够工作或被使用(p.
6) orbited (v.)
6) 有轨电车(五.
revolved around another object (p.
围绕另一个对象(p.
5) rehabilitation (n.)
5)康复 (n.
the process of restoring to health or normal activity (p.
恢复健康或正常活动的过程(p.
15) resistance (n.)
15) 抵抗 (n.
force that slows motion (p.
拖动力(p.
14) simulating (v.)
14)模拟(五.
modeling or imitating the appearance or condition of something (p.
建模或模仿某物的外观或条件(p.
8) space station (n.)
8) 空间站 (n.
a spacecraft in which people can live for a long time, used for scientific research (p.
用于科学研究(p.
4) technology (n.)
4) 技术(n.
the use of scientific knowledge or tools to make or do something (p.
利用科学知识或工具制造或做某事(p.
5) Astronauts return to Earth from the ISS in 2013.
5) 2013年宇航员从国际空间站返回地球.