Hungry Right Here?
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents The Invisible Epidemic.
目录 隐生相克.
4 Why People Can’t Afford Food.
4 人们为什么买不起食品。
6 How Food Assistance Works.
6 粮食援助如何发挥作用。
7 The Politics of Hunger.
7"饥饿政治".
9 Filling the Gap.
9 填补空白。
10 Kids Can Make a Difference.
10 个孩子可以 做一个区别。
12 What Can I Do?
12 我能怎么办?
14 Glossary.
14 词汇表。
16 The Invisible Epidemic It’s the last day of school!
16 看不见的流行病 今天是上学的最后一天!
Everyone is excited about the long summer break—everyone except a boy named Mario.
除了一个叫马里奥的男孩, 每个人都对暑假很兴奋。
He slumps in his chair with his head on his desk.
他倒在椅子上,头放在桌子上。
His stomach rumbles.
他的胃发作。
The only food he’s had today is the school lunch, and he knows the cabinets at home are empty.
他今天唯一吃的是学校午餐,
His mom works two jobs, but by the end of the month they always run out of money for food.
他的妈妈做两份工作,但到了月底,他们总是用光了食物的钱.
He sighs, thinking of the long summer ahead.
他叹气,想到了前面漫长的夏天.
Like Mario, millions of American children go hungry every day.
像马里奥一样,数百万美国儿童每天都在挨饿.
According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 48.
据美国农业部(USDA)统计,48.
1 million Americans lived in “food insecure” households in 2014.
2014年,100万美国人生活在“粮食不安全”家庭中。
This means they did not always have enough food for everyone living there.
这意味着他们并不总是有足够的食物给生活在那里的每一个人。
Of these Americans, 15.
在这些美国人中,有15人。
3 million were children.
300万儿童。
That’s about one in five children in the United States who were food insecure.
这大约是美国五分之一的粮食不安全儿童。
Hunger brings pain and stress.
饥饿带来痛苦和压力。
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has found that children who don’t get enough to eat have more health problems and miss more school than those who do.
疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)发现,
When kids are hungry at school, they have a harder time learning.
当孩子们在学校饿了, 他们学习的时间很困难。
Hunger also has long-term effects.
饥饿也有长期影响。
Children grow fast, and their brains develop rapidly at a young age.
儿童生长快,幼年时大脑迅速发展.
Too little food slows both their physical and mental development.
食物太少会减缓他们的身心发展。
Many of these children never catch up.
其中许多儿童从未赶上。
The United States grows and exports millions of pounds of food, and the government has programs to help people who can’t afford food.
美国增长并出口了上百万磅的粮食,政府也有帮助买不起粮食的人们的方案.
Yet there is an epidemic of hunger in the United States.
然而,美国存在着饥饿的流行病。
Why?
为什么?
Why People Can’t Afford Food Bad things can happen to anyone.
为何人们不能买到食物?
A factory closes and a parent loses a job.
工厂倒闭,父母失去一份工作。
A guardian gets sick and can’t work.
监护人生病无法工作。
A single mom must stay home to take care of an aging parent or sick child.
单身母亲必须留在家里照顾年老的父母或生病的孩子。
When families lose income—or don’t have enough to begin with—they often have to make tough choices.
当家庭失去收入-或没有足够的开始,
Sometimes that choice is to either pay the bills or eat.
有时,这种选择是支付账单或吃饭。
Millions of Americans work full time and sometimes still go hungry—women in particular.
数百万美国人全职工作,有时仍然挨饿,特别是妇女。
USDA figures show that more than 60 percent of adults receiving food assistance are women.
获得粮食援助的成年人中,60%以上是妇女。
According to the U.
根据U.
S.
师曰.
Census, more than 80 percent of single parents caring for children are women, and they are twice as likely to live in poverty as single fathers caring for children.
人口普查显示,80%以上照顾子女的单亲父母是妇女,她们比照顾子女的单亲父亲生活在贫困中的可能性高一倍。
When mothers are living in poverty, their children often are, too.
当母亲生活在贫困中时,她们的孩子也常常是。
How Food Assistance Works A mother-to-be uses government assistance to buy fresh food.
粮食援助如何发挥作用 母亲将使用政府援助购买新鲜食品。
How Food Assistance Works Federal food assistance began as a way for the government to help farmers during the Great Depression.
粮食援助如何在联邦粮食援助中发挥作用,开始成为政府在大萧条期间帮助农民的一种方式。
Starting in 1933, the USDA bought farmers’ extra crops and gave them to those in need.
从1933年开始,USDA购买了农民的额外作物,并给了需要的人.
In 1939, the government began issuing actual stamps that people used to buy surplus food.
1939年,政府开始发行人们用来购买剩余粮食的实际邮票.
By 1964, the program allowed people to buy any type of food, not just extra from farmers.
到1964年,该方案允许人们购买任何种类的食物,而不仅仅是从农民那里额外购买.
In 2008, the Food Stamp Program was renamed the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) to reflect the program’s new emphasis on nutrition.
2008年,食品印花方案被更名为补充营养援助方案,以反映该方案对营养的新强调。
During the Great Depression, the government gave out surplus food to help feed hungry Americans.
大萧条期间,政府出出多余的食物来帮助给饥饿的美国人提供食物.
In 2015, SNAP helped more than forty-five million Americans.
2015年,SNAP帮助了超过4500万美国人.
The average monthly food stamp benefit is less than $5.
月平均粮票补贴不足5元.
00 a day.
一天零块.
Another federal program, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), helps pregnant women and children under the age of five.
另一个联邦方案,即妇女、婴儿和儿童特别补充营养方案,帮助孕妇和5岁以下儿童。
WIC provides specific nutritious foods such as milk, baby formula, and baby food.
WIC提供特定的营养食品,如牛奶,婴儿配方和婴儿食品等.
For more than thirty million children, the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) also provides free or reduced-cost lunches at public schools to low-income families.
对3 000多万儿童而言,国家学校午餐方案也在公立学校向低收入家庭提供免费或减价午餐。
In 2014, nearly two-thirds of SNAP recipients were children, elderly, or disabled.
2014年,近三分之二的SNAP领取者是儿童、老人或残疾人。
Source: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities Who Receives SNAP?
资料来源:预算和政策优先事项中心,谁接收SNAP?
The Politics of Hunger While the government offers a safety net to many hungry Americans, the amount of money budgeted for federal food programs varies from year to year.
饥饿的政治 虽然政府向许多饥饿的美国人提供安全网,但用于联邦粮食方案的预算金额每年都会有所不同.
In some years, Congress cuts billions in spending for SNAP; in some years, it increases spending for school lunch programs.
几年来,国会削减了数十亿用于SNAP的开支;几年来,国会增加了用于学校午餐计划的开支.
People disagree about how much the federal government should spend on these food programs.
人们对于联邦政府应该花多少钱来实施这些食品计划持不同意见.
They also disagree about who should qualify for help.
他们还不同意谁有资格获得帮助。
For instance, some people think the government should change its current measure of poverty.
例如,有些人认为,政府应该改变其目前的贫困衡量标准。
Developed in the 1960s, this government formula accounts for inflation.
20世纪60年代发展起来,这种政府公式是通货膨胀的原因.
It does not account for other rising costs, however, or shifting demands on Americans’ budgets.
但是,它并没有考虑到其他不断上升的成本,也没有考虑到对美国预算的需求的转移。
Costs such as childcare, housing, and education have increased much more than food.
儿童照料、住房和教育等费用的增长远远大于食品。
As a result, more families today struggle to pay their bills.
因此,今天有更多的家庭为支付账单而挣扎.
Even for those who qualify, not everyone who needs help gets help.
即使对有资格的人来说,并非每个需要帮助的人都会得到帮助。
Many people may not know they qualify or don’t know how to apply for SNAP.
许多人可能不知道自己是否合格,
Others could be embarrassed to ask for help.
其他人可能尴尬地寻求帮助。
Applying for benefits often means taking off work, something people who can’t afford food can’t afford to miss.
申请福利往往意味着失业,
Filling the Gap When government funding is not enough to meet the needs of hungry Americans, local food programs help fill the gap.
当政府资金不足以满足饥饿的美国人的需求时,地方粮食方案有助于填补缺口。
Food banks in every state collect food from growers, restaurants, and grocery stores to distribute to charities, such as food pantries and soup kitchens, that serve the public.
各州的粮食银行从种植者,餐馆,杂货店等处收集粮食,分给慈善机构,如为公众服务的食品裤和汤厨房.
Food banks often provide canned or boxed foods because storing fresh produce, for instance, is difficult.
粮食银行往往提供罐装或盒装食品,因为储存新鲜产品,例如,很困难。
For low-income people, the nutritional gap can sometimes be filled by community gardens.
对低收入人群来说,营养差距有时可以通过社区花园来填补.
Here, people plant, care for, and harvest produce to use at home or share with the community.
在这里,人们种植、照料和收割产品供家庭使用或与社区分享。
Many community gardens grow vegetables for their local food banks.
许多社区花园为当地的粮食库种植蔬菜.
Food Deserts High-poverty areas are often “food deserts”— places not served by large grocery stores.
高贫困地区往往是 " 粮食沙漠 " -- -- 大型杂货店不供应的地方。
Some are in inner cities where stores have closed.
有的位于商店已关闭的内地城市.
Others are in rural areas with small populations.
另一些人居住在人口较少的农村地区。
People in these areas often can’t afford to travel ten or fifteen miles to buy groceries, so they buy basic food at small, local stores.
当地小商店购买基本食物。
Prices are generally higher, and small stores often don’t carry nutritious foods like quality meat or fresh produce.
价格一般较高,小商店通常不携带有营养的食物,如优质肉类或新鲜产品.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
The nonprofit organization Ample Harvest.
非营利组织"安普尔收获".
org connects more than 7,500 food charities with gardens that want to donate produce.
org将7500多家食品慈善机构与希望捐赠出产的花园相连接.
Feeding America, the largest nonprofit organization helping American families, has more than two hundred food banks and sixty thousand food pantries that feed about twelve million kids each year.
养活美国,是帮助美国家庭的最大非营利组织,拥有200多家食品银行和6万个食品裤,每年养活约1200万儿童.
However, charities account for less than 6 percent of the food assistance in the United States.
然而,慈善机构只占美国粮食援助的不到6%.
As costs rise, wages stay the same, and federal food programs are cut, these organizations are finding that they cannot meet the needs of hungry people.
随着成本上升,工资保持不变,联邦粮食方案被削减,这些组织发现它们无法满足饥饿人口的需要。
They often run out of food and have to turn families away.
他们经常食物用光,不得不让家人离开。
A mother and her children plant tomatoes in a middle-school garden in Colorado.
一位母亲和她的孩子在科罗拉多州的一所中学花园里种植了番茄.
They plan to donate their produce to a local food bank.
他们计划将其产品捐赠给当地一家粮食银行.
Kids Can Make a Difference In addition to food stamps and food banks, kids like you can help.
孩子们可以 有所区别 除了粮票和粮库,你这样的孩子也可以帮忙.
Students in Concord, New Hampshire, hosted a “hunger banquet” for their parents.
新罕布什尔州康科德的学生为父母举办了“饥饿宴会”。
The “cost” to attend the banquet was canned food for the food pantry.
参加宴会的“费用”是食品储藏室的罐装食品。
A sixth-grade class in Bellingham, Massachusetts, made an award- winning video about hunger to raise awareness in its community.
马萨诸塞州贝林汉姆的一门六年级课程制作了一款获奖的关于饥饿的视频来提高社区的认识.
Other students have raised money for food banks through bake sales, art sales, car washes, walk-a-thons, and read-a-thons.
其他学生通过烘焙销售,美术销售,洗车,走行走行,读行走行等方式为食品银行募集资金.
Sam Adamo played his cello at a local farmer’s market and collected $700 for his local food bank in Rhode Island.
萨姆·阿达莫在当地一个农民市场打出大提琴,为他在罗德岛的当地粮食银行收了700美元.
Carson Pazdan created a cookbook for and by kids.
卡森·帕兹丹为孩子创作了一本烹饪手册。
The cookbook sales raised more than $20,000 for the Northern Illinois Food Bank.
烹饪本的销售为北伊利诺伊州食品银行筹集了2万多美元.
Macy Stewart collected 844 pounds (383 kg) of food by distributing empty bags in her school and asking classmates to fill them for St.
梅西·斯图尔特通过在学校分发空袋来收集了844磅(383公斤)的食物,并要求同学们为圣.
Mary’s Food Bank in Surprise, Arizona.
玛丽食品银行在亚利桑那州惊喜.
When seven-year-old William Winslow realized that kids in Wake County, North Carolina, would not have food over spring break, he asked a local restaurant to team up with him.
当7岁的威廉·温斯洛意识到北卡罗莱纳州怀克县的孩子们在春假期间不会有食物时,他要求当地的一家餐厅和他合作.
The restaurant gave free cheese dip to customers who brought in foods for Back Pack Buddies, a program that sends meals home on weekends for students in need.
餐厅免费给那些为Back Pack Buddies带来食物的顾客提供起司浸泡,这个节目在周末会送饭回家给有需要的学生.
Then William asked a local grocery store to let him stand outside and tell people about the program.
之后威廉要求当地一家杂货店让他站出门来,告诉人们这个方案.
In only one weekend, he collected 1,400 pounds (635 kg) of food and $305 in cash donations.
只有一个周末,他收了1400磅(635公斤)的食物和305美元的现金捐款.
Now in fourth grade, William still holds an annual fund-raiser.
现在四年级时,威廉仍然举办年度募捐会.
In 2016, he enlisted and organized 171 volunteers to collect donations at ten grocery stores.
2016年,他征召并组织171名志愿者到10个杂货店募捐.
Donations provided eleven thousand meals to regional children.
捐款为地区儿童提供了一万一千份膳食。
In 2017, he hopes to expand throughout the state of North Carolina.
2017年,他希望能扩展到整个北卡罗莱纳州.
William says, “I’m just an involved, regular kid.
威廉说:“我只是个普通孩子。
Any kid can make a difference if they want to.
任何孩子如果愿意都可以有所作为.
It’s just whether they want to or not.”
他们是否愿意, “
“I’m just an involved, regular kid.
“我只是个普通孩子。
Any kid can make a difference if they want to.
任何孩子如果愿意都可以有所作为.
It’s just whether they want to or not.”
他们是否愿意, “
William collected 8,100 pounds (3,674 kg) of food for Back Pack Buddies in 2016.
威廉于2016年为后包巴德斯收集了8,100磅(3,674公斤)的食物.
What Can I Do?
我能怎么办?
If you have a family garden, you can donate extra produce to a local food pantry—or plant an extra patch of vegetables to donate!
如果你有一个家庭花园,你可以向当地的食品储藏所捐赠额外的产品——或者种植额外的蔬菜来捐赠!
You can also donate part of your allowance and encourage others to do the same.
您也可捐赠部分津贴,并鼓励他人也这样做。
Kids in Loudoun County, Virginia, came up with a plan to allow kids to donate a dime to the food bank each time they bought lunch.
弗吉尼亚州卢多恩县的孩子们想出一个计划,让孩子们每次购买午餐时都能向食品银行捐赠一分钱.
Encourage a school campaign to buy products to support food banks.
鼓励学校开展购入产品,支持粮食银行.
Map the Meal Gap Use this map to compare rates of hunger within your state.
映射膳食缺口 使用此地图来比较您所在状态的饥饿率 。
Next, compare your state and region with others.
接下来,将您的州和地区与其它地区进行比较.
Where is the percentage of food insecurity highest?
粮食无保障的比例在什么地方最高?
Lowest?
低调?
Look around your community.
看看周围的社区。
Find out what the local food bank and charities need and at what time of year the need is greatest.
了解当地粮食银行和慈善机构需要什么,以及每年什么时候最需要什么。
Share what you find with friends, family, and neighbors.
和朋友、家人和邻居分享你的发现
Most people don’t know a lot about hunger in their own communities.
大部分民众对自己的社区饥饿了解不多。
Let them know by writing a letter to your local newspaper.
写封信给当地报纸让他们知道
Write a report on hunger in your community and present it to your class.
写一篇关于你们社区饥饿状况的报告,并提交你们班级.
Write letters to your representatives in Congress and to your state and local governments.
写信给你们在国会的代表以及你们州和地方政府的代表。
Encourage them to support programs that help make sure no child goes hungry.
鼓励它们支持有助于确保儿童不挨饿的方案。
Start a letter- writing campaign at school to tell government officials what you think.
在学校发起写信运动 告诉政府官员你的想法
We have the resources to ensure that children like Mario never go hungry again.
我们有资源确保像马里奥这样的儿童不再挨饿。
We just need the will to make it happen.
我们只需要有实现它的意愿。
Don’t Waste Food!
不要浪费食物!
About 40 percent of food in the United States is thrown away.
美国约40%的食物被扔掉.
The average family of four wastes about $1,500 worth of food, or two million calories, each year.
每年平均有4个废物,价值约1,500美元,即200万卡路里。
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and USDA have set a goal of reducing food waste by 50 percent by 2030.
环境保护署(EPA)和USDA制定了到2030年将食物浪费减少50%的目标.
If you waste food, how might you waste less?
如果你浪费食物,你怎么能少浪费?