Guy Fawkes Day
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents What Is Bonfire Night?
内容表 什么是Bonfire之夜?
4 Who Was Guy Fawkes?
盖伊・福克斯是谁?
5 The Gunpowder Plot.
5"火药地块".
6 Caught!
6号夹克!
9 Another Conspiracy?
9个阴谋?
12 The Legacy of the Plot.
12 Plot的遗产.
13 Conclusion.
13 结论。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 What Is Bonfire Night?
16号是"Bonfire之夜"?
“Remember, remember the fifth of November.
“记住,记住11月5日。
Gunpowder, Treason, and Plot, We know no reason why Gunpowder Treason Should ever be forgot.”
火药、叛国和地铁 我们不知道为什么应该忘记火药叛国 “
On November 5 every year, adults and children in the United Kingdom gather together for fireworks and bonfires.
每年11月5日,英国的成人和儿童会聚一堂进行烟花和篝火.
Friends and families cheer as a dummy, called a “Guy,” on top of the fire bursts into flames.
朋友和家人欢呼起来,称他们为“同志”,在火上燃烧。
This traditional festival is known as Guy Fawkes Day, or Bonfire Night.
这个传统节日被称为"盖伊·福克斯日"(Guy Fawkes Day),或"Bonfire Night".
Guy Fawkes Day celebrates a day in 1605 when King James I and his ministers stopped a plot that would have blown up Parliament.
盖伊·福克日(英语:Guy Fawkes Day)于1605年庆祝了一天,詹姆斯一世国王和他的大臣们阻止了一场会炸毁议会的阴谋.
The Lewes, England, Bonfire Night celebration is the biggest in the world.
英国利韦斯人 Bonfire之夜庆祝活动是世界上最大的.
Who Was Guy Fawkes?
盖伊·福克斯是谁?
Guy Fawkes was born in 1570 in York, England, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I.
盖伊·福克斯于1570年生于英国约克,在伊丽莎白一世女王统治时期.
At that time in Europe, many Catholic and Protestant countries were at war, and the Catholic religion was illegal in England.
当时在欧洲,许多天主教和新教国家处于战争状态,而天主教在英国是非法的.
Catholics who were caught practicing their religion were punished severely.
被逮到信奉宗教的天主教徒受到严厉惩罚.
Guy’s parents were Protestant.
他的父母是新教徒。
His grandparents, however, were Catholic, and when Guy’s father died, his mother remarried a Catholic.
然而,他的祖父母是天主教徒,而盖伊的父亲去世后,他的母亲与一名天主教徒再婚.
When he was a teenager, Guy decided to convert to Catholicism.
少年时代,盖伊决定皈依天主教.
He was angry about the terrible treatment that Catholics received in England.
他对天主教徒在英国受到的可怕待遇感到愤怒.
In his early twenties, Guy left England.
20多岁时,盖离开英国.
He traveled to the Netherlands to join the Catholic Spanish army in their fight against the Dutch Protestants.
他到荷兰去同天主教西班牙军队一起与荷兰新教徒作战.
Fawkes served as a soldier in the Spanish army for twelve years and became an explosives expert.
法克斯在西班牙军队中当了12年的士兵,并成为了炸药专家.
Guy Fawkes went by the nickname Guido.
盖伊·福克斯取了绰号"圭多".
The Gunpowder Plot When Queen Elizabeth I died in 1603, Catholics hoped her successor, King James I, would be more accepting of their religion.
伊丽莎白女王的火药盒 我于1603年去世,天主教徒希望她的继任者国王詹姆斯一世会更接受他们的宗教.
Much to their dismay, he passed even harsher laws against them.
令他们非常失望的是,他对他们通过了更严厉的法律。
Many English Catholics had remained loyal to the king.
许多英语 天主教徒仍然忠于国王。
However, Fawkes met other Englishmen in the Spanish army who were as angry as he was about the unfair treatment of Catholics in England.
然而,福克斯在西班牙军队中遇到了其他英国人,他们对英国天主教徒的不公平待遇感到愤怒.
In 1603, Fawkes went to Spain to inform the Spanish king about the plight of the Catholics in England, but the king refused to take action.
1603年,法克士去西班牙向西班牙国王通报英国天主教徒的困境,但国王拒绝采取行动.
Spain and England already had a long history of military conflict that they had recently agreed to end.
西班牙和英格兰已经有着他们最近同意结束的军事冲突的长期历史。
Meanwhile, in England, a man named Robert Catesby had begun to plan a revolt against King James I and recruited his cousin, Thomas Wintour.
与此同时,在英国,一个叫罗伯特·凯茨比(Robert Catesby)的人开始策划一场针对国王詹姆斯一世的起义并招募他的堂兄弟托马斯·温图尔.
In April 1604, they invited Fawkes to join them in their plot against the Crown.
1604年四月,他们邀请了法克士加入他们反对王室的阴谋.
They needed Fawkes’s expertise with using gunpowder to make explosives.
他们需要Fawkes使用火药来制造炸药的专门知识。
Fawkes did not hesitate.
Fawkes毫不犹豫。
Back in London, in May 1604, Fawkes met with other conspirators at a local inn.
1604年5月回到伦敦后,福克斯在当地一家客栈与其他阴谋者相会.
They took an oath of secrecy.
他们发誓要保密
The conspirators intended to blow up Parliament on the day of the opening ceremony.
阴谋者打算在开幕式当天炸毁议会.
All the ministers and the king would be in attendance.
所有大臣和国王都会出席
The plotters would then lead a rebellion of Catholic supporters against the king.
策划者们会领导天主教支持者反抗国王的叛乱.
They wanted to install King James’s daughter, Princess Elizabeth, on the throne.
他们想把詹姆斯国王的女儿伊丽莎白公主安上王位.
Elizabeth was only nine years old, and they believed that powerful Catholic rulers could easily influence her decisions.
伊丽莎白才九岁,他们相信强大的天主教统治者可以轻易地影响她的决定.
Thirteen conspirators in total were sworn into the plot.
共有13个阴谋者宣誓加入阴谋。
Robert Catesby had a house in Lambeth, just across the River Thames from Parliament.
罗伯特·凯茨比在兰贝斯有所房子,就在泰晤士河对面,来自议会.
The peace between Spain and England meant there was a surplus of gunpowder.
西班牙和英格兰的和平意味着火药过剩.
The plotters were able to purchase thirty-six barrels of gunpowder and store them in Catesby’s house.
绘图员购买了36桶火药,并存放在Catesby的家中。
One of the plotters, Thomas Percy, got a job as a royal bodyguard.
策划者之一托马斯·珀西获得了皇家保镖的工作.
He moved into a house near Parliament and by chance heard that a cellar beneath the buildings of Parliament was available to rent.
他搬入了议会附近的一栋房子,偶然听到议会建筑下方的地窖可以出租.
By night, the conspirators transported the gunpowder in a rowboat across the Thames from Catesby’s house to the cellar.
夜里,阴谋者用划艇将火药从Catesby家运送到地窖。
Guy Fawkes assumed a false identity and called himself John Johnson.
盖伊·福克斯假冒身份,自称"约翰·约翰逊".
Posing as the servant of Thomas Percy, he could move freely inside the buildings of Parliament without raising suspicion.
作为托马斯·珀西的仆人,他可以自由地在议会大厦内移动而无需引起怀疑.
His job was to take care of the thirty- six barrels of gunpowder concealed under coal and firewood in the basement.
他的工作是照顾隐藏在地下室煤和木柴下三六桶火药.
The opening of Parliament had been set for November 5, 1605.
议会的开幕定于1605年11月5日。
The plotters were ready.
策划者都准备好了
Some historians think that Guy Fawkes’s gunpowder was decayed and would not have actually exploded.
一些历史学家认为盖伊·福克斯的火药已经腐烂了,不会实际爆炸.
Caught!
抓起来!
A few days before the opening of Parliament, Lord Monteagle, a Catholic nobleman loyal to the king, received an anonymous letter.
在议会开幕前几天,忠于国王的天主教贵族蒙泰格尔勋爵收到了一封匿名信.
The letter warned him not to attend the Parliament on November 5 because something terrible was going to happen.
信中警告他不要出席11月5日的议会,因为事情即将发生.
Lord Monteagle showed the letter to the king’s first aide.
Monteagle勋爵向国王的第一位助手出示了这封信.
After he was informed of the plot, the king ordered a complete search of Parliament.
在得知了阴谋后,国王下令彻底搜查议会.
The search party found a large amount of firewood in the cellar, and a second search was ordered.
搜捕队在地窖中发现了大量的木柴,并下令进行第二次搜捕.
This time they found Fawkes in the basement with the fuses and matches he was hiding.
这次他们在地下室发现了有引信的法克斯和他藏匿的火柴.
They searched the cellar more thoroughly and finally discovered the thirty-six barrels of gunpowder.
他们更彻底地搜查了地窖,最终发现了36桶火药.
An excerpt from the anonymous letter sent to Lord Monteagle The guards had caught Guy Fawkes red- handed.
给蒙特格尔勋爵的匿名信摘录 守卫抓住了Guy Fawkes红手。
Fawkes tried to resist his arrest and fought his captors until they tied him up and brought him to the king’s chambers for questioning.
Fawkes试图抗拒他的逮捕,并与抓他的人进行斗争,直到他们把他捆绑起来,并把他带到国王的办公室审问.
Fawkes told the king’s guards that he had intended to blow up both the king and Parliament.
法克斯告诉国王的守卫,他本想炸毁国王和议会.
He insisted that he had acted alone and told the king he was only sorry that the plot had failed.
他坚持自己单独行动,并告诉国王,他只是对阴谋失败而感到遗憾.
Fawkes was imprisoned in the Tower of London.
Fawkes被囚禁在伦敦塔.
There is no proof of exactly what he endured while imprisoned, but by November 9, Fawkes had signed his name on his final confession.
没有证据证明他在入狱期间所忍受的一切,但到11月9日,福克斯在最后供述上签了名.
By then, he had revealed the details of the rebellion and the names of his fellow plotters.
到那时,他已经揭露了叛乱的细节和同党阴谋者的名字.
On the morning of November 5, word of Fawkes’s arrest had gotten back to the plotters.
11月5日上午, Fawkes 被捕的消息传回了策划者。
Robert Catesby and some of the conspirators were determined to continue with their plan to lead a rebellion against the government.
罗伯特·凯茨比和一些阴谋家决心继续他们的计划来领导一场反抗政府的叛乱.
Catesby’s small band of rebels stole horses at Warwick Castle, but the authorities pursued them.
凯茨比的一小撮叛军在沃里克城堡偷取了马匹,但被当局追赶.
On November 8, the king’s forces surrounded the rebels.
11月8日,国王的军队包围了叛军.
They fatally wounded Robert Catesby and three others, and imprisoned the rest of the men in the Tower of London.
他们致命地打伤了罗伯特·凯茨比等三人,并囚禁了其余的人在伦敦塔.
The English courts tried all eight surviving plotters for treason and sentenced each traitor to death.
英国法院以叛国罪审判了所有8名幸存的阴谋者,并判处了每个叛徒死刑.
In January 1606, Guy Fawkes and three of his fellow plotters were taken to the yard outside Parliament to be executed.
1606年一月,盖伊·福克斯和他的三个同党阴谋家被带入议会外的院子被处决.
The harshness of their punishment was a warning to anyone else who might have been plotting treason.
他们的严厉惩罚是对可能阴谋叛国的人的警告。
King James I later praised Guy Fawkes for his loyalty to his cause.
詹姆斯国王 我后来称赞了盖伊·福克斯对他的事业的忠诚.
Another Conspiracy?
又一个阴谋?
Some experts suggest that the Gunpowder Plot was an inside job—a plot by the king’s own ministers to convince him to make even harsher anti-Catholic laws.
有些专家认为"火药地"是内部工作——这是国王自己大臣的阴谋来说服他制定更严厉的反天主教法律.
In this version of events, it may have been the king’s chief minister who drafted the warning letter to Lord Monteagle.
在这个版本的事件中,可能是国王的首席部长起草给蒙特格尔勋爵的警告信.
How could the plotters have carried out their work right under the noses of the king’s guards?
策划者怎么能在国王的守卫的眼皮底下进行他们的工作呢?
Were the plotters used as scapegoats to raise support for an unpopular king?
策划者是不是被用来替一个不受欢迎的国王代罪羔羊?
There is no clear proof for this theory, but the discovery of the Gunpowder Plot brought the public relief that the king’s life had been saved.
这一理论并没有明确的证据,但"火药地"的发现使公众感到宽慰,认为国王的性命已经得到拯救.
The king announced that his survival was a miracle and proof of his divine right to the throne.
国王宣布他的生存是一个奇迹并证明了他拥有神圣的王位权利.
Parliament passed a law that same year to make November 5 an official annual day of celebration.
议会同年通过法律,将11月5日定为正式的年度庆祝日.
The festivities were intended to strengthen loyalty to the king.
庆会的目的是要加强对国王的忠诚.
The Legacy of the Plot The holiday was first known as Gunpowder Treason Day.
地图的后遗症 节日最早取名"火药叛国日".
Records from this time show that people rang church bells and lit bonfires.
这时的记录表明,人们敲响了教堂的钟并点燃了篝火.
In England, burning dummies of unpopular figures on bonfires was already a popular activity.
在英国,在篝火上焚烧不受欢迎的人物的哑弹已经是一种受欢迎的活动.
People believed that doing this would drive away evil spirits.
人们相信这样做会驱走邪恶的灵魂.
On November 5, people began to burn a dummy of Guy Fawkes on top of the bonfire.
11月5日,人们开始把盖伊·福克斯的假人活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活
Modern artwork celebrates Guy Fawkes Day.
现代艺术的庆祝 盖·福克日.
By the late nineteenth century, spectacular firework displays and torch-lit processions in towns and cities had become very popular.
到19世纪后期,城镇中壮观的活火活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活
The processions led to where the bonfire and firework displays were held.
游行队伍导致了篝火和烟花的展示会的举行.
Today, the bonfires are usually organized by local charities or municipal organizations.
今天,篝火通常由当地的慈善机构或市政组织组织.
Bonfire Parties Some parts of Britain have kept their own traditions when it comes to Bonfire Night.
交火派对 英国部分地区在"邦佛尔之夜"(Bonfire Night)上保留了自己的传统.
Lewes, in the south of England, has bonfire societies that date back to 1679.
在英格兰南部的利韦斯有可追溯到1679年的篝火会.
The participants wear elaborate costumes and carry torches through the streets.
参与者穿着精心设计的服装并携带火炬穿过街道.
Some towns choose to burn effigies of famous people who are unpopular with the public today rather than the traditional Guy Fawkes.
一些城镇选择烧掉今天不受公众欢迎的名人之物,而不是传统的Guy Fawkes.
Conclusion Guy Fawkes Day celebrates the failure of the Gunpowder Plot to kill the king of England over four hundred years ago.
盖伊·福克斯 日庆"火药地"四百多年前杀英王失败.
Today, millions of people in the United Kingdom continue to enjoy bonfires and special firework displays on November 5.
今天,英国有数百万人继续享受11月5日的篝火和特别的烟花会展.
Guy Fawkes Day has become a time to celebrate and have fun with friends and family.
Guy Fawkes Day成为了与朋友和家人一起庆祝和欢乐的时刻.
Guards prepare for their annual search of Parliament.
警卫准备每年搜索议会
Some Fiery Facts Once a year, guards traditionally search the houses of Parliament before the State Opening of Parliament.
一些狂热的事实 卫兵传统上每年在国家议会开幕前搜查议会的房屋.
They make sure there are no would-be plotters hiding in the cellars.
他们确保没有隐藏在地窖里的谋划者
Scientists from the Institute of Physics have calculated that the 2,500 kilograms (5,512 lb.)
物理研究所的科学家计算出2,500公斤(5,512磅).
of gunpowder hidden by the conspirators could have caused damage about 490 meters (536 yd.)
可能已经造成约490米(536yd.
from the center of the explosion.
从爆炸中心。
Guy Fawkes has an island in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, named after him, called Isla Guy Fawkes.
盖伊·福克(英语:Guy Fawkes)在厄瓜多尔加拉帕戈斯群岛有一座岛屿,以他的名字取名"盖伊·福克"(Isla Guy Fawkes).
Glossary anonymous (adj.)
匿名词汇(adj.)