The Great Hunger
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents The Emerald Isle.
{\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}能用翡翠岛的内涵
4 Hard Times.
4"难时".
5 A Horrible Discovery.
5 A恐怖发现.
6 First Winter.
6 第1个冬天。
8 Hope, Disaster, and Relief.
8 希望、灾难和救济。
10 Going to America.
10去美国。
12 Aftermath.
十二后发相.
14 Conclusion.
14 结论。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 The Emerald Isle Ireland, known as the Emerald Isle, is a beautiful island off northwestern Europe with rolling green hills, ancient castles, and windy shores.
16 爱尔兰翡翠岛(英語:Emerald Island Ireland)被称作"翡翠岛"(Emerald Island),是欧洲西北部外的一个美丽岛屿,有滚滚的绿地丘陵,古老的城堡和多风的海岸.
It has a colorful history and is famous for music, literature, and folklore.
其历史多彩,以音乐,文学,民俗而出名.
Some think of it as a magical land of elves, leprechauns, and faeries.
有人认为这是精灵,妖精,和花生的神奇之地.
Beyond its natural beauty, Ireland is a hardworking country whose economic health matches that of most of Western Europe.
除了自然美外,爱尔兰是一个勤奋工作的国家,其经济健康与西欧大多数地区相匹配。
Tourism remains a prime industry.
旅游业仍然是主要产业。
Over six million people travel to Ireland each year to see the beautiful countryside and places of historical interest.
每年有600多万人到爱尔兰去参观美丽的乡村和历史感兴趣的地方。
It hasn’t always been that way, however.
不过,
Hard Times Between 1800 and 1840, Ireland’s population increased by over 50%, to 8.
1800年至1840年间,爱尔兰的人口增加了50%以上,达到8.
5 million people.
五百万众生.
There was little industry to support so many people.
几乎没有工业支持这么多人。
While the island had been ruled by Britain for over a century and was a part of the United Kingdom, the Irish people did not have equal rights with the people of Britain.
虽然该岛被英国统治了一个多世纪,并且是英国的一部分,但爱尔兰人民并没有与英国人民平等的权利.
Most could not vote or hold public office, and few owned land.
大多数人不能投票或担任公职,拥有的土地很少。
Unlike Britain, Ireland did not have many factories where people could work.
与英国不同的是,爱尔兰并没有许多人们可以工作的工厂.
Most people farmed land that they leased from wealthy landlords who lived in Britain.
大多数人从住在英国的富裕地主那里租来的土地耕作.
Many farms were only the size of a few acres.
许多农场只有几英亩。
T enant farmers grew wheat or other grains to pay the rent, and they grew potatoes to feed their families.
Tenant农民种植小麦或其他谷物以支付租金,他们种植土豆以养活家人.
A Horrible Discovery Farmers made a horrible discovery as they went to their fields on a foggy, fall day in 1845.
一个可怕的发现地农民在1845年秋天在雾中去他们的地上时发现了一个可怕的发现。
The smell of decay filled the air, and the leaves of the potato plants were black and wilted.
腐烂的气味充斥了空气,而土豆植物的叶子是黑色而枯萎的.
The farmers dug desperately beneath the plants, only to discover that the potatoes were mushy.
农民们在植物下面拼命地挖出土豆 却发现土豆是黏糊糊的
Something had happened during the night.
晚上发生了一些事情
Some thought it was the unusually wet, cool weather that had killed the potatoes.
有些人认为是异常湿润而酷酷的天气杀死了土豆.
Others claimed it must have been tribes of warring faeries that had destroyed the crop.
其他人声称,一定是交战的外行部落摧毁了作物。
Some British people of the Protestant faith thought it was God’s punishment on the Irish people for their Catholic faith.
一些信奉新教的英国人认为这是上帝因爱尔兰人的天主教信仰而惩罚他们的行为.
V oyage of the Potato People often associate potatoes with Ireland, but the plant was originally grown in South America.
土豆人V的黄油常与爱尔兰相联,但该植物最初种植于南美洲.
The Spanish brought potatoes to Europe in the 1500s.
1500年代西班牙人将马铃薯带到了欧洲.
People depended on the potato crop for food; three million Irish people ate almost nothing but potatoes.
人们依靠土豆作物来取食;300万爱尔兰人几乎只吃土豆.
A farmer with an acre of land could grow enough potatoes to feed his family.
拥有一亩地的农民可以种植足够的土豆来养活他的家人.
Potatoes, which could be stored all winter, provided a nutritious diet when eaten with milk, cabbage, and fish.
马铃薯可以储存到整个冬天,在用牛奶,白菜和鱼来吃时提供有营养的饮食.
Now a third of the crop rotted in the ground, and struggling families worried about how they would survive until spring.
现在,三分之一的作物被腐烂在地上,挣扎着的家庭担心如何活到春天.
First Winter The landlords took the farmers’ grain as payment for rent.
第一个冬天 地主把农民的粮食作为房租。
Without potatoes, families had little to eat.
没有马铃薯, 家庭几乎没有食物。
They sold their livestock, furniture, and clothes to buy food.
他们卖了他们的牲畜、家具和衣服来购买食物。
The government opened large workhouses where desperate families could live in exchange for work.
政府开设了大型工作所,绝望的家庭可以在那里生活,以换取工作。
No one wanted to go to a workhouse for help.
没人想去工作室寻求帮助
Families worked long hours for a ragged bed and a little food, and no one could leave without permission.
家人长时间工作,要铺张床和吃点食物,任何人不得擅自离开。
The government bought Indian corn from America to help feed the hungry population, but people did not have a way to grind the hard, dry kernels into cornmeal, and some got sick from eating poorly cooked corn.
政府从美国购买了印度玉米来帮助给饥饿的人口提供食物,但人们没有办法将硬,干燥的内核磨成玉米米,有的还因吃不熟的玉米而生病.
Food got more expensive, and people became desperate to find a way to earn money.
食物变得更昂贵,人们变得绝望地想着找到赚钱的方法.
The government started public works projects, such as building roads and bridges to provide jobs.
政府开始了公共工程项目,例如修建道路和桥梁以提供就业机会.
The work was hard, and the pay was low.
工事艰辛,而工薪也低.
It took nearly five days of work to buy cornmeal to feed a family of six for three days.
花了将近五天的时间购买玉米粉来养活一家六口人,为期三天.
Still, men walked many miles and stood in long lines to get any work they could find.
然而,男人走了很多英里 站在长行道上 以获得任何他们能找到的工作。
Hope, Disaster, and Relief Finally the long winter ended, and farmers eagerly waited for the new potato crop.
希望、灾害和救济 最后漫长的冬天结束了,农民们热切地等待着新的马铃薯作物.
Disaster struck again in August, when three-fourths of the crop failed.
8月再次发生灾害,作物的四分之三未能收成。
Desperate families had nothing left to sell, the workhouses were crowded, and a long winter with no food loomed ahead.
绝望的家庭无所可卖,工作室拥挤不堪,一个没有食物的漫长冬天即将到来。
Families like ten-year-old Michael O’Kane’s had no choice but to go to the workhouse because his father, a farm laborer, could find no work.
10岁这样的家庭 Michael O-Kane别无选择,只能去工作室,因为他的父亲是农场工人,找不到工作。
Michael, his parents, two brothers, and three sisters walked hours to the workhouse from Killylea (kih-lee-LA Y) Village in September of 1847.
迈克尔,他的父母,两个兄弟,以及三个姐妹于1847年9月从基利莱(英语:Killylea (kih-lee-LA Y))村步行数小时到工作所.
He had to live with the boys and men in a separate area away from his mother and sisters.
他不得不与男孩和男人居住在远离他母亲和姐妹的另外一个地区。
He went to school in the morning and then whitewashed walls or cleaned pigpens all afternoon.
他早上上学,下午整日洗白墙或打扫猪笼草.
His youngest sister, Bridget, died over the winter.
他最小的妹妹布里奇特在冬季去世.
Diseases spread easily, especially in the workhouses.
疾病很容易传播,特别是在工作场所。
Even more people died of typhus and cholera than died of starvation.
死于伤寒和霍乱的人比死于饥饿的人还要多。
Despite the obvious need, many officials and landowners in Britain ignored all pleas for help or relief plans.
尽管有明显的需要,英国的许多官员和地主无视所有求助或救济计划的请求.
Grain was exported to other countries rather than kept to help Irish farmers.
谷物被出口到其他国家,而不是用来帮助爱尔兰农民.
Other people wanted to help.
有人想帮忙
The British Relief Association and the Society of Friends (Quakers) raised money for relief.
英国救济会和朋友会(贵格会)筹集了救济资金.
Irish immigrants in America sent money to help family and friends.
美国的爱尔兰移民寄出钱来帮助家人和朋友.
Soup kitchens opened, and each day up to three million men, women, and children stood outside in long lines for a bowl of soup and a piece of bread.
汤厨房开通,每天多达300万男女老幼站出长排外取一碗汤和一分面包.
It was not nearly enough.
这还不够。
Going to America Every penny a family had was spent for food, so there was nothing left to pay the overdue rent on their farm.
去美国 一个家庭的每分钱都花在了食物上,所以没有剩下的钱来支付他们农场的逾期租金.
Some landlords gave money or grain to their starving tenants, but it was only a temporary help.
一些地主把钱或谷物送给了他们挨饿的租户,但这只是暂时的帮助.
Other landowners evicted families from their homes, then tore down or burned the empty houses to avoid paying taxes on them.
其他地主将家庭赶出了自己的家园,然后将空地的房屋撕毁或烧毁来避免向他们纳税.
Driven from their country by hopeless conditions, hundreds of thousands of Irish people crowded onto ships bound for the United States or Canada, leaving their Irish homeland forever.
数十万爱尔兰人因无望而被迫离开祖国,挤上前往美国或加拿大的船只,永远离开他们的爱尔兰家园。
It was a difficult journey because a ship took forty days to cross the Atlantic Ocean, even when the weather was good.
这是一个艰难的旅程,因为一艘舰只花了40天时间才穿越大西洋,即使天气良好.
Many of the ships carrying the Irish emigrants were called “coffin” ships.
许多运载爱尔兰移民的船只被称为 " 咖啡 " 船。
Passengers were packed below deck, where disease spread in the overcrowded, filthy conditions.
乘客被打包到甲板下方,疾病在拥挤,肮脏的条件下蔓延.
There often was not enough food, water, or blankets for the passengers.
乘客往往没有足够的食物、水或毯子。
Many died, and many of those who survived arrived in America sick and weak.
许多人已经死亡,许多幸存下来的人病倒地来到了美国.
Aftermath The potato blight was over by 1852, but Ireland was changed forever.
后宫 1852年"马铃薯花"结束,但爱尔兰永远被改变.
A million people had died, and over a million had emigrated.
100万人已死亡,100多万人已移居国外。
Many people who stayed in Ireland were homeless and jobless.
许多留在爱尔兰的人无家可归并失业.
The landlords could not make money, so they sold the land for other purposes or simply abandoned it rather than pay high taxes.
地主无法赚钱,于是将地卖给了其他用途,或者干脆放弃了土地,而不是缴纳高额税.
With no land and no jobs, many Irish people continued to emigrate over the next decades.
由于没有土地和工作,许多爱尔兰人在未来几十年里继续移民.
By 1861, the population of Ireland had dropped from over 8.
到1861年,爱尔兰人口已经从超过8人减少.
5 million to 5 million; more than one in three people were gone.
500万至500万;三分之一以上的人失踪。
Ten years later, the population had dropped even further to 4.
十年后,人口进一步下降到4人。
5 million.
五百万块
Many Irish people blamed Britain, the most powerful country in the world at that time, for not helping more.
许多爱尔兰人指责当时世界上最强大的国家英国没有帮助更多.
This bitterness would help fuel the revolution that finally split Ireland into two countries in 1922.
这种苦恼会助长1922年爱尔兰最终分裂为两个国家的革命.
The Two Irelands Since 1922, the island of Ireland has been divided into two countries.
自1922年起,爱尔兰岛被分出为两个国家.
The independent Republic of Ireland is in the south.
独立的爱尔兰共和国位于南部.
Northern Ireland is still part of the United Kingdom.
北爱尔兰仍然是联合王国的一部分。
Ireland’s population soars by 50% between 1800 and 1840, but employment remains limited.
爱尔兰的人口在1800至1840年间猛增了50%,但就业仍然有限.
Struggling rural families depend on potatoes as their main food source.
困难的农村家庭依靠土豆作为主要食物来源。