Giant Insects
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents The World’s Biggest Beetle.
内容列表 世界最大的贝托.
4 What Kind of Beetle?
4 什么贝多?
6 The Scarab Family.
6 斯卡拉布家族。
9 An African Home.
9 非洲家园。
11 The Cycle of Life.
11 生命的循环。
13 Fleet and Fascinating.
13 分舰队和迷幻。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 How Big Is It?
16号有多大?
Goliath beetle larva length: 5 inches (12.
高丽甲虫幼虫长度: 5英寸(12.
7 cm) weight: 3.
7厘米)重量: 3 (中文(简体) ).
5 ounces (99.
5盎司(99.
2 g) Human hand length: 7.
(单位:千美元) 人手长度: 7. 联合国
44 inches (18.
44英寸 (18.
89 cm) width:3.
89cm)宽:3.
3 inches (8.
3英寸(8.
4 cm) Goliath beetle length: 4.
4厘米)高丽甲虫长度: 4. 国家
33 inches (10.
33英寸 (10.
99 cm) weight: 1.
99厘米)重量: 1. 联合国
7 ounces (48.
7盎司(48.
2 g) The World’s Biggest Beetle There are about a million species of known insects in the world, and nearly half of them are beetles.
(单位:千美元) 世界最大的黄蜂 世界上已知昆虫约有一百万种,其中近一半是甲虫.
Goliath beetles may belong to the most common insect category on the planet, but don’t let that fool you—these beetles are anything but common.
Goliath甲虫可能属于地球上最常见的昆虫类,
Goliaths are swift-moving and solitary insects.
高丽是快速移动和孤独的昆虫。
We are still learning a lot about them because they can be challenging to find and study.
我们仍然在学习关于它们的许多知识,因为它们可能难以找到和学习。
We do know that Goliath beetles are more than two thousand times as large as their ladybug cousins and are even bigger when they are younger.
我们确实知道,高丽甲虫的体型是其母虫表弟的2千多倍,更年轻时更大.
Developing Goliaths (larvae) weigh nearly twice as much as adults, so it’s no wonder these beetles are the heavyweight champs of the insect world and all-around amazing insects.
因此难怪这些甲虫是昆虫世界的重量级冠军,
Fossils from three hundred million years ago show evidence of mammoth centipedes and dragonflies with gigantic, hawk-sized wingspans.
三亿年前的化石 显示有巨型鹰形翼展的长毛虫和蜻蜓
Earth’s atmosphere contains less oxygen now than it did millions of years ago, and insects and other animals with less advanced circulatory systems can’t deliver oxygen throughout their bodies efficiently.
与数百万年前相比, 地球大气中含氧量已经减少, 而昆虫和其他循环系统较不先进的动物 无法有效地将氧气送入全身。
Goliath bodies, therefore, simply can’t grow as large as they did in prehistoric times when there was more oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere.
因此,高丽人的身体无法像史前那样长出更大的体型,当时地球大气层中氧气较多。
A few present-day beetles out measure the Goliath beetle.
少数现今甲虫出量高丽甲虫.
The Hercules beetle can grow to 7 inches (18 cm) long, including 4 inches (10 cm) of horn.
海克力斯甲虫可长到7英寸(18厘米)长,包括4英寸(10厘米)角.
The rhinoceros beetle is 6 inches (15.
犀角甲虫为6英寸(15.
24 cm) long, with most of its length also attributed to the enormous horns growing on its head.
24cm)长,其长度也多由头部生长出巨大的角而来.
In comparison, the Goliath beetle is about 4 inches (10 cm) long, but other beetles can’t compete with the Goliath’s hefty body weight— a whopping 1.
相较之下,高丽甲虫体长约4英寸(10厘米),但其他甲虫无法与高丽甲虫体重相竞争——一发一发.
7 ounces (48.
7盎司(48.
2 g)!
2克) (简体中文).
What Kind of Beetle?
什么种类的贝多?
The name Goliath beetle encompasses six separate, related types of beetles, but telling them apart can be challenging.
歌利亚甲虫(Goliath beetle)这个名字包含了6个独立的,相关的甲虫类型,但将它们分开说可能会有挑战性.
Even within a single Goliath beetle species, no two beetles’ markings are identical.
即使在一个歌利亚甲虫物种中,没有两个甲虫的标记是相同的。
In fact, individual beetles can look so different from one another that early naturalists mistakenly named over two dozen varieties, thinking each was a separate species.
事实上,个体甲虫的外观可能很不一样,以至于早期的自然学家错误地给20多个品种取名,认为每个品种都是单独的物种.
They actually discovered that these “unique specimens” were different examples of the six types of Goliath beetles.
他们实际上发现,这些“独特的标本”是Goliath甲虫六种种类的不同例子。
Six Types of Goliath Beetles Beetles come in all shapes and sizes, but Goliath beetles are the heavyweight champs!
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Early British naturalists named Goliath beetles “zebra beetles” because of the striking black-and- white stripes and other markings on the beetles’ bodies.
早期的英国自然学家将高丽甲虫命名为"斑马甲虫",因为甲虫体内有出人意料的黑白条纹等标志.
Scientists suspect that the bold patterns might actually make it difficult for enemies—and researchers—to spot Goliath beetles in the wild.
科学家怀疑这种大胆的模式可能实际上使敌人——和研究人员——难以在野外发现高丽甲虫.
The markings break up the outline of a beetle’s body, making it harder to detect against a leafy background.
这些标记打破了甲虫身体的轮廓,使得在有叶的背景下更难被检测出.
All beetles share certain physical characteristics, including two pairs of wings.
所有甲虫都具有一定的物理特征,包括两对翅膀.
The hind wings, or flying wings, are dark in color; they look leathery but are actually thin and membranous.
后翅,或作飞翅,颜色为暗色;外观为皮质,但实际上为薄而多忧.
The hind wings are surprisingly powerful and can support a beetle’s full body weight in flight.
后翅出人意料地强大,能支撑甲虫在飞行中的全部体重.
Beetles’ front wings, called elytra, are smaller, harder, and stronger than the flying wings and form protective “armor” that completely covers the folded hind wings when not in use.
Beetles的前翅被称作elytra,比起飞翅更小更硬更坚固并形成保护"装甲",在不使用时完全覆盖了折叠后翼.
In many beetles, the elytra help protect the body as well.
在许多甲虫中,埃利特拉也帮助保护了身体.
Some insect species have mouths that have adapted for different ways of eating and drinking.
一些昆虫物种有适应不同吃喝方式的口.
Goliath beetles do drink sap; however, their mouths are more suited for chewing rather than sipping nectar (like a butterfly) or piercing skin (like a mosquito).
高丽甲虫确实会饮用 sap;然而,它们的口更适合咀嚼而不是喝花蜜(如蝴蝶)或穿皮(如蚊子).
Many smaller beetle species can be found on flowers, where they feed on pollen or petals.
在花上可以发现许多更小的甲虫物种,它们以花粉或花瓣为食.
Goliath beetles weigh too much to be supported by flowers, though, so scientists think these supersized insects probably don’t feed on them.
因此科学家认为这些超大型的昆虫可能不会以它们为食。
Instead, with the help of sharp claws (called tarsi), they climb trees to feed on tree sap and rotting fruit.
相反地,在锋利的爪子(被称作"芋")的帮助下,他们爬上树木来以树苗和腐烂的水果为食.
What Makes a Goliath Beetle an Insect?
高丽贝多是什么?
All insects have • wings • legs with joints (most have six legs) • three main body parts: head, thorax, and abdomen • an outside skeleton Antennae can unfold to improve the beetle’s ability to sense its environment.
· 所有昆虫有翅膀 • 有关节的腿(大多数有六条腿) • 有三个主要身体部分:头部、胸口和腹部 • 外骨架 天线可以展开以提高甲虫感知其环境的能力.
Hardened wings protect the delicate flying wings.
硬翼会保护微妙的飞翼.
Male Goliath beetles have Y-shaped horns used for battle.
雄性高丽甲虫有Y形角用于战斗.
Sharp claws give Goliath beetles a strong grip for climbing.
锋利的爪子使高丽人甲虫有很强的攀爬力.
The Scarab Family There are more than one hundred different families of beetles.
斯卡拉布家族 甲虫有一百多个不同的家庭.
In scientific terms, an animal family is a group that shares similar characteristics.
在科学上,动物家族是一个具有类似特征的群体.
Scientists think members of beetle family groups are descended from a common ancestor that lived hundreds of millions of years ago.
科学家们认为甲虫家族群体的成员是从一个共同的祖先所生下来,这个祖先在上亿年前就已经生存了.
Goliath beetles belong to the scarab beetle family, a group that also includes rhinoceros beetles and dung beetles.
高丽甲虫属(学名:Scarab beetle)是爵床目甲虫科下的一个属,又包括犀牛甲虫和粪便甲虫.
You might think that giant beetles would be slow and clumsy, but that’s hardly the case.
你可能会认为那巨型甲虫会很慢和笨拙,但情况并非如此。
In fact, Goliath beetles are such acrobatic flyers that early insect collectors had to shoot them out of the sky to get a look at them!
事实上,高丽甲虫是这么杂技活泼的传单,早期的昆虫采集者不得不从天上将它们射出来看看!
Even today, entomologists have trouble getting near enough to Goliath beetles in the wild to observe their behavior.
即使在今天,昆虫学家也难以接近野外的高丽甲虫来观察他们的行为.
“They are very difficult to observe in nature,” says insect specialist Dr.
昆虫专家Dr.
Brett Ratcliffe.
布莱特·拉特克利夫
Goliath beetles may owe their speed to their specially modified elytra.
高丽甲虫可能因为它们经过特制的伊利特拉而欠了它们的速度.
Unlike some other types of beetles, Goliaths can unfold their flying wings without moving their wing covers out of the way first, which scientists think helps them take flight more quick ly.
与其他一些种类的甲虫不同,高丽人可以在不首先移动翅膀被子出道的情况下展开飞翼,科学家认为这能帮助他们更快地飞行.
All beetles use their antennae to detect odors, chemicals, and other sensory information in their environment.
所有甲虫都使用天线来检测其环境中的臭味,化学品等感官信息.
However, Goliath and other scarab beetles’ antennae have a shape all their own—one that experts think boosts their sensitivity.
然而,戈利亚特和其他有伤风化的甲虫的天线都有它们自己的形状——一种专家认为能提高它们的敏感性的天线。
Separate, overlapping segments at the ends of their antennae can open like a fan.
它们的天线末端相接而相重叠的片段可以像扇子一样打开.
The enlarged antennae’s surface area increases the beetles’ ability to detect food and feeding sites, pick up smells, and even find a mate.
扩大的天线的地表面积提高了甲虫探测食物和喂食地点、取出气味甚至找到配体的能力。
This is similar to how you can feel something with your whole hand better than you can with your fingertip.
这类似于你用整个手感觉的东西比用指尖感觉更好.
Goliath Beetle Antennae Scarab beetles are the only beetles whose antennae open up to increase their ability to sense things around them.
高丽贝多·安特纳·斯卡拉布甲虫是唯一的甲虫,它们的天线会打开来提高它们感知周围事物的能力.
Beetle Cold Case X-rays recently proved that holes in the remains of a beetle in a London museum display were actually gunshot wounds.
Beetle 冷壳 X光最近证明,伦敦博物馆展出的一个甲虫遗骸上的洞实际上是枪伤.
On the basis of the locations of the entry and exit wounds, the scientist reported that the beetle was shot while flying upside down!
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An African Home Goliath beetles live in tropical African rainforests and savannas, which are warm year- round with a dry season that lasts several months of every year.
非洲家园高丽甲虫生活在热带的非洲雨林和草原中,这些雨林和草原是温暖的全年,旱季每年持续几个月.
Goliath beetles are primarily seen during the wet season, when heavy rainfall creates warm, humid conditions perfect for plant growth.
高丽甲虫主要出现在潮湿的季节,当时暴雨会形成适合植物生长的温暖而潮湿的条件.
That’s excellent news for Goliath beetles since trees at this time of year produce abundant fruit and sap for them to eat.
这对歌利亚甲虫来说是好消息, 因为每年这个时候,
There are also ample leaves where Goliath beetles can take cover from predators that might enjoy a crunchy beetle snack.
还有丰富的叶子 戈利亚甲虫可以从捕食者那里取出掩护 捕食者可能喜欢吃一粒冰冻的甲虫小吃
It’s not known which types of animals consider Goliath beetles prey, but some experts think that monkeys and large birds might eat Goliaths if they can catch them.
但有些专家认为, 猴子和大型鸟类若能捕捉到它们,
These speedy flyers do such a good job of hiding in treetops that no one knows for sure.
这些快速的传单 做了这样好的工作 隐藏在树上, 没有人确定。
Socially, Goliath beetles occasionally gather on tree trunks and branches where food is plentiful.
在社会上,高丽甲虫偶尔会聚集在食物充裕的树干和树枝上.
Normally, unless they are looking for a mate, Goliaths seem to prefer spending most of their time on their own.
通常情况下,除非他们正在寻找伴侣,高丽人似乎更喜欢自己花大部分时间.
“They are not social insects,” says Dr.
“他们不是社会昆虫。”
Ratcliffe.
拉特克利夫(英语:Ratcliffe).
Male Goliath beetles fiercely defend their feeding sites against intruders.
雄性高丽甲虫猛烈地防御它们的食用地来抵御入侵者.
The heads of all male Goliaths are equipped with Y-shaped horns, which they use to push away other males.
所有雄性高丽人的头部都配有Y形角,用来将其他雄性赶走.
Their reason for battling is about more than just food.
他们打架的原因 不仅仅是食物
Entomologists suspect that staking a claim to the best feeding sites gives males a better chance of attracting females.
昆虫学家怀疑,对最佳喂养地点提出权利要求,使雄性有更好的机会吸引雌性.
The Cycle of Life The wet and dry seasons define the life cycle of the Goliath beetle.
生命周期 潮湿干燥的季节决定了高丽甲虫的生命周期.
These seasons occur during different months, depending on the exact location.
这些季节在不同月间发生,具体地点不同.
Like other beetles, Goliaths go through a complete metamorphosis, including egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages.
与其他甲虫一样,高丽人也经历了完整的变形,包括蛋,幼虫,幼虫和成年相.
Goliath beetles devote most of their adult lives to mating.
高丽甲虫将成年后的大部分时间用于交配.
Afterward, when a female Goliath beetle is ready to lay eggs, she uses her wedge- shaped head to dig a burrow deep into the rainforest soil.
之后,当一只雌性高丽甲虫准备下蛋时,她会用她被楔形的头来挖出深入雨林土壤的地洞.
She lays her eggs—often more than one hundred—underground and dies shortly afterward.
她产下卵 -- -- 往往有100多颗 -- -- 之后不久就死去。
Her job is done.
她的工作已经完成了
The Goliath young remain underground for the next several months.
歌利亚的年轻人在接下来的几个月里仍然留在地下.
Goliath beetle eggs hatch after about two weeks, when the young larvae, sometimes called grubs, emerge.
高丽甲虫卵在大约两周后孵出后,幼虫(有时被叫作"gr")出现.
Eyeless and wingless, they spend all their time eating and growing.
无眼而无翼,花一日而取食而生.
No one knows exactly what Goliath larvae eat in the wild, but they most likely feed on rotting plant matter found in the soil.
没有人确切知道高丽幼虫在野外吃什么,但他们最有可能以土壤中发现的腐烂植物物质为食.
In captivity, however, the larvae also eat smaller beetle larvae and adult insects.
然而在被囚禁期间,幼虫也吃较小的甲虫幼虫和成年昆虫.
Goliath larvae grow quickly, reaching full size in about four months, near the end of the wet season.
高丽幼虫生长迅速,约4个月后就达到全尺寸,接近湿季末.
The larger species can grow up to 5 inches (12.
较大的物种可以长到5英寸(12.
7 cm) in length—nearly as long as a dollar bill—and weigh a whopping 3.
7公分),长度相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相距相相距相距相相距相距相距相
5 ounces (100 g).
5盎司(100克).
When the wet season ends, the larvae burrow deeper underground until they reach sandy soil.
当湿季结束时,幼虫会潜入更深的地下,直到到达有沙质的土壤.
There, they use the soil to build thin-walled “cells,” similar to butterfly cocoons, in which they enter the pupal stage.
在那里,它们利用土壤来建立与蝴蝶茧相类似的薄壁"细胞",在其中它们进入了木偶阶段.
Metamorphosis occurs inside these cells over the next several months during the dry season.
在今后几个月干燥季节,这些细胞内发生变形。
Wings and legs form and fold into place.
翅膀和腿形成并折叠成正位.
The outside of a pupa’s body hardens into a protective shell.
木偶身体的外表会硬化成保护壳.
The new adult hibernates inside the earthen cell until the following wet season starts.
新的成人冬眠在地细胞内,直到接下来的湿季开始.
When moisture seeps deep enough into the soil to reach the hibernating beetle, it awakens, emerges from the soil, and begins the cycle again.
当水分渗入土壤深到能到达休眠甲虫时会觉醒,从土壤中涌出,再开始循环.
Eggs Larva 1 (after hatching) Larva 2 (after 1st molt) Larva 3 (after 2nd molt) Pupa Adult Goliath Beetle Life Cycle During the pupal stage, the larva sheds its outer skin.
卵子 Larva 1 (孵出后) Larva 2 (一摩尔特后) Larva 3 (二摩尔特后) Pupa 成年高丽蜂的生命周期 在幼虫阶段,幼虫会出出外皮.
Wings and legs form.
翅膀和腿会形成。
Fleet and Fascinating The speedy Goliath beetle is an elusive giant—hard to spot and even harder to catch.
舰队与迷幻 迅速的戈利亚甲虫是一种难以捉摸的巨型甲虫,难以发现,更难以捕捉。
However, its bold stripes and immense size make it a favorite with insect enthusiasts.
然而,它的大胆条纹和巨大的体型使它成为了昆虫爱好者所喜爱的.
Some fans even keep Goliath beetles as pets.
有的球迷甚至将高丽甲虫作为宠物.
That’s fortunate for scientists, who owe much of their knowledge of Goliath beetles to the study of captive insects.
这对科学家来说是幸运的, 他们把对高丽甲虫的大部分知识 都归功于对被俘昆虫的研究。
Big as a songbird, striped like a zebra, and agile as an aerial acrobat, the Goliath beetle is one amazing insect!
大相如歌鸟,被条纹如斑马;快相如空中杂技,高丽甲虫是一出惊人的昆虫!
Glossary captivity (n.)
术语夹 (n.)
the state of being confined or without freedom (p.
被限制或没有自由的状况(p.
14) circulatory the body systems that move blood systems (n.)
14)循环运动血液系统的身体系统(n.
or another fluid throughout the body (p.
或整个体内的其他液体(p.
5) elusive (adj.)
(5) 难以捉摸(adj.)
difficult to capture or find (p.
难以捕捉或找到(p.
15) entomologists (n.)
15) 昆虫学家 (n.
scientists who study insects (p.
研究昆虫的科学家(p.
9) larval (adj.)
9) 幼虫 (adj.
having the immature form of an animal that goes through major body changes before it looks like an adult of its kind (p.
拥有一种不成熟的动物形态,在它看起来像成人之前会经历重大的身体变化(p.
13) metamorphosis (n.)
13) 变形(n.
an animal’s change from one shape to a totally different shape (p.
动物从一个形状变为完全不同的形状(p.
13) modified (adj.)
13)修改(adj.
of or relating to something that has changed (p.
或与已改变的事物有关(p.
10) naturalists (n.)
10) 自然学家 (n.
people who study nature and natural history, especially plants and animals (p.
研究自然和自然历史,特别是动植物(p.
6) pupal (adj.)
6）蛹期的（形容词）
of or relating to an immature insect in the stage between larva and adult (p.
幼虫与成年虫(p.
13) scarab (n.)
13）圣甲虫（名词）
a type of large beetle with a hard shell that is often black (p.
有硬壳常为黑色(p.
9) solitary (adj.)
9) 单独(adj.
tending to live or spend time alone (p.
倾向于独自生活或花时间(p.
4) species (n.)
4)物种 (n.
a group of living things that are physically similar and can reproduce (p.
一组在身体上相似并可以繁殖活物(p.
4) Goliaths can be almost as large as a human hand (top).
4)高丽人可以和人手(上)差不多大.
Beetles fly quickly and can be hard to catch (bottom).
甲虫会飞得很快,而且可能难以捕捉(下方).