George Washington
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Taking the Oath as President.
以宣誓会为主席的目录。
4 Farming Mount Vernon.
4 养活弗农山.
5 America’s Revolution.
5美国革命.
7 The First President.
7 第一主席。
11 A Hero Retires.
11 A英雄退职.
13 Father of His Country.
13 国父.
14 Glossary.
14 词汇表。
16 took the oath of office as America’s first president on April 30, 1789.
16人于1789年4月30日宣誓就任美国首任总统.
Taking the Oath as President George Washington had been a farmer, a military officer, and an army general, and now he was about to be inaugurated as president of the United States.
以乔治·华盛顿总统的身份宣誓就职,当时是农民,军官和陆军将领,现在他即将出任美国总统.
The scene was Federal Hall in New York City.
现场是纽约市的联邦大厅.
Robert Livingston, the highest judge in New York, stepped toward Washington with a Bible in hand.
罗伯特·利文斯顿(Robert Livingston),纽约的最高法官,带着一本"圣经"走向了华盛顿.
Washington placed his hand on it and recited: I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States.
华盛顿将手放在上面并诵读: 我郑重宣誓,我将忠实地执行美国总统的职务,并将尽我所能维护,保护和捍卫"美国宪法".
The onlooking crowd cheered enthusiastically.
观众热烈欢呼
George Washington was now officially the president of the United States of America.
乔治·华盛顿现在正式出任美国总统.
Farming Mount Vernon On February 22, 1732, George Washington was born to Augustine and Mary Ball Washington.
1732年2月22日,乔治·华盛顿生于奥古斯丁和玛丽·鲍尔·华盛顿.
From the time he was three, George and his family lived at Mount Vernon, their estate in Virginia, where George’s father worked as a farmer.
从他三岁起,乔治和家人就住在他们在弗吉尼亚州的地产弗农山上,乔治的父亲在那里做农活.
The elder Washington died when George was just eleven years old.
长者华盛顿在乔治才十一岁的时候就去世了.
Luckily for young George, his older half brother Lawrence looked after him and raised him.
幸运的是年轻的乔治,他的同父异母的哥哥劳伦斯照顾他并抚养他.
George was not particularly well educated and learned more from doing things, especially his daily tasks at Mount Vernon.
乔治没有特别受过良好的教育,在做事情时学到了更多的知识,特别是他在弗农山的日常任务.
He gained practical life lessons such as how to tend a field of crops.
他学到了实用的生活教训,比如如何种植一个农作物田地.
By the time George was twenty years old, he was in charge of Mount Vernon.
到了乔治二十岁时,他掌管了弗农山.
It was a lot of work, but it suited him; he loved farming and would farm Mount Vernon for the next twenty years.
虽然做了很多活,但适合他;他喜欢耕作,并将在接下来的二十年里耕种弗农山.
George Washington may have loved being a farmer, but he was also interested in the military.
乔治·华盛顿也许喜欢当农民,但他也对军队感兴趣.
The events of the day would provide him with an opportunity to serve.
当天的事件将为他提供服役的机会。
In the 1700s, each of thirteen colonies was ruled by the British, and each colony had its own militia.
1700年代,13个殖民地各由英国人统治,每个殖民地都有自己的民兵.
Washington served as an officer in the Virginia militia beginning in 1752.
华盛顿从1752年开始在弗吉尼亚民兵中担任军官.
A conflict known as the French and Indian War would soon challenge him.
一场被称为"法印战争"的冲突很快会挑战他.
During the French and Indian War, George Washington gained a reputation as a brave and demanding commander.
在法印战争期间,乔治·华盛顿获得了一位勇敢而要求很高的指挥官的名声.
Great Britain was upset that the French were expanding their reach in North America.
大不列颠对法国人正在北美扩张势力感到不快.
A general sent Washington to reason with them.
一个将军派华盛顿去跟他们讲道理
Eventually a war broke out with the French, who refused to stop.
最终与法国人爆发了战争,法国人拒绝停止.
Native Americans joined the French side, adding to their forces.
美洲原住民加入了法国方面,增加了他们的势力.
Washington commanded the Virginia militia on the British side and gained a reputation as a fine military commander.
华盛顿在英国方面指挥了弗吉尼亚民兵,并获得了出色的军事指挥官的声誉.
At the end of the French and Indian War, the British were victorious.
法印战争后期,英军取得胜利.
After the war’s end, Washington retired to Mount Vernon and married a wealthy Virginia widow named Martha Dandridge Custis.
战争结束后,华盛顿退休到弗农山,并嫁给了一位名叫玛莎·丹德里奇·克斯蒂斯的富翁弗吉尼亚寡妇.
Martha’s family owned thousands of acres of land and more than three hundred slaves.
玛莎家族拥有上千亩地皮和三百多名奴隶.
Although Washington became a slave owner by marriage, he personally opposed slavery.
虽然华盛顿通过婚姻成为了奴隶主,但他个人反对奴隶制.
He wrote in his will that he wanted his slaves to be freed upon Martha’s death.
他在遗嘱中写道,他希望他的奴隶在玛莎死后被释放.
When Washington died before Martha, she freed them.
当华盛顿在玛莎之前去世时,她释放了他们.
America’s Revolution Life in the British colonies in the late 1700s was challenging.
1700年代后期美国在英国殖民地的革命生活充满了挑战.
Britain had passed a number of laws forcing the colonists to pay high taxes on goods such as tea and paper.
英国通过了一些法律,迫使殖民者对茶叶和纸张等商品缴纳高额税.
Washington and other colonial leaders were frustrated and decided to make plans to resist.
华盛顿等殖民地领导人感到沮丧,决定制定抵抗计划.
In 1774, colonists chose delegates from the colonies to attend a secret meeting, called the First Continental Congress, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where Washington supported a plan to take military action against the British if they continued.
1774年,殖民者从殖民地中挑选出代表参加了在宾夕法尼亚州费城举行的名为"第一次大陆大会"的秘密会议,华盛顿在会议上支持了如果英国人继续采取军事行动的计划.
Desire for revolution was already rumbling, and in April 1775 colonial armies fired the first shots of the American Revolution.
对革命的渴望已经一去不复返,1775年4月,殖民军队向美国革命发动了第一次枪战.
The next month, the delegates held the Second Continental Congress, at which Washington and the delegates agreed that it was time to fight.
次月,与会代表召开第二届大陆大会,华盛顿和与会代表一致认为该打起来.
Washington was appointed commander in chief of the new Continental Army on July 3, 1775.
1775年7月3日被华盛顿任命为新大陆军总司令.
During his first months as leader, he strengthened his army with more ammunition and won early battles against the British.
在他担任领袖的头几个月里,他用更多的弹药加强了他的军队,并赢得了对英军的早期战斗.
Washington’s first major military action was in March 1776, when he drove the British army out of Boston and into New York.
华盛顿的第一次重大军事行动是在1776年3月,当时他把英国军队赶出了波士顿并进入了纽约.
The break from Britain became official on July 4, 1776, when the Declaration of Independence was signed.
1776年7月4日"独立宣言"签署后,与英国断交成为正式.
ATLANTIC OCEAN Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Maryland Delaware New York City Philadelphia Morristown from Halifax June 29, 1776 from New York City Aug.
纽约 宾夕法尼亚 马里兰 特拉华 纽约市 费城 来自哈利法克斯的莫里斯敦(Morristown)1776年6月29日来自纽约市奥克.
25, 1777 Valley Forge 1.
25, 1777 谷地福尔格 1.
Long Island Aug.
长岛奥古.
White Plains Oct.
白平原十月报.
Trenton Dec.
特伦顿Dec.
Princeton Jan.
普林斯顿扬.
Brandywine Sept.
(原始内容存档于2017-10-12). Brandywine September.
Germantown Oct.
德城十月报.
Monmouth June 28, 1778 Battles In and Near New Jersey, 1776–1777 • •• • British troops Colonial troops 0 50 miles That summer, Washington’s army suffered a humiliating defeat in Long Island, New York.
1778年6月28日 蒙茅斯战役 1776–1777 英国军队 殖民军 0 50英里 当年夏天,华盛顿的军队在纽约长岛遭受了屈辱的失败.
The British captured and killed thousands of Washington’s men and forced Washington to retreat.
英国人俘虏并杀害了数千名华盛顿人并迫使华盛顿撤退.
However, late in 1776, while the enemy camped in Trenton, New Jersey, Washington led a surprise attack.
然而,1776年末,当敌人在新泽西州特伦顿扎营时,华盛顿领导了一次出击.
In the middle of a pitch-black Christmas night, the Continental Army rowed across the Delaware River and won a crucial victory.
在一个投出黑色的圣诞之夜中,大陆军划过特拉华河并赢得了关键的胜利.
It was the enemy’s turn to retreat—all the way back to New York.
敌军现在应该撤退,
At Valley Forge, the lack of support from the government resulted in few supplies and near starvation.
在福热谷,由于政府缺乏支持,导致补给很少,几乎饿死.
Indian war to the British, had been keeping an eye on the conflict.
印度对英国的战争 一直关注着这场冲突
They decided to join forces with the colonists.
他们决定同殖民者联手.
The help of the French would make a key difference in the war’s outcome.
法国人的帮助将会对战争的结果产生关键的影响.
Washington, however, was still being challenged farther south.
然而,华盛顿仍受到更南端的挑战。
General Howe captured the colonial capital city of Philadelphia on September 26, 1777.
豪将军于1777年9月26日攻克了殖民首都费城.
Washington and his men had no choice but to retreat to nearby Valley Forge.
华盛顿和他的手下别无选择,只能撤退到附近的谷地福吉.
They endured a cold, harsh winter without enough food or supplies.
他们忍受了寒冷而严酷的冬天,没有足够的食物或供应。
Some three thousand men deserted Washington’s army.
约三千人逃离华盛顿军队。
The colonists’ ultimate victory wouldn’t come until 1781, when, supported by the French army and navy, they surrounded the British at Yorktown, Virginia.
殖民者最终的胜利要到1781年,在法国陆军和海军的支持下,他们在弗吉尼亚州约克敦包围了英国人。
The British were compelled to surrender.
英军被迫投降.
George Washington, standing at right, was the president of the Constitutional Convention, held in 1787.
乔治·华盛顿(George Washington)站在右边,是1787年召开的制宪会议的主席.
After their victory, the colonists began setting up a permanent government for the United States.
在他们的胜利后,殖民者开始为美国建立永久政府.
The colonists wanted their new war hero, George Washington, involved in the process.
殖民者希望他们新的战争英雄乔治·华盛顿参与这一进程.
Washington’s friend and fellow Virginian James Madison asked him to attend a government meeting with more than fifty other delegates in Philadelphia.
华盛顿的朋友和同僚弗吉尼亚·詹姆斯·麦迪逊要求他出席在费城与另外50多名代表的政府会议.
At that meeting, called the Constitutional Convention, America’s Founding Fathers worked toward creating a plan for a new government.
在那次会议上,美国开国元勋们努力为新政府制定计划。
However, they needed someone to lead it.
然而,他们需要有人领导。
Not surprisingly, they turned to George Washington.
毫不奇怪,他们转向乔治华盛顿。
Washington did not want to be the nation’s first president, but he felt it was his duty to accept the position.
华盛顿并不想成为该国首任总统,但他认为接受这一职位是他的责任.
In February 1789, members of congress unanimously elected Washington.
1789年2月,国会议员一致选举出华盛顿.
That spring, he traveled from his home in Mount Vernon to New York City, where he took the oath of office on April 30.
当年春天,他从他位于弗农山的家中出行到纽约市,于4月30日在那里宣誓就职.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Washington’s presidency naturally included “firsts.”
华盛顿的总统职位自然包括“第一 ” 。
it before an assembled crowd.
在人群聚集之前,
Union address.
工会地址。
To this day, presidents deliver a State of the Union address to Congress each year.
直到今天,总统每年都向国会发表国情咨文.
became law in 1951.
1951年成为法律。
The First President President Washington had a lot to do.
第一任总统华盛顿有许多事要做。
After all, no one had ever been president before.
毕竟,从来没有人做过总统。
It was up to him to set numerous precedents.
他应该建立许多先例。
He set about establishing three branches of government: executive (overseen by the president), legislative (Congress), and judicial (the Supreme Court).
他着手建立三个政府部门:行政(由总统监督)、立法(议会)和司法(最高法院)。
Washington’s presidential style had been formed during his military career.
华盛顿的总统作风是在他的军事生涯中形成的.
He was not afraid to make a decision and stick to it.
他不怕作出决定,坚持下去。
President Barack Obama gives his inaugural address in 2013.
2013年巴拉克·奥巴马总统发表就职演说.
In 1792, Washington was elected to a second term as president.
1792年,华盛顿被选为第二任总统.
The position would be filled with more conflict during the next four years.
这一职位在今后四年中将充满更多的冲突。
One major conflict Washington faced in his second term was the Whiskey Rebellion.
华盛顿在第二个任期中面临的一个主要冲突是"怀斯基叛乱".
The new government was taxing colonial makers of whiskey, and people felt that was unfair.
新政府正在对殖民者征收威士忌税,人们觉得这不公平.
When a group of people in Pennsylvania began to revolt, President Washington ordered that state’s militia to calm the unrest.
当宾夕法尼亚州一群人开始起义时,华盛顿总统命令该州的民兵平息动乱.
Also during Washington’s second term as president, another war between Britain and France threatened to break out.
在华盛顿担任总统的第二任期间,英国和法国之间的另一场战争也威胁要爆发.
Believing that military action should only be used when necessary, Washington did not want the United States to get pulled into the conflict.
华盛顿认为,军事行动只能在必要时使用,因此不希望美国卷入冲突。
He was committed to the idea that the United States would remain neutral.
他致力于美国保持中立的想法.
It was not a well-liked decision.
这不是一个很好的决定。
For the first time in his career, Washington faced unpopularity with both the public and the press.
华盛顿在职业生涯中第一次面对公众和新闻界的不受欢迎.
In 1794, President Washington used the Pennsylvania militia to put down the Whiskey Rebellion.
1794年,华盛顿总统用宾夕法尼亚民兵来平息了怀斯基叛乱.
After retiring from public life, George Washington was able to spend more time with his family at Mount Vernon.
在从公共生活中退休后,乔治·华盛顿得以与家人在弗农山度过更多的时间.
A Hero Retires Setting a precedent that would remain in place for nearly 150 years, Washington decided to end his presidency after two terms.
一个英雄退休者 华盛顿开创了一个将持续近150年的先例,决定在两届任期后结束主席任期。
Before he was finished, however, he offered some advice to the young nation he loved so much.
然而,在他完成之前,他为他如此热爱的年轻国家提供了一些建议.
In his Farewell Address, Washington, ever conscious of military matters, urged caution when making alliances with other nations since he believed such friendships could lead to war.
华盛顿在告别演说中意识到军事问题,敦促在与其他国家结盟时谨慎行事,因为他认为这种友谊可能导致战争。
He also warned against forming too large an army, which might also encourage military conflicts.
他还警告说,不要组建规模过大的军队,这也可能助长军事冲突。
Most important, Washington felt, was for the American people to stand united as one nation.
华盛顿认为,最重要的是,美国人民团结为一个国家。
Relieved to return to Mount Vernon and be a farmer again, a tired Washington began his retirement in 1797.
解放后回到了弗农山并再次成为农民,1797年一个疲惫的华盛顿开始退休.
In late 1799, he became ill with a bad sore throat.
1799年后期,他患上喉咙痛.
On December 14 of that year, Washington died.
当年12月14日,华盛顿去世.
Presidents (from left to right) George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln are sculpted into Mount Rushmore.
总统(从左到右)乔治·华盛顿,托马斯·杰斐逊,西奥多·罗斯福,亚伯拉罕·林肯被雕塑入拉什莫尔山.
Father of His Country George Washington’s many astounding accomplishments ranged from a superior military career to helping found a new nation.
他的祖国乔治·华盛顿(George Washington)的众多令人惊叹的成就,
As commander of the Continental Army, he led the United States to independence from Britain.
作为大陆军司令,他带领美国从英国独立.
As America’s first president, he set an example that every president since has tried to follow.
作为美国首任总统,他树立了一个榜样,此后每位总统都试图效仿.
He led with courage and confidence, and his style and personality demonstrated great personal character.
他以勇气和自信来领导,他的风格和个性表现出了伟大的个性.
The nation admired him then, and the world admires him today.
当时国人钦佩他,而今日世人钦佩他.
Described by a congressman at the time as “first in war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his countrymen,” George Washington truly was the Father of His Country.
乔治·华盛顿被当时的一名议员描述为“战争第一,和平第一,他的同胞心中第一”,他确实是他的国家之父。
The Life of George Washington 1799: Dies on December 14 1732: Born in Westmoreland County, Virginia 1735: The Washington family moves to Mount Vernon, Virginia 1754: Fights in the French and Indian War 1775: Appointed commander in chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution 1787: Presides over the Constitutional Convention 1789: Elected first president of the United States 1797: Begins retirement at Mount Vernon 1794: Whiskey Rebellion Glossary alliances (n.)
乔治·华盛顿·1799年生平:1732年12月14日逝世:生于弗吉尼亚州威斯特莫兰县. 1735年:华盛顿家族迁入弗吉尼亚弗农山1754年: 1775年法国和印度战争中的战斗: 1787年美国革命期间被任命为大陆军总司令: 1789年制宪会议: 当选美国第一任总统 1797年: 开始在弗农山退休 1794年:怀克起义词汇联盟 (n.
close associations between countries or other groups that work together (p.
合作的国家或其他团体之间的密切联系(p.
13) Continental (n.)
13) 大陆 (n.
the main governing body of the American colonies before, during, and for some time after the American Revolution (p.
在美国革命之前,期间和之后的一段时间(p.
7) delegates (n.)
7) 代表(不详)
chosen or elected people who represent and act on behalf of others (p.
代表他人和代表他人行事的被选人或当选人(p.
7) inaugurated (v.)
7) 落成(五.
admitted into office with a formal ceremony (p.
以正式仪式入职(p.
4) militia (n.)
4)民兵 (n.
unanimously (adv.)
全体一致(adv.)