Forever Free
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Bread for Lessons.
经验教训目录。
4 Born a Slave.
4生为奴.
6 Escape!
6跑开!
8 Writing and Speaking.
8 写作和演讲。
11 Land of the Free.
自由之地11号.
13 Glossary.
13 词汇。
16 Bread for Lessons Eight-year-old Frederick Douglass grabbed a loaf of bread from the kitchen and slipped out the back door to run errands.
八岁的弗雷德里克·道格拉斯从厨房拿起一面包面包 从后门滑出跑腿
Frederick was a slave, but he was allowed to take as much bread as he liked.
弗雷德里克是奴隶,但他被允许随意取出所喜欢的面包.
He knew he had more to eat than some boys in his neighborhood, so he took food to trade with them.
他知道比起他附近的一些男孩,他还有更多的食物,所以他带走了食物与他们进行交易.
While he had plenty of bread, the other boys had something he wanted even more—they knew how to write.
虽然他有足够的面包,但其他的男孩有他更想要的东西——他们知道如何写作。
As Frederick walked down the streets of Baltimore, Maryland, he thought about how unjust it was that he wasn’t allowed to read.
Frederick走在马里兰州巴尔的摩街头时,
Just the day before, his owner’s wife, Mrs.
就在前一天,他的主人的妻子,夫人。
Sophia Auld, had snatched a newspaper away from him as he tried to read it in secret.
Sophia Auld 在试图秘密阅读时 抢走报纸
All Frederick wanted was an education, but that wasn’t allowed for slaves in the 1820s.
Frederick想要的只是教育,
In fact, it was against the law.
事实上,这是违法的。
That’s why Frederick had made friends with poor white boys in the city—they had been allowed to attend school.
所以弗雷德里克在城里与贫穷的白人男孩结为朋友,
First he’ d tease them, saying, “I bet I know more of the alphabet than you do!”
他首先嘲笑他们说:我一定比你更了解字母表。
He’ d write a few letters in the dirt, the other boys would write what they knew, and Frederick would learn to write those new letters.
Frederick会学会写这些新信件。
Now, he was bartering food for proper lessons in reading and writing.
现在,他正在以食物换取 正确的阅读和写作课程。
Up ahead, Frederick saw one of his friends waiting to give him a lesson and hurried to join him.
在前面,我们... 弗雷德里克看见他的一个朋友等着给他上一课,并匆忙赶去加入他.
Frederick would give up his lunch every day to learn!
Frederick会每天放弃午餐学习!
Born a Slave Frederick was born in February of 1817 or 1818.
生于1817年或1818年2月是奴隶弗雷德里克.
He never knew the date of his birth, and though he knew his father was white, he never knew who he was.
他从不知道他出生的日期,虽然他知道父亲是白人,但从不知道他是谁.
His mother was Harriet Bailey, but Frederick was raised by his grandmother, Betsey Bailey.
他的母亲是哈里特·贝利(Harriet Bailey),但弗雷德里克由外祖母贝特西·贝利抚养.
When he was eight years old, Frederick was sent to work as a houseboy for some of his owner’s relatives, the Auld family in Baltimore, Maryland.
8岁时,弗雷德里克被派去为他的一些主人的亲戚,马里兰州巴尔的摩的奥德家族做家庭男仆.
When Frederick first came to the Aulds, Sophia Auld helped teach him the alphabet.
弗雷德里克首次来到奥德后,索菲亚·奥德帮助教他字母.
She gave him several lessons before her husband forbade her.
在她丈夫禁止她之前 她给他上过几次课
Education and slavery were incompatible, he said—a slave who learned to read would become dissatisfied with his condition and desire freedom.
他说,教育和奴役是不相容的——一个学会阅读的奴隶会对他的状况和渴望自由感到不满。
This proved to be true.
这是事实。
The more books and newspapers Frederick read, the clearer his own thoughts about slavery became, the more he despised slavery, and the more dejected he was.
弗雷德里克阅读的书籍和报纸越多,他自己对奴隶制的想法就越清楚,他越是鄙视奴隶制,他越是被排斥.
For some time, Frederick struggled to comprehend the word abolition.
一段时间以来,弗雷德里克为理解废除这个词而挣扎.
Whenever a slave ran away or did something a slaveholder disliked, abolition was blamed.
每当一个奴隶逃跑或者做一个奴隶持有者不喜欢的事时,废奴被责备.
Frederick tried looking up the word in the dictionary, but it merely said “the act of abolishing.”
Frederick试图在字典中查找这个词,但只是说“废除的行为。 “
What was being abolished?
什么是被废除的?
In 1831, Frederick read an article about the abolition movement and the people who were striving to end slavery.
1831年,弗雷德里克读了一篇关于废除运动和正努力结束奴隶制的人的文章.
Now he understood— some white people wanted to abolish slavery, too!
现在他明白了 有些白人也想废除奴隶制!
He also learned that blacks were free in some states, and he began dreaming of escape.
他还得知在一些州黑人是自由的,他开始梦想逃跑.
“Once you learn to read,” Douglass wrote later in life, “you will be forever free.”
“一旦你学会阅读,”道格拉斯在后世写道,“你将永远自由。 “
Understanding that education and freedom went hand in hand, he began giving lessons to other slaves until slaveholders stopped his Sunday school.
他明白教育和自由是齐头并进的,开始向其他奴隶上课,直到奴隶持有者停止他的星期天学校.
He earned a reputation among slaves as a leader—and among slave owners as a troublemaker.
他为奴隶们赢得了领袖的声誉,为奴隶主赢得了麻烦。
Escape!
走开!
For years, Frederick had lived the easier life of a slave in the city.
多年来,弗雷德里克在城市里过着一个奴隶的更轻松的生活.
At fifteen, he was sent to work on a farm as a field hand for Edward Covey, a brutal man known as a “slave breaker.”
15岁时,他被派去农场工作,作为爱德华·科维(Edward Covey)的野外手,他是一个残暴的人,被称为“奴隶破坏者”。 “
Covey would beat slaves into obedience.
科维会把奴隶打成服从
Loaning Frederick to Covey may have been Auld’s way of punishing Frederick for trying to educate other slaves as well as himself.
将弗雷德里克借给科维可能是奥德惩罚弗雷德里克试图教育其他奴隶以及他自己的方式.
Covey almost succeeded in breaking his spirit.
科维几乎成功地打破了自己的精神.
After enduring six months of abuse, though, sixteen-year-old Frederick fought back.
在忍受了六个月的虐待之后,16岁的弗雷德里克进行了反击.
Later, he wrote, “We were at it for nearly two hours.
后来,他写道,“我们在那里呆了将近两个小时。
Covey at length let me go, puffing and blowing at a great rate, saying that if I had not resisted, he would not have whipped me half so much.
科维伊很长的时间让我走,气喘吁吁地吹了一大快活,说如果我没有反抗,他就不会鞭打我一半了.
The truth was, that he had not whipped me at all.”
事实是,他根本没有鞭打我。 “
After their confrontation, Covey never tried to beat him again, but Frederick began to plan his escape in earnest.
在他们对抗之后 科维从未试图再击败他,但弗雷德里克开始认真计划出逃.
He tried once and was caught.
他试过一次,就被抓了。
Still, Frederick continued to dream of freedom and work on his literacy, even joining the East Baltimore Mental Improvement Society, a debate club.
尽管如此,弗雷德里克继续梦想自由并致力于他的通晓,甚至加入了辩论会"东巴尔的摩精神改善会".
It was there that Frederick met Anna Murray, a free black woman.
弗雷德里克在那里遇到了一个自由的黑人妇女安娜·默里.
Together, Anna and Frederick planned his escape.
安娜和弗雷德里克一起策划了他的出逃.
Dressed in a sailor’s uniform and carrying a freedman’s passport, Frederick traveled through Delaware and Pennsylvania to New York.
弗雷德里克穿着水手制服并携带自由人护照,从特拉华和宾夕法尼亚到纽约.
The escape took a little less than twenty-four hours, but as Frederick later wrote, “I lived more in one day than in a year of my slave life.”
逃跑的时间略少于24小时,但正如弗雷德里克后来所写道的,“我一天活的比一年活活活的多。 “
Speaking to audiences years later, Frederick would say, “I appear before you this evening as a thief and a robber.
数年后,弗雷德里克在对听众讲话时会说:“我今晚作为小偷和强盗出现在你们面前。
I stole this head, these limbs, this body from my master and ran off with them.”
我偷了这头,这些四肢,这具尸体 从我的主人,并跑走了。 “
Escaping didn’t mean that a slave like Frederick was truly free.
逃脱并不意味着像弗雷德里克这样的奴隶是真正的自由.
Slaves who made it to a free state could live as if they were free, but they could still be seized and taken back to a slave state.
活到自由地国的奴隶可以活到自由地去,但他们仍然可以被抓住并被带回奴隶地去.
Frederick sent for Anna to join him, and they were married in 1838.
弗雷德里克派安娜加入他,两人于1838年结婚.
Since Frederick was a fugitive who could be caught and forced back into slavery, they took a new name: Douglass.
由于弗雷德里克是一个逃犯,他可能被抓住并被强迫回奴,他们取了一个新的名字:道格拉斯.
The newly wed Mr.
刚结婚的先生
and Mrs.
和夫人们
Douglass settled in New Bedford, Massachusetts, and had five children together.
道格拉斯定居于马萨诸塞州新贝德福德,并育有五个孩子.
A Railroad for Runaways Abolitionists organized a secret network to help fugitive slaves in the 1800s.
1800年代"逃亡者废奴之路"组织秘密网络帮助逃亡奴隶.
This network came to be called the Underground Railroad.
这个网络被称为"地下铁路".
Places with food, clothing, and shelter were called safe houses or stations.
有食物、衣服和住所的地方称为安全屋或站。
Because many fugitives traveled on foot, people helping the slaves— known as conductors or stationmasters—tried to provide a station every fifteen miles.
由于许多逃犯徒步出行,帮助奴隶的人——被称为指挥员或站长——试图每15英里提供一座车站。
Frederick Douglass stayed in safe houses when he first escaped.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯第一次出逃时一直待在安全屋.
He himself later became a stationmaster in Rochester, New York, helping some slaves escape to Canada.
他本人后来成为了纽约州罗切斯特的站长,帮助一些奴隶逃到加拿大.
Writing and Speaking Douglass began to speak at antislavery meetings.
写作和演讲道格拉斯开始在反奴隶制会议上发言.
With his firsthand account of life as a slave and of his bold escape, he became the voice of the abolition movement.
以他作为奴隶的生平和大胆出逃的第一手说法,他成为了废奴运动的声音.
His very existence countered the slaveholders’ argument that slaves lacked the intellect to function as free American citizens.
他的存在本身就反驳了奴隶持有者的观点,即奴隶缺乏作为自由美国公民发挥作用的智慧。
Yet Douglass was so articulate that some whites refused to believe he had ever been a slave.
然而道格拉斯如此明确,以至于一些白人拒绝相信他曾经是奴隶.
Douglass wrote the first of three autobiographies, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass.
道格拉斯写了三部自传"弗雷德里克·道格拉斯生平的叙述"中的第一部.
When it was published in 1845, critics charged that the book, like Douglass, was fake: no slave could write so eloquently, they argued.
1845年出版时,批评者指责这本书同道格拉斯一样是伪造的:没有一个奴隶能够如此雄辩地写作,他们争论.
Yet the book was an instant success and persuaded many people that a slave could possess a great mind.
然而这本书是一瞬间的成功,并说服了许多人,奴隶可以拥有伟大的思想.
At the same time, the book included details that could have led to Douglass’s arrest as a fugitive slave.
同时,这本书还包含了可能导致道格拉斯被作为逃亡奴隶逮捕的细节.
In order to avoid capture, Douglass went abroad for two years on a speaking tour of Ireland and England.
为了避免被俘虏,道格拉斯出道了两年,在爱尔兰和英国巡回演讲.
An electrifying speaker, Douglass was a star overseas, and fans there raised $711 for Douglass’s freedom, a purchase called manumission.
道格拉斯是位海外明星,
When Douglass returned to the United States in 1848, he founded a newspaper.
1848年道格拉斯回到美国后,他创办了报纸.
He also penned thousands of speeches and editorials calling for social justice.
他还收录了数千篇呼吁社会正义的演讲和社论.
“I expose slavery in this country,” wrote Douglass, “because to expose it is to kill it.
Douglass写道:“我揭露这个国家的奴隶制,
Slavery is one of those monsters of darkness to whom the light of truth is death.”
奴隶制是黑暗中的怪物之一 真理之光就是死亡 “
One of his most famous speeches was “What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?”
他最出名的演讲之一是“奴隶对国庆是什么? “
When he delivered the speech on July 5, 1852, Douglass surprised his audience by posing questions about what Independence Day meant for slaves and former slaves.
当他于1852年7月5日发表演讲时,道格拉斯对自己的观众表示惊讶,提出独立日对奴隶和前奴隶意味着什么的问题.
“What have I, or those I represent, to do with your national independence?
“我或我所代表的人与贵国的独立有什么关系?
Are the great principles of political freedom and of natural justice, embodied in that Declaration of Independence, extended to us?”
政治自由和自然正义的伟大原则是否已经体现在《独立宣言》中? “
Land of the Free By the Civil War, Douglass was the most admired African American in the United States.
由内战而来的自由之地道格拉斯是美国最受推崇的非裔美国人.
In 1863, he served as President Lincoln’s advisor during the drafting of the Emancipation Proclamation, an order that freed the majority of slaves.
1863年,他在起草"解放宣言"时出任林肯总统的顾问,这一命令释放了大多数奴隶.
Yet the abolition of slavery wasn’t a stated goal of the war, though Douglass repeatedly urged Lincoln to make it one.
尽管道格拉斯一再敦促林肯将废除奴隶制作为一个目标,
Some historians think Douglass helped inspire the renowned Gettysburg Address and a Lincoln inaugural address.
一些历史学家认为道格拉斯帮助启发了著名的"葛底斯堡演说"和"林肯就职演说".
Douglass also convinced Lincoln to allow black soldiers to fight for the North.
道格拉斯还相信 林肯允许黑人士兵为北方出战.
The Union Army’s 54th Massachusetts Regiment was the first to be comprised of black soldiers, including two of Douglass’s sons.
马萨诸塞州第54军 军团是第一个由黑人士兵组成的,其中包括道格拉斯的两个儿子.
Douglass’s writing and speaking helped end slavery with the Thirteenth Amendment, passed after the Civil War ended in 1865.
道格拉斯的写作和演讲帮助结束了奴隶制与"第十三修正案",1865年内战结束后通过.
Three years later, the Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship to former slaves, and shortly after that, in 1870, the Fifteenth Amendment granted every male citizen, including former slaves, the right to vote.
三年后,"第十四修正案"授予了前奴隶公民权,不久后,1870年,"第十五修正案"授予了包括前奴隶在内的所有男性公民选举权.
For the rest of his life, Douglass continued to promote equality for all Americans.
在他的余生中,道格拉斯继续促进所有美国人的平等.
He wanted the United States to reach its potential as a “land of the free” for blacks, women, Native Americans, and immigrants, too.
他希望美国能够成为黑人、妇女、美洲原住民和移民的“自由之地”。
“I would unite with anybody to do right and with nobody to do wrong,” Douglass said.
Douglass说,“我愿意与任何人团结起来,做对的事,与任何人一起做错事。”
Guards of the 107th United States Colored Troops Douglass and President Lincoln Lincoln and Douglass didn’t always see eye to eye.
第107届美国有色人种大军道格拉斯和林肯总统及道格拉斯的后卫们并非总能一目了然.
After Lincoln died, though, Douglass gave the keynote address at a memorial honoring him.
不过林肯死后,道格拉斯在纪念他的纪念会上作了主旨演讲.
The crowd gave Douglass a standing ovation, and the president’s widow, Mary Todd Lincoln, gave him Lincoln’s favorite walking stick in appreciation.
人群给道格拉斯一个站立的口吻,总统的遗孀玛丽·托德·林肯(Mary Todd Lincoln)给了他林肯最喜爱的行走棒以示赞赏.
The walking stick still rests in Douglass’s house.
步行棒还留在道格拉斯家。
Douglass remained married to Anna for forty- four years, until she passed away in 1882.
道格拉斯与安娜保持了四四年的婚姻,直到她于1882年去世.
Two years later he married Helen Pitts, an advocate for civil rights.
两年后他与主张公民权利的海伦·皮特斯结婚.
Their marriage caused controversy since Pitts was a white woman, but Douglass sought to live in a world where race didn’t matter.
他们的婚姻引起了争议,因为皮特斯是白人女性,但道格拉斯人寻求生活在一个种族无关紧要的世界.
He died on February 20, 1895.
他于1895年2月20日去世.
Today, Douglass is often referred to as the father of the civil rights movement.
今天道格拉斯经常被称作民权运动之父.
Seventy years after his death, at the height of that movement, the United States Postal Service honored him with his own 1965 postage stamp.
在他去世后70年,在那次运动的高潮中,美国邮政局授予他1965年的邮票。
He changed the way the country thought about slavery and race, and left behind words to continue to inspire Americans, including his newspaper’s motto: “Right is of no sex, truth is of no color.”
他改变了国家看待奴隶制和种族的方式,留下了文字继续激励美国人,包括他的报纸的口号: “权利不分性别,真理不分肤色。 “
Glossary abolition (n.)
词汇废除(n.)
the act of doing away with or ending something; the act of making slavery illegal (p.
(b) 使奴隶制成为非法的行为(p.
7) advocate (n.)
7) 律师(不详)
a person who actively supports a cause (p.
1. 积极支持某一事业的人(p.
15) amendment (n.)
15) 修正(n.)
a change or addition to a document or law (p.
对文件或法律的修改或补充(第2页)。
14) articulate (adj.)
14) 表述(adj.)
able to communicate clearly and effectively through speaking or writing; clearly or effectively communicated (p.
能够通过发言或书面方式明确和有效地沟通; 明确或有效地沟通(p.
11) autobiographies true stories about a person’s life (n.)
11) 个人生活真实故事的自传(n.
written by that person (p.
由该人撰写(p.
11) civil rights (n.)
11) 公民权利 (n.)
legal, social, and economic rights that guarantee freedom and equality for all citizens (p.
保障所有公民自由和平等的法律、社会和经济权利(第3页)。
15) controversy (n.)
15)争议 (n.
a disagreement over an idea or issue (p.
关于一个想法或问题的分歧(第2页)
15) editorials (n.)
15)社论 (n.
articles in a newspaper or magazine that express the opinion of the publisher (p.
在发表出版商意见的报纸或杂志上发表文章(p.
12) fugitive (n.)
12) 逃犯(不详)
a person who is running from something, usually legal authorities (p.
个人逃避某事,通常是法律当局(p.
10) inaugural a formal speech given by a address (n.)
10) 发表正式讲话(n.)
president at the beginning of his or her term (p.
总统任期开始时(p.
13) literacy (n.)
13) 识字(n.)
the ability to read and write (p.
读写能力(p.
8) principles (n.)
8) 原则(n.)
basic values or ideals that guide an action or decision (p.
指导一项行动或决定的基本价值观或理想(p.
12) Douglass and Women’s Rights Douglass didn’t live to see universal suffrage—the right of every adult to vote—but he fought for it until he died.
12)道格拉斯和妇女权利道格拉斯没有活下来看到普选——每个成年人的选举权——但是他一直为此奋斗到他去世.
Eventually, in 1920, the states ratified the Nineteenth Amendment, granting women the right to vote.
最终,在1920年,各州批准了第十九修正案,赋予妇女选举权.