the Holocaust
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents A Girl Leaves Home.
内容表A 女孩离家出走.
4 The British Banker Comes to Prague.
4 英国银行家来到布拉格。
6 Hitler and His Plans.
希特勒和他的计划
7 Winton’s Appeal to the World.
7 温顿对世界的号召.
11 Winton’s Trains.
11 温通火车.
13 A Secret Discovered.
13 秘密发现。
16 In His Own Words.
16 在他自己的话。
19 Glossary.
19 词汇表。
20 CZECHOSLOVAKIA ENGLAND Prague NORTH SEA BALTIC SEA English Channel MEDITERRANEAN SEA Europe, 1939 GERMANY A Girl Leaves Home Vera Gissing remembers the day her parents sent her away from Czechoslovakia in hopes of saving her life.
20 捷克 1939年,德国布拉格北区海洋海洋英吉利海峡 女孩离开家 吉辛回忆起她父母为了救她一命而送她离开捷克斯洛伐克的那一天.
It was July 1939, just before her eleventh birthday.
1939年7月,就在她11岁生日之前.
Along with dozens of other Jewish children, she was dressed in her best clothes, a numbered tag hanging around her neck.
与其他数十名犹太儿童一起,她穿着她最好的衣服,一个挂在脖子上的数字标签.
At Prague’s main train station, the steam from the engines rose around the families.
在布拉格的主火车站,由发动机产生的蒸汽在家庭周围上升.
Parents hugged and kissed their children, whispering words of love and hope.
父母拥抱并亲吻了孩子,悄悄地说出爱情和希望的话来.
“I’ll never forget the anguished expression on my parents’ faces that morning,” said Gissing in 2002.
吉辛在2002年说,
German soldiers invade Prague, Czechoslovakia, in 1939.
1939年德国士兵入侵捷克斯洛伐克布拉格.
The Czech people watch in silence.
捷克人民默默观看.
Then the children boarded a train bound for England.
之后孩子们登上一列前往英国的火车.
As the train pulled away from the station, Gissing says she tried to keep her eyes focused on her parents’ faces.
Gissing说, 当火车从车站驶出时, 她试图把目光集中在父母的脸上。
She didn’t know then that she would never see her parents again.
她当时并不知道再也见不到她的父母。
She didn’t know that her parents—along with most of the other parents at the station—would soon be sent away to die.
她并不知道她的父母,
She also knew nothing of the stranger from Great Britain who opened his heart to save her.
她也不认识一个来自大不列颠的陌生人,他打开了心来拯救她.
The Eberstark girls, Elli (middle), Alice (top left) and Josi (top right), never saw their parents again after leaving on the train from Prague.
埃伯斯塔克女团,埃利(中场),爱丽丝(左上方)和约西(右上方)在从布拉格出发后再也没有见到过父母.
The British Banker Comes to Prague In 1938, Nicholas Winton was a twenty-nine- year-old banker working in London.
英国银行家来布拉格 1938年,尼古拉斯·温顿是一位29岁的银行家,在伦敦工作.
Just before Winton was to leave England for a ski holiday in the Alps, his friend asked Winton to join him instead in Prague, the capital city of Czechoslovakia.
就在温顿要离开英国去阿尔卑斯山滑雪节前,他的朋友要求温顿与其一起去捷克斯洛伐克首都布拉格.
His friend was working there with groups that were helping thousands of Jewish families.
他的朋友在那里与帮助上千个犹太家庭的团体合作.
These Jews had fled their homes after Germany took over a part of northern Czechoslovakia known as the Sudetenland.
这些犹太人在德国占领了被称作"苏台德地"的捷克斯洛伐克北部的一部分后逃离了他们的家园.
“The last thing I thought was that I was going to work,” Winton once said.
“我最后想到的是我要工作,”温顿曾说过。
Prague CZECHOSLOVAKIA AUSTRIA GERMANY POLAND HUNGARY SUDETENLAND Germany took over the borderlands of Czechoslovakia (the Sudetenland) in 1938.
布拉格·齐克霍斯洛瓦基亚 德国于1938年占领了捷克斯洛伐克的边境地(苏台德地).
Hitler and His Plans The takeover of the Sudetenland turned out to be part of a secret plan by Germany’s leader, Adolf Hitler.
希特勒及其计划 对苏台德地的接管最终成为了德国领导人阿道夫·希特勒的秘密计划的一部分.
Once an army soldier, Hitler was angry that Germany had lost World War I in 1918.
曾经是一名陆军士兵,希特勒对德国于1918年输掉一战感到愤怒.
He blamed the failure in part on the Jews, whom he believed were an inferior race.
他将失败部分归咎于犹太人,他认为犹太人是卑劣的种族.
After the war, Hitler helped form the Nazi Party, a group that wanted to restore Germany’s power in the world.
战后,希特勒帮助组建了纳粹党,这个团体想恢复德国在世界上的权力.
In time, Hitler and the Nazis became so powerful that he was named Germany’s leader.
随着时间的推移,希特勒和纳粹势力变得如此强大,以至于他被命名为德国领导人.
He took control of the government and then started to build up the military.
他控制了政府,后开始建立军队.
He also planned to take back the land Germany had been forced to give away after losing World War I.
他还计划夺回德国在一战失败后被迫放弃的土地.
Hitler shouts to a crowd in Austria in 1938.
1938年希特勒向奥地利一众群众高呼.
In 1936, Hitler began by taking back land that had been given to France.
1936年,希特勒开始夺回被赠予法国的土地.
Two years later, Hitler took control of Austria, then the Sudetenland.
两年后,希特勒控制了奥地利,后又控制了苏德地.
Next, Hitler ordered the army to gather up Jews born in Poland or Russia and remove them from Germany.
接下来,希特勒命令军队将生于波兰或俄罗斯的犹太人集合起来并把他们从德国驱逐出.
The Jews were loaded onto trucks or wagons, driven to the border, and left there.
犹太人被装上卡车或马车,被驱到边境,然后离开那里.
Soon after, the army arrested 30,000 German Jews and placed them in Nazi concentration camps.
不久后,军队逮捕了3万名德国犹太人,将他们安置在纳粹集中营.
The camps were a kind of prison where enemies of Hitler were sent to live and work as punishment.
集中营是那种监狱 希特勒的敌人被派去生活和工作作为惩罚
A wagon removes a Jewish family from Krakow, Poland.
一辆马车将一个犹太家庭从波兰克拉科夫驱逐出.
The family wears armbands identifying them as Jews.
家族佩戴臂章,认定他们为犹太人.
These events so frightened Jews across Europe that many decided to leave their homes to try to escape the danger.
这些事件吓坏了 欧洲各地的犹太人 许多人决定离开家园 试图逃离危险
In Prague, Jewish refugees were living in camps set up in the city.
在布拉格,犹太难民住在该市所建立的难民营.
Winton went into the camps and saw that they were cold, dirty, and jammed with thousands of people.
温顿走入了营地,看到他们寒冷,肮脏,被上千人卡住.
Some aid groups were trying to help Jews find new homes.
一些援助团体试图帮助 犹太人找到新的家园。
Yet Winton noticed that the focus was on old or sick people.
然而,温顿注意到,重点是老人或病人.
No one was doing much to help the Jewish children of Czechoslovakia, so Winton decided that he would.
没有人做很多事情来帮助捷克斯洛伐克的犹太子孙,所以温顿决定他会.
A school in Czechoslovakia houses refugee families from the Sudetenland.
捷克斯洛伐克的一所学校收容了来自苏台德兰的难民家庭。
“The situation was bad,” Winton said in a 2002 film about his life.
温顿在2002年的一出电影中说道,
“These refugees felt and we felt that the days were numbered before the Germans would arrive in [the rest of] Czechoslovakia.
“这些难民感到,而且我们感到,德国人到达捷克斯洛伐克之前的日子已经过去。
But how could they save themselves?
但是他们怎么救活自己呢?
What could they do?
他们能做什么?
Where should they go?
他们该去哪儿?
They were stuck.”
他们被卡住了。 “
The Story of the Stars Many of the photos of Jews from World War II show men, women, and children wearing six-pointed stars on their clothing.
二战时期犹太人的许多相片显示,男女老幼穿着六分星的服装.
Often made from two interlocking triangles, the six-pointed star is also known as the Star of David.
常由两个相交三角相接而成的六角星也被称为"大卫之星".
It has been used as a symbol of Judaism for thousands of years.
它被用做犹太教的象征已经几千年了.
During World War II, the Nazis decided that all Jews should wear the stars so that they could be easily identified by non-Jews.
二战期间,纳粹决定所有犹太人都穿戴星相,以方便被非犹太人识别出.
The stars were meant as a badge of shame and something to encourage discrimination against Jewish people.
星等被指为耻辱的徽章和鼓励歧视犹太人的东西.
The rule applied to all Jews over the age of six who lived in any country controlled by Germany.
该规则适用于所有6岁以上居住在由德国控制的任何国家的犹太人.
Winton’s Appeal to the World Winton’s plan was to find safe homes for the children with families outside of Czechoslovakia.
温顿向世界温顿计划发出的呼吁是,为那些在捷克斯洛伐克以外有家庭的儿童找到安全之家。
Czech families came to him by the hundreds seeking help.
捷克家庭来找他 由数百人寻求帮助。
After hiring two helpers to work with the families, Winton returned to England.
在聘请了两名帮手与家人一起工作后,温顿回到了英国.
He needed to find places for the children to live and raise money for their travel.
他需要为孩子们找到生活的地方,并为他们的出行筹款.
In London, Winton began writing letters to the governments of countries around the world, asking them to take the children.
在伦敦,温顿开始给世界各国政府写信,要求他们带走孩子们.
Many countries said no; their laws would not let children come without their parents.
许多国家说不;它们的法律不会让没有父母的儿童来。
In the end, only Sweden and Great Britain agreed to help.
最终只有瑞典和英国同意提供帮助.
A German Jewish girl arrives in England in 1938.
1938年,一名德国犹太女孩抵达英国.
Yet England had strict rules about bringing the children into the country.
然而,英国对于把孩子们带入这个国家有严格的规则。
Besides finding a family to take each child, the British government said Winton must pay a fee.
除了寻找一个家庭来收走每个孩子外,英国政府说温顿必须支付费用.
The money would pay the costs of bringing the children home when they could return to Czechoslovakia.
这笔钱将支付孩子返回捷克斯洛伐克后回家的费用。
At fifty pounds per child, such a fee back then was a small fortune.
每个孩子50磅 那时的这种费用是很小的
To find families for the children, Winton placed ads in newspapers and talked with churches.
为了找到孩子们的家庭,温顿在报纸上登了广告,并与教会交谈.
He printed or sent pictures of the children all over the country.
他在全国印刷或发送了孩子们的照片.
He hoped that once families saw the children’s faces, they would want to help.
他希望,一旦家庭看到儿童的脸,他们就会希望提供帮助。
At the same time, Winton was working to get the German and British governments to let the children enter England.
与此同时,温顿正努力使德英政府让孩子们进入英国.
When the governments moved too slowly, sometimes Winton and a small team of helpers created fake permits.
当政府行动太慢时,有时会由温顿和一小队帮手创造出假许可证.
“We just speeded the process up a little,” Winton said.
Winton说:“我们只是加快了进程,”
Word Wise The pound is Great Britain’s form of money, or currency.
语出智慧 英镑是英国货币或货币的形式。
Fifty pounds was considered “a small fortune” in 1939 because back then, fifty pounds was worth a lot.
在1939年,50磅被认为是“一大笔财富”,因为当时,50磅的价值很高。
In 1939, what cost 50 pounds would have cost more than $200 in U.
1939年,耗资50英磅的U成本会超过200美元.
S.
师曰.
dollars.
钱
In 2014, that translates to more than $3,400 U.
2014年,这相当于超过3400 U.
S.
师曰.
dollars.
钱
Winton’s Trains Winton’s hard work finally paid off on March 14, 1939.
温顿的"火车"温顿的辛勤工作最终于1939年3月14日得到回报.
That’s when the first fifteen children left Prague for Great Britain by airplane.
这时头15个孩子乘飞机离开布拉格去英国。
Over the next six months, seven trains full of children left Prague.
在接下来的六个月里,有七列充满了孩子的列车从布拉格出发.
The children ended their journey in the arms of their new families at a London train station.
孩子们在伦敦火车站的怀抱中结束了他们的旅程。
There, a smiling Winton looked on.
那里,一个微笑的温顿看着。
In all, 669 children were carried away to safety.
总共有669名儿童被带往安全地带。
Most went to live with families.
多数人与家人生活在一起。
Many others went to live at a Czech boarding school in Wales.
还有许多人去威尔士的捷克寄宿学校居住.
Prague London Ferry AUSTRIA GERMANY ENGLAND POLAND HUNGARY FRANCE ITALY NORTH SEA BALTIC SEA English Channel Seven trainloads of children traveled from Prague to London in 1939.
布拉格 伦敦 Ferry Austria 德国 英格兰 波兰 Hungary Frances ITALY 北 SEA BALTIC SEA 英语频道 1939年有7列列车载儿童从布拉格前往伦敦.
On the coast of Holland, the children boarded a ferry to cross the English Channel.
在荷兰海岸,孩子们登上渡轮来穿越英吉利海峡.
After crossing the channel, they boarded a second train for London.
过道后,他们登上第二班去伦敦的列车.
Winton Train Route CZECHOSLOVAKIA Winton had plans for an eighth train.
温顿火车路线 温顿有计划 第八列车。
It was set to leave Prague on September 3, 1939, carrying 250 more children.
预定于1939年9月3日离开布拉格,再携带250个子女.
But on that day, Hitler’s army invaded Poland and closed all German-controlled borders.
但当天,希特勒的军队入侵了波兰并关闭了德国控制的所有边界.
The train disappeared, and the children were never seen again.
火车消失了,孩子们再也见不到了.
What followed was a horrible military struggle that lasted nearly six years.
随后是一场持续了近六年的可怕军事斗争。
It drew in nations from around the world and became known as World War II.
它吸引了来自世界各地的国家,并被称作"二战".
As part of his war effort, Hitler decided in 1941 that all Jews must be killed.
作为他战争努力的一部分,希特勒于1941年决定所有犹太人都必须被杀死.
Millions were forced into concentration camps to work until they grew so weak that they died.
数百万人被迫进入集中营工作,直到他们变得如此虚弱而死亡.
Once the Nazis decided that people died too slowly in the camps, they began killing them instead.
一旦纳粹决定人们在集中营中死得太慢,他们便开始杀死他们.
Hitler’s attempt to destroy all Jews is known as the Holocaust.
希特勒消灭所有犹太人的企图被称作"大屠杀".
In all, six million Jews were murdered in the camps, including more than a million children.
总共有六百万犹太人被谋杀在集中营中,其中包括一百万多儿童.
Millions of non-Jews were also murdered there.
数百万非犹太人也在那里被谋杀。
The Holocaust is one of the most horrible crimes in all of human history.
大屠杀是人类历史上最可怕的罪行之一。
A barbed-wire fence separates male and female prisoners at a German concentration camp.
铁丝网将德国集中营的男女囚犯分开.
A guard keeps watch at right.
一个警卫一直盯着右边
A Secret Discovered The war brought a sudden end to Winton’s rescue mission, so he looked for other ways to help.
秘密发现 这场战争使温顿的营救任务突然结束,于是他寻找了其他的帮助方式.
First he worked for the Red Cross relief organization.
首先他为红十字会救济组织工作.
Later, he joined the Royal Air Force and became a pilot.
后来他加入英国皇家空军并出任飞行员.
After the war, Winton went back to banking, got married, and had a family.
战后,温顿回到了银行业,结婚后有家庭.
He never spoke of the children he had worked so hard to save.
他从未说过他努力拯救的孩子。
Then in 1988, his wife, Grete, discovered her husband’s secret by accident.
后于1988年,他的妻子格蕾特意外地发现了她丈夫的秘密.
One day she found a dusty leather briefcase in the attic.
有一天她在阁楼里发现了一出有灰尘的皮革公文包.
She opened it to find a worn old scrapbook filled with pictures of the children.
她打开它 找到一本破旧的剪贴簿 里面有孩子们的照片
The scrapbook also contained letters and other papers describing the work Winton had done.
剪贴簿还载有信件和其他文件,说明温顿所做的工作。
Grete got her husband to tell his story, and soon a newspaper ran a story about Winton.
格蕾特让丈夫讲述他的故事,很快有报纸报道了温顿的故事.
That same year, a British television show called That’s Life did a program about him.
同年,英国的一出电视剧“生活”对他做了一个节目。
As a surprise, more than two dozen of the children whom Winton had rescued were present to thank him.
令人惊讶的是,20多位被温顿所救出的儿童在场感谢他.
Vera Gissing was at that emotional reunion.
离别 吉辛在那个情感重聚。
She has since written a biography of Winton and a book about her own experience as a child who lived through the war.
此后她还写了"温顿"的传记和一本关于自己从小经历过战争的经历的书.
“He rescued the greater part of the Jewish children of my generation in Czechoslovakia,” Gissing has said.
Gissing说,“他在捷克斯洛伐克拯救了我这一代的大部分犹太儿童。”
“Very few of us met our parents again: They perished in concentration camps.
“我们当中很少有人再次见到我们的父母: 他们死于集中营。
Had we not been spirited away, we would have been murdered alongside them.”
如果我们没有被驱走,我们就会和他们一起被谋杀。 “
As many as 5,000 people are now descendants of the 669 children who rode Winton’s trains to safety in 1939.
1939年乘坐温顿火车前往安全地带的669名儿童的后代多达5000人.
Although those children are now old, many still call themselves “Winton’s Children.”
虽然这些儿童现在已经老了,但许多人仍自称为 " 温顿儿童 " 。 “
Winton’s work has earned him many honors from the governments of both Great Britain and the Czech Republic.
温顿的作品为他赢得了大不列颠和捷克政府的许多荣誉.
In 2002, Winton was made a knight by Queen Elizabeth II.
2002年,温顿被女王伊丽莎白二世封为骑士.
This award is given to people for acts of bravery, service, or success.
这一奖项颁发给勇敢、服务或成功的人们。
Some of Winton’s children arrive in London to meet their rescuer on the 70th anniversary of their evacuation.
温顿的一些孩子抵达伦敦,在撤离70周年之际会见他们的救援人员.
In 2009, a trip repeated the journey that Winton’s Children made between Prague and London.
2009年,一次旅行重复了温顿儿童在布拉格和伦敦之间的旅程.
The train followed the same path and marked the seventieth anniversary of Winton’s last train.
列车也走同道并纪念了温顿最后一趟列车的70周年.
On board were many of those Winton had saved.
船上有许多温顿救过的人
Winton greeted the group himself in London with open arms.
温顿亲自在伦敦用开阔的手臂迎接了这个团体.
The trip came a few months after he celebrated his 100th birthday.
这次出行是在他庆祝100岁生日后几个月.
Winton stands beside the train that repeated the last leg of the historic Prague-to-London trip.
温顿站在重复了历史上布拉格至伦敦之行最后一行的列车旁.
In His Own Words After his secret came out, Winton spoke often about why he worked to save the Czech children.
在他的"自有之言"(His Own Words)中,他的秘密出道后,温顿经常谈到他为什么努力去拯救捷克儿童.
He claimed that he did nothing special or heroic.
他声称他没有做任何特殊或英勇的事。
“I just saw what was going on and did what I could to help,” he once said.
“我刚刚看到正在发生的事情,并尽了我所能,”他曾经说过。
To thank Winton for his actions, some of the people he saved gave him a ring.
为了感谢温顿的行动,他所救的一些人给了他一枚戒指.
It includes a line from a book of Jewish laws.
它包括一本犹太法书中的一行.
It reads: “Save one life, save the world.”
它写道:“拯救一个生命,拯救世界。 “
Sir Nicholas Winton died on July 1, 2015, the 76th anniversary of a train journey that carried the largest number of children from Prague—241.
尼古拉斯·温顿爵士于2015年7月1日,即从布拉格运出最多孩子的列车出行76周年逝世-241.
Winton laughs with the grandson of a girl he saved 70 years earlier.
温顿和他70年前救出的一个女孩的外孙一起取笑.
Glossary anguished (adj.)
词汇痛苦(adj.)
filled with grief or pain (p.
充满了悲伤或痛苦(p.
4) concentration camps (n.)
4)集中营 (n.