Independence
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 The Second Continental Congress.
4,第二届大陆代表大会.
5 The Patriots Take Ticonderoga.
5"爱国者"拿下提康德罗加.
8 Bunker Hill (and Breed’s Hill).
8 Bunker Hill (和 Breed's Hill) (英语).
9 Declaring Independence.
9,宣布独立.
13 Battling for Freedom.
13 为自由而战斗。
14 Southern Battles.
14起南方战役.
18 Major Players in the Revolutionary War.
18 革命战争中的主要玩家.
21 Glossary.
21 词汇表。
23 Index.
23 指数。
24 Introduction America was not always a country.
24 导言:美国并不总是一个国家。
Over 200 years ago, it was a collection of thirteen colonies ruled by Great Britain.
200多年前,它是由大不列颠统治的13个殖民地所组成的集合.
Britain began taxing the colonists and enforcing unpopular new laws.
英国开始向殖民者征税并强制执行不受欢迎的新法律.
The colonists objected, saying they wanted “no taxation without representation” in British Parliament.
殖民者表示反对,说他们希望在英国议会中“没有代表权,不征税”。
Over time, the disagreements between the two groups only increased bad feelings and violence.
随着时间的推移,两个团体之间的分歧只会加剧不良情绪和暴力。
Britain’s King George III tried to gain control over the colonists, but failed.
英国国王乔治三世想获得对殖民者的控制权,但失败了.
A series of events led to a confrontation on April 19, 1775, between British soldiers and colonists at the towns of Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts.
一系列事件导致英国士兵和殖民者于1775年4月19日在马萨诸塞州莱克星顿和康科德等地的城镇发生对抗.
Shots were exchanged on the village green in Lexington—no one knows which side fired first.
在列克星敦的村庄绿地上交火,
That first shot became known as “the shot heard ‘round the world,” signaling the beginning of war between Britain and its thirteen colonies.
第一枪被称作“听到`环绕世界'的一枪”,标志着英国与其13个殖民地之间的战争开始。
The Second Continental Congress On May 10, 1775, the Second Continental Congress met at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1775年5月10日,第二届大陆代表大会在宾夕法尼亚州费城的独立大厅相会.
The delegates unanimously chose George Washington, one of the delegates from Virginia and a former officer in the British army, to command the colony’s troops.
代表们一致选择了乔治·华盛顿(George Washington)指挥殖民地的军队,他是弗吉尼亚州的代表之一,也是英国军队的前军官.
The Congress voted to call the troops the Continental Army, and declared it would be made up of volunteer soldiers from each of the thirteen colonies.
大会投票决定称部队为"大陆军",并宣布由十三个殖民地各派志愿兵组成.
Washington’s job as commander of the Continental Army wasn’t going to be easy.
华盛顿担任大陆军司令并不容易。
Washington had a ragtag group of farmers, carpenters, and blacksmiths with few weapons and little or no training.
华盛顿有一群农民、木匠和铁匠,武器很少,训练很少或根本没有。
These soldiers would be fighting against powerful Britain, with its well-trained and well-supplied army and navy.
这些士兵将凭借其训练有素,供给充足的陆军和海军来对抗强大的英国.
He expected to fail, telling Patrick Henry, “From the day I enter upon the command of the American armies, I date my fall, and the ruin of my reputation.”
他预期失败,告诉帕特里克·亨利,“从我奉美国军队之命进入的那一天起,我就与我的倒台和我的名声被摧毁。 “
Although he thought his reputation would be ruined, Washington believed so strongly in the cause of American independence, he took the challenge as its commander and insisted that he not be paid for his services.
虽然他认为他的名声会被破坏,华盛顿如此强烈地相信美国独立事业,但他还是把挑战当作了它的指挥官,并坚持不给他服务的报酬.
Give Me Liberty!
给我自由!
When King George refused to repeal the taxes, it became obvious that the colonies would have to fight for their independence.
当乔治国王拒绝废除这些税收时,殖民地显然不得不为独立而战.
After the First Continental Congress, Patrick Henry returned to Virginia and made a speech in which he cried, “Give me liberty or give me death!”
第一次大陆大会后,帕特里克·亨利回到了弗吉尼亚,并发表演说,他哭道:“给我自由或给我死!”
During the war, “Liberty or Death!”
在战争期间,“自由或死亡!”
was a Patriot battle cry.
是个爱国者斗殴的叫声
George Washington accepts the surrender of British troops in Trenton, New Jersey, 1776.
乔治·华盛顿接受英国军队于1776年在新泽西州特伦顿投降.
Thinking Critically WHAT does a unanimous vote reveal about the delegates’ perception of George Washington?
全体一致投票揭示了代表们对乔治·华盛顿的看法?
IN YOUR MIND, how might a unanimous vote benefit the delegates?
在你看来,一致表决对代表们有什么好处?
Not every colonist wanted to be independent from Britain.
并不是每个殖民者都想独立于英国.
So while George Washington headed to Concord and Lexington near Boston to lead his new troops, the Continental Congress continued to try to make amends with Britain’s Parliament.
因此,在乔治·华盛顿前往波士顿附近的康科德和列克星敦领导他的新军队的同时,大陆国会继续试图同英国议会进行补偿.
The delegates sent a petition to King George III asking him again to grant the colonists rights and to proclaim the colonists as loyal English subjects.
代表们向国王乔治三世递交了请愿书,要求他再次授予殖民者权利并宣布殖民者为忠诚的英国臣民.
King George refused to even read the petition, and declared that the colonists “had proceeded to open and avowed rebellion.”
乔治国王甚至拒绝阅读请愿书,并宣布殖民者“开始公开并宣示叛乱。 “
The Patriots Take Ticonderoga On the same day the Second Continental Congress met, the Colonist soldiers scored a victory over the British at Fort Ticonderoga.
爱国者带走了蒂康德罗加 同一天,第二届大陆大会相会,殖民地主义士兵在蒂孔德罗加堡对英军取得了胜利.
A rough, tough farmer named Ethan Allen and his backwoods friends had formed a group called the Green Mountain Boys.
一个叫伊森·艾伦和他的后木朋友的粗糙而坚韧的农民组成了一个叫"青山男孩"的团体.
The Congress asked the Green Mountain Boys to capture the British fort on Lake Champlain in New York.
国会要求"绿山男孩"攻克纽约尚克兰湖上的英国要塞.
Another soldier named Benedict Arnold also was ordered to attack Fort Ticonderoga.
另一位名叫本尼迪克特·阿诺德(Benedict Arnold)的士兵也奉命出击蒂康德罗加堡.
Both Arnold and Allen wanted to be the leader of the attack, so they argued all the way to Ticonderoga, but they managed to conquer the fort together on May 10, 1775.
阿诺德和艾伦都想出任进攻的先锋,于是一路争吵到蒂康德罗加,但最终于1775年5月10日成功一起征服了要塞.
The victory gave the Patriots a morale boost.
胜利使"爱国者"士气大振.
It also served as an announcement that war had indeed begun.
这还表明战争确实已经开始。
Colonists were now forced to take sides either as Loyalists, those who wanted to remain part of Britain, or as Patriots, those who wanted independence from Britain.
殖民地主义者现在被迫站在一边,要么是忠诚主义者,要么是想留在英国一部分的人,要么是想脱离英国独立的人。
The Olive Branch Petition The petition that the Second Continental Congress sent to King George III was called the Olive Branch Petition.
橄榄分会请愿 第二届大陆代表大会向国王乔治三世递交的请愿书被称作"橄榄分会请愿".
An olive branch is a symbolic offering of peace.
橄榄枝象征着和平。
Bunker Hill (and Breed’s Hill) After the Battle of Lexington, in which “the shot heard ‘round the world” started the first battle of the American Revolution, the British soldiers, led by Major John Pitcairn, had retreated to Boston.
油舱山(和布利德山) 在列克星敦战役中, " 枪手听到`环绕世界' " 发动了美国革命的第一次战役后,由约翰·皮特凯恩少校率领的英国士兵已撤退到波士顿。
The colonist soldiers camped outside Boston, gathering forces.
殖民者士兵在波士顿外扎营,集结部队.
Around 16,000 Patriot troops eventually surrounded Boston, cutting off supplies to the British.
约16 000人 爱国者部队最终包围了波士顿,切断了给英国人的补给.
With Patriot troops surrounding Boston, British General Thomas Gage worried enemy troops might fortify the hills across the Charles River from Boston— Bunker Hill and Breed’s Hill in Charlestown.
由于爱国者军包围了波士顿,英国将军托马斯·盖奇担心的敌军可能会将查尔斯河对面从波士顿-邦克山(Bunker Hill)和Breed's Hill(Breed's Hill)的查尔斯镇(Charlestown)的山地加固起来.
On the night of June 16, 1775, Patriot soldiers dug trenches into Breed’s Hill, working all night.
1775年6月16日晚,爱国者士兵在布利德的山上挖了壕沟,通宵工作.
By morning, soldiers and trenches covered the hill.
到清晨,士兵和战壕都覆盖了山上.
The British soldiers moved by ship across the Charles River with cannons blasting.
英国士兵用大炮用船越过了查尔斯河.
The minutemen were at a disadvantage: they weren’t trained well and were fighting Britain’s professional soldiers.
这些人处于劣势:他们训练不善,与英国的职业士兵作战。
The Patriots also had very little gunpowder.
爱国者也很少有火药.
In order to conserve their ammunition, Patriot officers told their soldiers to make every shot count by waiting until the British were very close before firing: “Wait until you see the whites of their eyes.”
为了保存弹药,爱国者军官们告诉士兵们通过等待到英军在射击前非常接近,来计分每一发子弹: “等待,直到你看见他们的眼睛中的白光。 “
As the British soldiers rushed the hill, the Americans held their fire until the last safe moment—the strategy worked and many British soldiers died.
当英军士兵冲上山来时,美国人一直保持着他们的火力,直到最后安全的时刻——这一策略奏效了,许多英军士兵已经死亡.
More British troops landed and attacked, with the Americans continuing to wait and then shoot.
更多的英军登陆并出击,美国人继续等待后再开枪.
Finally, after the Americans ran out of gunpowder and had to retreat, the British captured Breed’s Hill and Bunker Hill.
最后,在美国人用完火药而不得不撤退后,英国人占领了布瑞德山和邦克山.
The type of muskets (rifles) used during the Revolutionary War.
革命战争时期使用的步枪(步枪)类型.
Gunpowder was stored inside a powder horn.
火药被存放在火药角内.
NORTH AMERICA Lexington Concord Boston ATLANTIC OCEAN Charlestown British retreat Map area British troops retreated to Charlestown and crossed the river to Boston after their defeat at Lexington and Concord.
北美国列克星敦协和会 波士顿 ATLANTIC OCEAN Charlestown 英军撤退地图区 英国军队在列克星敦和协和会战被击败后撤退到查尔斯敦并渡过河去波士顿.
The British won control of the two hills at the cost of many British lives.
英国人以许多英国人的生命为代价,赢得了对两座山地的控制.
More than 1,000 British soldiers were wounded or killed, while the Patriots lost 441 men.
1000多名英国士兵被打伤或被炸死,而爱国者则损失了441人.
The Patriots gained a big boost in morale even though they lost a battle because they could fight and win a war against professional soldiers.
爱国者队虽然因为能够打出和打赢对职业士兵的战争而输了一场战役,但士气还是大有提高.
Although most of the action was seen on Breed’s Hill, the battle has come to be known as “The Battle of Bunker Hill.”
虽然大部分行动是在布瑞德山上看到的,但这场战役被称为"邦克山之战". “
General George Washington’s troops held the British captive in Boston for nearly a year.
乔治·华盛顿将军的部队在波士顿关押了英国人近一年.
He also sent forces to invade Canada to prevent the British from landing there and sending forces south into New York.
他还出兵入侵加拿大以阻止英军登陆并派遣出兵南入纽约.
The Patriots captured Montreal but failed in their attack on Quebec.
爱国者们攻克了蒙特利尔,但攻克了魁北克失败.
During the winter, Patriots used cannons they captured from the British to attack British soldiers in Boston.
在冬季,"爱国者"使用从英国人手中缴获的大炮来攻击波士顿的英国士兵.
On March 17, 1776, the British soldiers and thousands of colonists loyal to Britain left Boston, leaving Washington’s troops to march triumphantly into the city.
1776年3月17日,忠于英国的英国士兵和上千名殖民者离开波士顿,离开华盛顿出兵成功入城.
Thinking Critically HOW would seeing the Patriots using British cannons cause the British troops to react?
如何看待爱国者使用英国大炮 造成英国军队的反应?
IN YOUR MIND, how could their reaction have been an advantage or disadvantage for the Patriots?
在你看来,他们的反应 怎么会是爱国者的利弊呢?
Battling for Freedom There were dark days ahead for the Patriots, as they lost battle after battle.
争取自由联盟 爱国者们还有很黑暗的日子 因为他们在战斗中战败了
A month after the Declaration of Independence was signed, the British, under General William Howe, shipped 30,000 soldiers into New York Harbor.
在"独立宣言"签署一个月后,威廉·豪将军手下的英国人将3万名士兵运入纽约港.
The outnumbered Patriots lost the Battle of Long Island and retreated south across New Jersey to Philadelphia.
寡不敌众的"爱国者"在长岛之战中战败并南下穿越新泽西到费城.
The British occupied New York City, and won a battle in which Patriots surrendered Fort Washington.
英国人占领了纽约市,并赢得了一场爱国者投降华盛顿堡的战斗.
Declaring Independence Patriot Thomas Paine wrote a pamphlet, Common Sense, in which he declared independence to be the only correct choice for the colonists.
宣布独立 爱国者托马斯·培恩(Thomas Paine)写了一本小册子"共同感",其中他宣布独立是殖民者唯一正确的选择.
His booklet sold 150,000 copies in a few months and swayed many Loyalist colonists to the side of independence.
他的小册子在几个月内就售出15万册,并摇摆出许多忠诚的殖民者去独立一方.
In June 1776, the Continental Congress selected a committee to write a statement about the colonists’ right to be self-governing.
1776年6月,大陆代表大会选定一个委员会来撰写关于殖民者自治权的声明.
Thomas Jefferson was chosen as the actual writer.
托马斯·杰斐逊被选为真正的作家.
The Continental Congress approved the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776.
大陆大会于1776年7月4日批准了"独立宣言".
Once passed by each of the thirteen colonies, the Declaration of Independence created the United States of America.
13个殖民地各取其一后,"独立宣言"创立了美国.
“Put your John Hancock right here.”
“把你的约翰·汉考克放在这里。 “
Have you ever heard the above saying?
你听过上面的话吗?
It means, “Please sign this.”
意思是:“请签署。 “
It dates back to 1776 when John Hancock boldly signed the Declaration of Independence.
它可以追溯到1776年约翰·汉考克大胆地签署"独立宣言".
His large signature encouraged the other 53 signers to sign.
他的大型签名鼓励了其他53名签名者签名.
If Britain had won, all the signers could have been hanged as traitors.
如果英国赢了,所有签字者都有可能被绞死为叛徒.
A Spy’s End Nathan Hale, a 21-year-old teacher, volunteered to spy on British troops in New York City.
一名21岁的教师"间谍"(A Spy's End Nathan Hale)自愿在纽约市监视英国军队.
Hale was caught and hanged.
黑尔被抓住并被绞死.
His last words were: “I regret that I have but one life to give for my country.”
他的最后一句话是:“我感到遗憾的是,我只有一条生命可以给我国。 “
A statue honors Nathan Hale’s sacrifice.
一座雕像纪念了内森·黑尔的牺牲.
In October 1776, Patriot Benedict Arnold’s gunboats were defeated at Lake Champlain in Canada.
1776年10月,爱国者本尼迪克特·阿诺德的炮舰在加拿大尚普兰湖被击败.
However, the Patriots fought so fiercely that the British were concerned.
然而,爱国者们的战斗如此激烈,以致于英国人十分关心.
Conquering the rebels might not be as easy as they’ d thought.
征服叛军可能并不像他们想象的那样容易。
On December 24, 1776, George Washington and his men ferried across the Delaware River to Trenton, New Jersey.
1776年12月24日,乔治·华盛顿和手下渡过特拉华河到新泽西州特伦顿.
The Patriots won a battle there in less than an hour!
爱国者在不到一个小时的时间内赢得了一场战斗!
A few days later, Washington defeated the British at Princeton, New Jersey.
几天后,华盛顿在新泽西州普林斯顿击败了英国人.
These victories rejuvenated the Patriots’ morale.
这些胜利使爱国者的士气得到恢复。
Britain retaliated in June 1777, by moving a large army led by General John Burgoyne south from Canada.
英国于1777年6月进行报复,将由约翰·布尔戈恩将军率领的一大批军队从加拿大南下.
Burgoyne planned to conquer the Hudson River area, cutting off New England and New York from the other colonies.
布尔戈恩计划征服哈德逊河地区,切断了新英格兰和纽约与其他殖民地的联系.
On the way, Burgoyne recaptured Fort Ticonderoga.
在路上,布尔戈恩夺回了蒂康德罗加堡.
However, Patriot soldiers stopped Burgoyne’s momentum at the Battle of Saratoga in October, with Burgoyne surrendering around 6,000 men.
然而,爱国者士兵在10月的萨拉托加战役中阻止了布尔戈恩的势头,布尔戈恩投降了约6000人.
Benedict Arnold’s Plot Benedict Arnold was a brave general, but he felt Congress and the Continental Army had mistreated him.
本尼迪克特·阿诺德(Benedicto Arnold)的"平地"(Plot Benedicto Arnold)是一位勇敢的将领,但他觉得国会和大陆军对他进行了虐待.
In 1779, Washington put Arnold in charge of a fort on the lower Hudson River called West Point.
1779年,华盛顿让阿诺德负责哈德逊河下游的一个叫"西点"的要塞.
Arnold planned to sell the fort to the British.
阿诺德计划把要塞卖给英国人.
When his plan was revealed, he became a traitor and joined the British army.
他的计划被揭发后,他成为了叛徒并加入了英国军队.
The Battle of Saratoga was a turning point in the war because it proved to France and other European countries that the Patriots might win the war.
萨拉托加战役是这场战争的一个转折点,因为它向法国和其他欧洲国家证明爱国者可能赢得战争.
France joined the fight against its long- standing enemy Great Britain by sending supplies to the Continental Army.
法国通过向大陆军提供补给,加入了与自己长期站立的敌人大不列颠的战斗.
Soon after, Spain would declare war on Britain.
不久后,西班牙会向英国宣战.
Supplies grew scarcer for the Continental Army.
大陆军的物资越来越少
Soldiers often lacked food, clothing, and shelter.
士兵往往缺乏食物、衣服和住所。
The Continental Congress needed allies such as France to help supply the troops.
大陆大会需要法国等盟国帮助提供部队.
George Washington’s troops suffered through a cold and hungry winter at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, before supplies reached them.
乔治·华盛顿的军队在物资到达宾夕法尼亚州谷地福热(Valley Forge)之前,经历了一个寒冷而饥饿的冬天.
In June 1778, after that horrible winter, Washington attacked the British army, now under the command of General Henry Clinton, at the Battle of Monmouth.
1778年6月,在那个可怕的冬天后,华盛顿在蒙茅斯战役中袭击了现在由亨利·克林顿将军指挥的英国军队.
Neither side won the fight, which was the last major battle in the northern colonies.
双方都没有赢得这场战斗,这是北方殖民地上最后一场重大战役.
Southern Battles British forces captured Savannah, Georgia, in December 1778.
1778年12月,南部战役英国军队攻克了佐治亚州的萨凡纳.
Then they attacked and captured Charleston, South Carolina, in May 1780.
后于1780年5月进攻并俘虏了南卡罗来纳州的查尔斯顿.
They won yet again at Camden, South Carolina, in August 1780.
1780年8月他们在南卡罗莱纳州卡姆登再次取胜.
Many colonists in the southern colonies were Loyalists.
南部殖民地的许多殖民者都是忠烈派.
Although Britain was winning the South, the Patriots would not give up.
虽然英国赢得了南方,但爱国者不会放弃.
It’s a Grand Old Flag Congress decided on a flag for the new republic on June 14, 1777.
1777年6月14日,
It was to have thirteen stars on a blue field and thirteen red and white stripes.
它有十三颗恒星在蓝地上 和十三条红白条纹。
Many people believe Philadelphia seamstress Elizabeth “Betsy” Ross sewed the first national flag.
许多人相信费城女裁缝伊丽莎白·"贝茜"·罗斯为第一面国旗缝合.
However, no real evidence supports this story.
然而,没有任何真实证据支持这个故事.
The tide of the war started to turn in favor of the Patriots in October when they won a battle at King’s Mountain, South Carolina, in a speedy sixty-five minutes.
战争的潮流在10月开始向"爱国者"倾斜,当时他们以65分钟之快赢得了南卡罗来纳国王山一战.
They again won battles at Camden and Cowpens.
他们再次赢得了卡姆登和考平斯的战役.
Next, they forced British General Charles Cornwallis north into Virginia.
接下来,他们将英国将领查尔斯·康瓦利斯逼入弗吉尼亚.
Cornwallis had aided the British victory at Long Island and had taken command of British troops in the South.
康瓦利斯曾协助英国在长岛取得胜利并指挥了英国在南方的军队.
The Patriots’ alliance with the French began to pay off.
爱国者与法国人的联盟开始有所收效.
French soldiers helped hold the British back and fought alongside colonists as part of the troops Washington led into Virginia.
法国士兵帮助牵制了英国人后退,并和殖民者并肩作战,作为华盛顿所率领的部队进入弗吉尼亚的一部分.
The most important battle of the war was about to begin.
这场战争最重要的战役即将开始.
French ships drove off the British ships sent to rescue Cornwallis at Yorktown, on the coast of Virginia.
法国舰只将派往弗吉尼亚州海岸约克镇营救康瓦利斯的英国舰只驱出.
The French fleet also brought extra soldiers to help the fight on land.
法国舰队也带来了额外的士兵来帮助陆上的战斗.
The French and Patriot troops moved into Yorktown, surrounding the British army.
法国和爱国者部队迁入了约克镇,包围了英国军队.
The British fought for three weeks before surrendering on October 19, 1781.
英军在1781年10月19日投降前进行了三周的战斗.
The Revolutionary War was over.
革命战争已经结束。
The Patriots had won their war and were now independent from Britain.
爱国者赢得了战争 现在独立于英国
Now a group of colonies that was used to being supported by another country had to come together and build a brand new nation.
现在一群曾被另一个国家支持的殖民地,不得不联合起来,建立一个全新的国家.
Cornwallis surrenders to Washington at Yorktown Thinking Critically WHAT do you consider to be the greatest challenge faced by people of any new nation?
康瓦利斯在约克镇向华盛顿投降,
IN YOUR MIND, why might one challenge be greater than others?
在你看来,为什么一个挑战会比其他挑战更大呢?
Glossary allies (n.)
词汇同盟(n.)
people or groups that join with others for a common cause (p.
为共同事业而与他人会合的个人或团体(p.
17) amends (n.)
17)修正 (n.
acts that are intended to make up for causing a bad situation or loss (p.
旨在弥补造成不利情况或损失的行为(p.
7) colonies (n.)
7) 殖民地 (n.
areas or countries that are ruled by or belong to another country (p.
被另一国统治或属于另一国的国家(p.
4) delegates (n.)
4)代表 (n.
chosen or elected people who represent and act on behalf of others (p.
代表他人和代表他人行事的被选人或当选人(p.
5) gunpowder (n.)
5) 火药 (n.
(n.)
(无)
Loyalists (n.)
忠诚人士(不详)
citizens of the thirteen colonies who remained loyal to Great Britain during the American Revolution (p.
美国革命期间仍然忠于大不列颠的十三个殖民地的公民(p.
8) momentum (n.)
8) 势头(n.)
Patriots (n.)
爱国者(不详)
people who supported the independence of the thirteen colonies during the American Revolution (p.
美国革命期间支持十三个殖民地独立的人民(p.
8) petition (n.)
8)请愿 (n.
a formal written request, usually accompanied by the signatures of a large number of citizens (p.
正式的书面请求,通常由大量公民签名(p.
7) rebels (n.)
7) 叛军 (n.
people who speak or act out against authority (p.
言论或行动违背权威的人(p.
15) representation (n.)
15) 代表权(不详)
(adj.)
(中文(简体) ).