Arrows
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents The First Arrow.
目录 第一箭头。
4 Questions.
4 有问.
8 Answers.
8 答问.
12 Cracking the Code.
12 破解密码。
16 The Drinking Gourd.
16 饮取古德.
20 Glossary.
20 词汇表。
23 The first arrow Poloma was flinging her new ball high into the air when she made her unexpected discovery of the first arrow in the forest.
第23条 第一支箭波洛玛将她的新球高高地抛入了空中,当时她意外地发现了森林中的第一支箭.
That particular Mississippi morning, she was aiming for the Sun, launching the ball higher and higher, when it came down and bounced away.
密西西比州的那天早上 她瞄准了太阳 向上发射球 当球落地并弹出
The fast-moving ball careened off a tree trunk and ricocheted off a log, eventually coming to rest near a large, moss-covered boulder.
快速移动的球从树干上抚摸出一棵树干并旋绕出一根木头来,最终来到了一座被苔藓覆盖的大花地附近休息.
While disentangling the ball from the matted tendrils of undergrowth, Poloma noticed the mysterious arrow carved into the lower part of the massive rock.
在将球从由下层生长而成的已成熟的花纹上除去的同时,波罗玛也注意到了被雕刻入巨石下部的神秘箭.
The arrow looked like a simple carving, but almost immediately Poloma realized she’d made a significant discovery.
但几乎立刻波罗玛意识到她做了个重大发现。
She scooped up her ball and scampered home to where her grandfather rested on the porch.
她挖出她的球 并骗取回家 在那里她的祖父在门廊上休息。
His eyes appeared closed, and for a moment she wondered if she should disturb him with the news.
他的眼睛看起来很闭着,她想问她是否该用这个消息来打扰他。
“You’ve discovered something special,” he said softly, stretching awake, while his granddaughter took a seat on the swing next to him.
“你发现了一些特别的东西,”他轻而易举地说,
“You’re absolutely fidgeting with excitement.”
“你绝对是兴奋地迷惑了。 “
“I’ve found an arrow, Papa!”
「我找到一箭了,
Poloma enthusiastically kicked her feet, sending the swing swaying back and forth like a pendulum, making a gentle rhythmic sound.
波罗玛热情地踢出她的脚来,将摇摆相向地回摇摆起,像个倒扣相向,发出温柔的节奏音.
“And where is this amazing arrow that excites you so much?”
“这支令人惊叹的箭在哪里? “
Poloma told her grandfather about the bouncing ball, the boulder, and the arrow that was carved near the base of the rock.
波洛玛向外公讲述了弹出地球,巨石,以及被雕刻在地基附近的箭.
“Do you think the arrow is a glyph like the ones in my code books?”
“你是否认为这把箭就像我密码书中的活字笔? “
Poloma asked.
波罗玛问.
“Maybe it’s a Mayan hieroglyphic; the Mayans used tiny pictures instead of words and letters.
“也许这是玛雅象形文字,
Maybe the Mayans carved the arrow,” Poloma guessed.
也许玛雅人雕刻出箭来,"波罗玛猜想.
Papa pulled himself out of the swing and smiled down at his granddaughter.
爸爸把自己从秋千上拉出来,并笑倒了孙女.
“That’s an extremely good question,” he said, “but I doubt that the Mayans carved rocks around here because the Mayans lived hundreds of miles south of here in Mexico and Central America.
“这是一个非常好的问题,”他说,“但我怀疑玛雅人在这里雕刻了石头,因为玛雅人住在墨西哥和中美洲以南数百英里的地方。
However, your arrow might indeed represent some strange code, but before we jump to any irrational conclusions, let’s conduct a little research to find out.”
然而,你的箭也许确实代表着一些奇怪的密码,但在我们得出任何非理性结论之前,让我们先做一点研究来发现。 “
Poloma’s grandfather knew about codes; in fact, he was a veteran who had been decorated for his work with cryptography during World War II.
Poloma的祖父知道密码;事实上,他是一个老兵,因二战期间他从事密码学工作而得到装饰。
Papa and other Native American Code T alkers had helped the United States and its allies win the war by sending secret messages.
爸爸和其他美洲原住民法典 T alkers通过传递秘密信息帮助了美国及其盟友赢得了战争.
“Will you tell me again, Papa?”
“爸爸,你再说一遍好吗? “
Poloma pleaded.
波罗玛恳求.
She loved to hear the Code Talker story, even though she’d heard it many times before.
尽管她以前听过很多次,
She especially enjoyed hearing about the Mississippi Choctaw Code Talkers like her grandfather.
她特别喜欢听到密西西比州乔克托夫的谈话者 像她外公一样
“Come,” her grandfather said, as he took her hand, “I think we should visit your puzzling arrow, and I’ll tell you about the Code Talkers as we walk through the woods.”
她的祖父说,当他握起她的手时,“我认为我们应该拜访你那令人费解的箭头,我们穿过森林时,我会向你们讲讲《守则》讲解者。 “
As they made their way toward the boulder, Papa recounted the story of the Code Talkers and how they had sent messages that no one else could interpret.
当他们向巨石走去时,爸爸讲述了"密码谈话者"的故事,以及他们如何发出其他人无法解释的信息.
Questions “We spoke into walkie-talkie radios,” he explained, “and we only used Choctaw words that would be unintelligible to outsiders.
“我们用对讲机对讲机说话”,他解释说,“我们只使用外人无法理解的乔克托夫语。
The Code Talker on the other end received my message and translated it into English for Allied soldiers.
另一端的代码谈话者收到我的信息,并将其翻译成了盟军士兵的英语.
If enemies were listening, they wouldn’t be able to comprehend any words whatsoever.”
如果敌人在听的话, “
This group of Oklahoma Choctaw soldiers from World War I paved the way for other native languages to be used as codes in World War II.
这群来自一战的俄克拉何马·乔克托夫(英语:Oklahoma Choctaw (film soldiers))士兵为其他本土语言在二战中用作代码铺平了道路.
Poloma and her grandfather were at the boulder now.
Poloma和她祖父现在在巨石园
They knelt down, and Poloma pointed to the roughly carved arrow.
他们跪下,波罗玛指向了被雕刻的箭.
Wind and rain had eroded the arrow’s edges so that it was nearly invisible to anyone who was not carefully examining the stone.
风雨侵蚀了箭头的边缘,使任何没有仔细检查石块的人几乎看不见。
“What do you think it means?”
“你认为这意味着什么? “
she asked.
她问。
Papa traced his finger back and forth over the carving.
爸爸在雕刻机上 前后追踪手指
“I can’t say for certain,” he said.
“我不能肯定,”他说。
“It’s a very old carving, but it’s hard to estimate how old.
“这是一个很古老的雕刻,
It’s a difficult and complicated process to determine how old a carving is.”
要确定雕刻的年代, “
“How do people know?”
“人们怎么知道? “
Poloma asked.
波罗玛问.
“Well, there are many ways.
“有许多办法。
Remember the cave paintings we saw last summer, and the ancient fossils and bones we saw at the natural history museum?
记得去年夏天我们看到的洞穴画吗? 还有我们在自然历史博物馆看到的古代化石和骨头?
Scientists use a method called carbon dating to figure out how old those things are.”
科学家使用一种叫做"碳约会"的方法 来找出这些东西的年代。 “
“Can we use it to find out how old our arrow is?”
“我们可以用它来查明我们的箭已经老了多少? “
Poloma asked.
波罗玛问.
“Possibly—someone could date the plants in the cracks nearest to the carving,” Papa told her.
" 有可能,有人可以在离雕刻最近的裂缝中同植物约会 " 。
“But let’s try an alternative method.
" 但让我们尝试另一种方法。
Let’s study the arrow and its environment for more clues.”
让我们研究箭头及其环境, “
Poloma peered at the arrow for a long time.
波罗玛长时间在箭口对接.
Suddenly, she had an idea.
突然,她有一个想法。
“I know!”
“我知道!”
she shouted.
她喊着
“Maybe we should explore where the arrow is pointing?”
“也许我们应该探讨箭指向何处? “
The arrow was pointing toward another boulder nearby.
箭指向附近的另一块巨石
Poloma and Papa followed it and found the second arrow almost immediately.
波罗玛和爸爸紧随其后,几乎立刻发现了第二支箭.
The second arrow was pointing in the same direction as the first so they followed that one, too.
第二支箭指向与第一支箭相同的方向,所以他们也跟着这支箭去。
It led to another boulder, and another arrow, which led to yet another, and then another arrow.
又取出又一石取出,又取出一箭取出,又取出一箭取出.
There were six arrows in all.
时有六箭相出.
“What do you think it means, Papa?”
“...... 你觉得这意味着什么,爸爸? “
Poloma asked as she ran her finger over the sixth arrow.
波罗玛在用手指跑过第六箭时问道.
“I think it means we should look for the next arrow,” Papa laughed.
“我认为这意味着我们应该寻找下一支箭,”爸爸笑了。
“The arrows are sending us somewhere for some inexplicable reason, and I’m champing at the bit to see where and why.”
「箭头正把我们送到某个地方, “
They continued on in the direction the arrows had been leading them but saw no more boulders.
他们继续朝箭头的方向走去,但再也看不到巨石了。
The arrows led them abruptly toward a stream.
箭头突然引向了一条小溪
“What should we do?”
“我们该怎么办? “
Poloma asked.
波罗玛问.
“I suppose we should cross the stream.
“我想我们应该跨越河流。
It looks very shallow, so if we tiptoe from stone to stone, perhaps we’ll find another arrow on the other side.
我们或许会在另一边再找一箭。
Hold my hand tight; we’ll cross together.”
握紧我的手, “
Answers They crossed the stream, holding hands, stepping carefully.
答复 他们穿过了溪流,手牵手,小心地走.
When they reached the other side, they nearly toppled over the next boulder.
当他们到达另一边时,他们几乎俯冲了下一个巨石.
It was almost entirely obscured by a grove of old pine trees at the top of an embankment.
它几乎完全被一堤顶上一株老松树所遮掩.
“Do you think there’s anything carved on it?”
“你认为上面刻有什么东西吗? “
Poloma asked.
波罗玛问.
“Let’s take a look,” Papa said.
「让我们看看,
They knelt down together, side by side, and examined the boulder.
他们一起跪下,并肩而行,检查了巨石.
At first they couldn’t find an arrow or any other carving, and they were about to give up when Poloma screeched.
起初他们找不到一箭或其他雕刻,
“I found something!
“我发现了一些东西!
I found something!”
我发现了一些东西!”
them out.”
他们出去了。 “
“I’m afraid you’ll have to read them to me.”
" 我担心你不得不读给我听。 “
Papa stood up slowly, rubbing his knees.
爸爸慢慢地站起来 擦出膝盖
“Glaucoma and rheumatism aren’t the best assets for would-be explorers.
“光眼和风湿不是未来探险家的最佳资产。
I’ll never be able to read those tiny marks with my poor eyesight, and my joints are aching from all this crawling around in the brush.”
我将永远无法读取那些细小的痕迹, “
Poloma crawled closer to the boulder and pored over the letters.
波罗玛爬到更靠近巨石地上,并翻过字母.
It took her a long time, but she was finally able to read them all.
花了她很长一段时间,但她终于能够读出全部.
“They don’t make sense as words from any language I’ve ever seen,” she said.
”她说,
“I’ll say them to you, but it looks like gibberish to me.”
“我会告诉你, “
Poloma read each letter out loud, very slowly.
波罗玛将每封信大声读出,非常缓慢.
When she was finished, she said, “Maybe they’re a code.
她写完之后说,“也许它们是密码。
Do you think they could be a code, Papa?”
你觉得他们可能是密码吗,爸爸? “
“Read them again,” Papa said.
“再读一遍,”爸爸说。
“Maybe I can make some sense of them if you read them again.”
“如果你再读一遍,也许我能理解他们。 “
Poloma said the series of letters again.
波利玛又说这一系列字母.
As she recited them, she could hear her grandfather’s footsteps.
她能听到外公的脚步声。
He was anxiously walking with a measured gait through the dead leaves and pine needles.
他焦急地走着 有节制地走在枯叶和松针上
Papa always paced when he had something important to mull over.
爸爸总是在有重要事情要考虑的时候 节奏加快
“Do they mean anything to you?”
“它们对你有什么意义吗? “
she asked when she was done.
她问什么时候完成。
“I’m not exactly sure,” Papa told her.
我不确定,
“But I think it’s a cipher, and I think I recognize it.”
我认得它。 “
Poloma knew what a cipher was.
波罗玛知道密码是什么
It was a code that substituted letters or numbers for the real letters in a message.
是一个代号,用来替换信息中的真实字母的字母或数字.
“Ciphers like that one have been used in many wars to conceal strategic information from the enemy,” Papa explained.
“在许多战争中,像这样的记者被用来向敌人隐瞒战略信息。”
“Reading a message created with a cipher is easy if you know the key to the code.”
“如果知道密码的关键,读取用密码生成的信息是很容易的。 “
Cracking the Code “Did you use a cipher in the war?”
破解代码 “你在战争中使用密码了吗? “
Poloma asked.
波罗玛问.
“We used a kind of cipher, substituting Choctaw names of things found in nature for military equipment like tanks and machine guns.
“我们使用了某种密码,取而代之的是诸如坦克和机枪等军事设备在自然界中发现的事物的名称。
I also heard about some very complicated cryptograms used in World War II.
我还听说了二战中使用的一些非常复杂的密码图.
The Germans had a very sophisticated device called the Enigma Machine that was a kind of mechanical computer that substituted letters for other letters.
德国人有一个非常精密的装置,叫做"恩尼格玛机器"(Enigma Machine),是一种机械计算机,用来替代其他字母的字母.
But the first substitution cipher was invented by the Roman emperor Julius Caesar more than 2,000 years ago.”
但第一个替代密码是2000多年前由罗马皇帝尤利乌斯·凯撒所发明. “
“I wonder if these letters were used in a war, too,” Poloma pondered.
Poloma思考了这些字母是否也用于战争。
Papa contemplated that.
爸爸考虑过
He paced for a very long time, and then he halted beside his granddaughter and cleared his throat.
他步入了很长一段时间,然后他停在外孙女旁边并清除了喉咙.
“I think I remember something,” he said.
“我想我记得一些事情,”他说。
“As you may recall, a great war took place right around here.”
“你们可能记得,就在这里发生了一场大战争。 “
“The Civil War—right, Papa?”
" 内战 - 对不对,爸爸? “
Poloma asked.
波罗玛问.
“Yes.
“对。
About 150 years ago, the Civil War was fought to free the slaves in the South.
大约150年前,南北战争为解放南方的奴隶而战.
I think I recall reading that the soldiers and spies in the North used a special cipher.”
我记得我读到过 北方的士兵和间谍 使用了特殊的密码 “
“Do you remember what it was, Papa?”
“你还记得是什么吗,爸爸? “
“It was similar to the Caesar Cipher.
“这与凯撒·塞弗类似。
Read me the letters again.”
再给我读读信 “
Poloma read the letters slowly.
波罗玛慢慢读出字母.
Papa shook his head and placed a gentle hand on his granddaughter’s shoulder.
爸爸摇出头来,用温柔的手打在孙女的肩膀上。
“You forgot the spaces,” he said.
他说,“你忘记了空间。”
“Read the letters again, and don’t forget the spaces between the words.”
“再读一遍这些字母, “
Poloma read the letters again.
波罗玛又读了这些信.
This time she was careful to pause whenever she saw a space.
这一次,她小心地暂停 当她看到一个空间。
As she was repeating the letters, she remembered something that she had noticed in codes she had deciphered before.
当她重复这些信件时,她想起了她以前破译过的密码中注意到的一些事.
Most sentences contained at least one short common word, and this one was no exception.
大多数句子至少包含一个简短的普通词,这个也不例外.
“I think I see some interesting patterns of letters,” she said.
“我想我看到了一些有趣的字母模式,”她说。
“Let’s say the letters combine to form words.
" 让我们说这些字母结合起来形成词.
One of the words has three letters.
一一字有三信.
Let’s assume that it’s a common word.
让我们假设这是一个通用语。
like and?”
怎么样? “
“Or the,” Poloma suggested.
" 或者, " Poloma建议。
“There has to be one common word in a sentence.”
“在句子中必须有一个共同的词。 “
Poloma and Papa were quiet for several minutes as they considered the three letters.
Poloma和Papa在考虑这三封信时安静了几分钟.
“I don’t think it’s and,” Papa said.
「我不认为是,
“The letters don’t make sense.”
“这些信件没有意义。 “
“But it could be the,” Poloma said.
Poloma说:“但它可能是,”
“Maybe the letters uif stand for the in some way.”
“也许这些字母在某种程度上代表了这一点。 “
Papa was smiling now.
爸爸现在在笑
“You are a brilliant girl,” he said.
他说,“你是一个出色的女孩。”
“What letter precedes u in the alphabet?”
“字母表中在u前面哪个字母? “
“T,” Poloma said.
“T,”Poloma说。
“And the letter h comes before i, and the letter e comes before f.
“H字母出现在我之前,e字母出现在f之前。
This is a substitute-letter cipher, Papa!”
这是代字母密码,爸爸!”
“Yes!
“对!
I remember now!
我现在记得了!
During the Civil War, some Northern spies and soldiers used a code called the advance cipher.
南北战争期间,一些北方间谍和士兵使用被称作先发密码的密码.
They advanced each letter one letter of the alphabet.”
他们向每个字母推进字母表的一个字母. “
The Drinking Gourd Once they had cracked the code, it was easy to read the message.
饮用古德 一旦破解了密码,就很容易读到信息。
“I know what it says, Papa.
“我知道上面写了些什么,爸爸。
It says, ‘Follow the Drinking Gourd.’
上曰:"随取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取出取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取 " ; "
But I don’t know what the message means.
但我不知道这个消息是什么意思。
Do you know what it means?”
你知道这意味着什么吗? “
Papa was pacing again now, and Poloma could tell that he was meditating on the significance of what they had found.
爸爸现在又在节奏了,波罗玛可以告诉大家,他在冥想他们找到的东西的意义.
“Before the end of the war,” he said, “many slaves longed to escape to freedom in the North.
他说,“在战争结束之前,许多奴隶渴望在北方逃出自由。
They followed what was called the Underground Railroad, which wasn’t literally a railroad, but instead was a series of routes and directions and safe houses that led the slaves northward.
他们跟随所谓的"地铁", 这条铁路其实不是一条铁路, 而是一系列路线和方向以及安全屋,
Some slaves who had escaped returned to help other slaves.”
一些已经出逃的奴隶返回帮助其他奴隶. “
“But who carved the arrows, Papa?”
“但谁雕出箭来? “
“I’m not sure if we’ll ever know that,” Papa said.
“我不知道我们是否会知道,
“It might have been a Northern spy trying to help.
“可能是北方间谍试图提供帮助。
It might have been a returning slave who had learned the cipher in the North.
可能是回到北方的奴隶 学会了密码
Or maybe it had nothing to do with the war.
也可能和战争无关
Who knows?
谁知道呢?
Maybe some children were playing a game.”
也许有些孩子在玩游戏 “
“Did escaping slaves ever carve directions in trees or rocks?”
“逃出奴隶是否曾在树木或岩石上雕刻过方向? “
Poloma asked.
波罗玛问.
“I’ve never heard of such an occurrence, but every day people uncover new information about the Underground Railroad.
“我从未听说过这样的事件,
Just recently, someone discovered a hidden tunnel and a secret room in a house in Iowa where slaves hid out on their journey north to Canada.
就在最近,有人在爱荷华州的一所房子里发现了一个隐藏的地道和一个密室,奴隶们在北上去加拿大的路上躲了起来.
Many escaping slaves traveled all the way north to Canada after the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 made it more difficult for them to find freedom in the northern United States.”
1850年"逃亡奴隶法案"颁布后,许多逃亡奴隶一路北上到加拿大,使他们更难在美国北部找到自由. “
“What does ‘Follow the Drinking Gourd’ mean?”
" " 追随饮道"是什么意思? “
Poloma asked.
波罗玛问.
“The Drinking Gourd is the constellation of seven stars now called the Big Dipper, which can always be found in the northern sky of the United States.
“饮用古德是七颗星的星座,现在称为"大地盘"(Big Dipper),它总是可以在美国北方天空中找到.
Slaves followed the Drinking Gourd from safe house to safe house, until they finally reached freedom.”
奴隶们跟随饮用古德从安全屋到安全屋,直到他们最终得到自由. “
The Sun was beginning to set, and tiny slivers of light were flickering through the branches.
太阳开始落下 细小的光线从树枝上闪来
Poloma took her flashlight from her backpack, turned it on, and took her grandfather’s hand.
Poloma从背包取出手电筒,
By the time they were back on the other side of the stream, the Sun had disappeared.
等他们回到溪口的另一边时,太阳已经消失了.
Poloma stopped and scanned the sky.
波罗玛停止并扫描了天空.
“Are you looking for the Drinking Gourd?”
“你在找喝的古德吗? “
her grandfather asked.
她爷爷问。
“There it is!”
“就在这里!”
Poloma was pointing to the bright cluster of stars in the sky.
波罗玛指向了天空中明亮的星团.
“Shall we follow it?”
“我们应当遵循它吗? “
“It’s your decision.
" 这是你的决定。
Are we heading north?”
我们要往北走吗? “
Poloma thought about that for a moment.
波罗玛想了一会儿
The Drinking Gourd would lead them back across the stream, past the boulder with the cipher, and on to places north.
喝酒的古德会带他们回到河上 用密码穿过巨石,然后往北走
“We need to go south, Papa.”
“我们需要去南方,爸爸。”
Poloma and Papa turned.
波洛玛和爸爸转了身
They moved slowly, like creeping night creatures.
他们移动缓慢, 像爬行的夜间生物。
The light from Poloma’s flashlight led them away from the North Star, past the arrows pointing the other way, out of the woods, and home.
波洛马手电筒的光把他们引出北极星,穿过箭头指向了另一条路,走出了树林,回到了家.