United States
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Coming to America.
来美国目录.
4 Seeking a Better Life.
4. 寻求更美好的生活。
5 Gold in the West.
五金入西方.
7 Settling in the City.
7 设所入城.
9 Gateways to America.
9个通往美国的出入口.
11 Anti-immigrant Backlash.
11反移民回击.
12 Immigration Slows Down.
12 移民减速。
13 A New Era.
13 A 新纪元.
14 Conclusion.
14 结论。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Coming to America “Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free.”
16来美国 “给我你的疲倦和可怜的人,你的抱住的群众渴望呼吸自由。 “
These famous words from the poem “The New Colossus,” by Emma Lazarus, are carved on the base of the Statue of Liberty in New York City.
这些出自艾玛·拉扎鲁斯所写的诗作"The New Colossus"的出名词被刻在了纽约市的自由女神像的地基上.
The statue—a gift from France to the United States in 1886—was meant to celebrate the friendship between the two nations.
雕像是法国1886年送给美国的礼物,意在庆祝两国之间的友谊。
Over time, though, it became something more.
然而,随着时间的推移,它变得更加重要。
For the millions of immigrants who saw the Statue of Liberty as they sailed into New York Harbor on their way to Ellis Island, it was a sign of hope.
数百万移民在前往埃利斯岛的途中,看到自由女神像驶入纽约港,这对他们来说是一个希望的征兆.
It remains a powerful symbol of freedom and of immigration.
它仍然是自由和移民的有力象征。
A group of children emigrating from Austria wave to the Statue of Liberty as they arrive in the United States.
一群儿童从奥地利移民到美国时被波及到自由女神像.
Seeking a Better Life Immigration to the United States began long before the country was founded.
寻求更好的生活移民美国早在建国前就开始了.
In the 1600s, thousands of Europeans began immigrating to what would become the United States.
1600年代,数千名欧洲人开始移民到美国。
In most cases, Europeans stole land and drove out the Native peoples who already lived there.
在大多数情况下,欧洲人偷走了土地并赶走了已经在那里生活的土著人民。
Many people came in hopes of gaining land and wealth.
许多人前来希望获得土地和财富。
Some wanted to practice their religion freely.
有些人想自由信奉自己的宗教。
Others came to escape war or violence.
其他人来躲避战争和暴力。
For centuries, immigration rates were steady but low.
几个世纪以来,移民率稳定但很低。
Beginning in the 1830s, however, immigrants started coming to the United States in much larger numbers.
然而,从1830年代开始,移民开始大量涌入美国。
Many immigrants were attracted by the promise of cheap land and high wages.
许多移民被廉价土地和高工资的承诺所吸引.
For others, the United States was their only chance of survival.
对其他国家来说,美国是他们生存的唯一机会。
Source: U.
资料来源:U。
S.
师曰.
Department of Homeland Security 1830s1840s1850s1860s1870s1880s1890s1900s 1910s1920s1930s Decades Number of Immigrants (millions) Immigration to the United States: 1830–1939 Between 1845 and 1849, a blight, or disease, destroyed Irish potato crops.
国土安全部 1830s1840s1850s1860s1870s1880s1890s1900s 1910s1920s1930s 前往美国的移民人数(百万):1830-1939年 1845年到1849年间,一种衰老或疾病摧毁了爱尔兰土豆作物.
Irish farmers depended on the crops for both income and food.
爱尔兰农民的收入和食物都依赖作物。
When their potato crops failed, more than one million Irish people died of starvation and disease.
当他们的马铃薯收成失败后,超过一百万爱尔兰人死于饥饿和疾病.
Over one million more moved to the United States.
另有一百万多人移居美国.
By 1850, there were more Irish-born citizens in New York City than in Dublin, the largest city in Ireland.
到1850年,纽约市出生的爱尔兰公民多于爱尔兰最大城市都柏林.
The potato blight affected other parts of Europe, too, including Germany.
土豆灾祸也影响了欧洲其他地区,包括德国。
Food shortages, combined with poverty and conflict, caused many Germans to leave their home country.
粮食短缺,加上贫穷和冲突,造成许多人 德出出家国.
Five million Germans moved to the United States during the 1800s.
1800年代期间有500万德国人移居到美国.
Most settled in the Midwest, where the soil and climate were like those of Germany.
大部分人定居于中西部,那里的土壤和气候与德国相似.
A majority of German and Irish immigrants were Catholic.
大多数德国和爱尔兰移民是天主教徒。
Because they did not share the same religion and culture as the majority of the United States’ population, they faced more widespread opposition than earlier immigrants.
因为他们与美国大多数人口没有相同的宗教和文化,因此比起早先的移民,他们面临更普遍的反对.
Immigrants on a crowded ship arrive in New York City.
乘坐拥挤船只的移民抵达了纽约市.
Gold in the West In 1848, gold was discovered in California.
1848年,在加利福尼亚州发现了黄金.
This discovery led to a large wave of immigration to the West Coast of the United States.
这一发现导致大量移民到美国西海岸.
About one-third of gold-seekers came from abroad.
约三分之一的淘金者来自国外.
Many came from countries such as Mexico, France, the West Indies, and China, where few immigrants had come from before.
许多移民来自墨西哥,法国,西印度群岛等地,而中国的移民也很少来自此地.
The Homestead Act of 1862 attracted many European immigrants to the Midwest.
1862年的"家园法案"吸引了许多欧洲移民来中西部.
United States citizens and immigrants could receive 160 acres (64 hectares) of land in exchange for a small fee and a promise to farm the land for five years.
美国公民和移民可以得到160英亩(64公顷)的土地来换取一个小的收费,并许诺将土地耕种5年.
This land had been taken from Native peoples, who were forced from their ancestral homes and relocated by the U.
这块地是土著人民取走的,他们被迫离开祖传家园,被U迁移。
S.
师曰.
government.
政府。
Government officials hoped the Homestead Act would help the United States expand westward.
政府官员希望"家园法案"能帮助美国向西扩张.
The Homestead Act A family of homesteaders pose in front of their house made of sod, a mix of dirt and grass.
《家居法案》规定,一个家庭的家居者在由土和草混合而成的房屋前摆出姿势。
Some people believed that only native-born American citizens should be able to mine gold.
有些人认为只有土生土长的美国公民才能开采出黄金.
As available land and gold became limited, anti- immigrant sentiment grew.
随着可得到的土地和黄金变得有限,反移民情绪逐渐增强.
In 1850, California’s government passed the Foreign Miner’s Tax.
1850年,加州政府通过了"外国矿工税".
The tax required immigrant miners to pay $20 a month, equal to about $660 today.
税收要求移民矿工每月支付20美元,相当于今天约660美元.
It was later repealed and replaced with another tax that specifically targeted Chinese miners.
后来被废止,取而代之的是另一种专门针对中国矿工的税收.
Chinese immigrants often faced discrimination.
中国移民经常面临歧视.
Companies paid Chinese immigrants significantly less than white workers.
公司付给华人移民的薪酬大大低于白人工人.
Because of this, white Americans feared they would lose their jobs to Chinese immigrants.
因为这个原因,美国白人担心他们会被中国移民丢掉工作.
Competition for work led to resentment and even hatred.
工作竞争导致怨恨甚至仇恨.
Responding to anti-Chinese sentiment, Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which barred most Chinese workers from coming to the United States, in May 1882.
针对反华情绪,国会于1882年5月通过了"中国排斥法",禁止了大多数中国工人来美国.
It was the first U.
这是第一个U。
S.
师曰.
immigration law to target a particular ethnic group.
移民法针对某一特定族裔群体。
Chinese immigrants build railroad tracks through California’s Sierra Nevada mountains in 1877.
中国移民于1877年通过加利福尼亚的内华达山脉修筑了铁路轨道.
Thousands of Chinese immigrants helped build railroads across the West.
上千名华人移民帮助建设了跨越西方的铁路.
Settling in the City The 1880s saw the start of another massive wave of immigration, this time primarily from Southern and Eastern Europe.
在城里摆放 1880年代又开始了一波大规模的移民潮,这次主要来自南欧和东欧.
Beginning in the 1880s, Italians started moving to America in large numbers to escape poverty and high taxes.
从1880年代开始,意大利人开始大量移居到美国以摆脱贫困和高税收.
Between 1880 and 1920, more than four million Italians, mostly from southern Italy, moved to the United States.
1880年至1920年间,超过400万意大利人,大部分来自意大利南部,移居美国.
Jewish Europeans made up another large segment of immigrants starting in the late nineteenth century.
从19世纪后期开始,犹太裔欧洲人又组成了另一大部分移民.
Beginning in the 1880s, anti- Jewish sentiment in Eastern Europe led to violent attacks against Jewish people.
从1880年代开始,东欧的反犹太情绪导致了对犹太人的暴力攻击.
These attacks destroyed Jewish towns and killed thousands of people.
这些袭击摧毁了犹太城镇并杀害了上千人.
Between 1880 and 1920, more than two million Jewish immigrants arrived in the United States to escape religious persecution.
1880年至1920年间,有200多万犹太移民抵达美国以逃避宗教迫害.
Mulberry Street was the main street of Little Italy in New York City.
穆尔贝里街是纽约市小意大利的主要街道.
A majority of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe stayed in New York City.
大多数来自南欧和东欧的移民留在了纽约市.
There they established small, tight-knit communities of people from the same country.
他们在那里建立了由来自同一个国家的人组成的小型、紧密结合的社区。
They established churches or synagogues, businesses, and social clubs, and maintained many of the customs and traditions of their home country.
他们建立了教堂或犹太会堂,企业,以及社会俱乐部,并保持了自己祖国的许多习俗和传统.
These neighborhoods were given nicknames such as “Little Italy” or “Little Russia.”
这些街区被冠以"小意大利"或"小俄罗斯"等绰号. “
In these communities, immigrants could live among people who shared their language, religious beliefs, and culture.
在这些社区中,移民可以生活在分享其语言、宗教信仰和文化的人中间。
Immigrants often lived together in low-rise buildings crammed with many tiny apartments.
移民往往住在楼下楼下,挤满许多小公寓。
These buildings were called tenements.
这些建筑被称为地租.
Rent was low, but so was the quality of life.
租金很低,但生活质量也很低。
Often there was little light or fresh air, no indoor bathroom, and no privacy.
往往光线和新鲜空气很少,没有室内浴室,没有隐私。
Most tenement apartments used coal stoves, which made the air dirty and dark.
大多数租房公寓都使用煤炉,这使得空气脏而暗.
By law, there was supposed to be one outhouse for every twenty residents in a building, but no one enforced these rules.
根据法律,每20个居民在一栋建筑中应该有一个外屋,但没有人执行这些规则。
Diseases spread quickly because of overcrowding.
由于过度拥挤,疾病迅速蔓延。
Tenement Life Ten to twelve immigrants often lived in one room.
租赁生活 10到12名移民往往住在一个房间里。
Gateways to America In 1892, the federal government opened the Ellis Island immigration station in New York Harbor.
通往美国的通道 1892年,联邦政府在纽约港开设了埃利斯岛移民站.
An immigration station was the first stop for immigrants coming to the United States.
一个移民站是移民来美国的第一站.
There it was decided whether someone would be allowed to stay in the United States or be sent back to their home country.
在那里决定了是否允许某人留在美国,或被送回其本国。
Ellis Island was the biggest immigration station in the nation.
埃利斯岛是全国最大的移民站.
Before immigrants could leave the island and begin their new lives, they had to pass a health exam and an interview.
在移民离开该岛开始新生活之前,他们必须通过健康考试和面试.
The fear of being turned away earned the island one of its nicknames: “Island of Tears.”
害怕被驱走使该岛得来一个绰号:“泪之岛”。 “
By the time Ellis Island closed in 1954, more than twelve million people had passed through it.
到1954年埃利斯岛关闭时,已有1200多万人经过.
Angel Island in San Francisco Bay was the largest immigration station on the West Coast.
旧金山天使岛 湾是西海岸最大的移民站.
It was open from 1910 to 1940, during which time an estimated one million immigrants passed through.
从1910年到1940年开放,在此期间估计有一百万移民经过.
Most of these immigrants were from China, Japan, India, Mexico, and the Philippines.
这些移民大多来自中国,日本,印度,墨西哥和菲律宾.
An immigrant family arrives at Ellis Island.
一个移民家庭来到了埃利斯岛.
Anti-immigrant Backlash The sudden arrival of a large number of immigrants in the 1800s led to a rise in nativism, the belief that American-born citizens should have more rights than immigrants.
反移民 1800年代大批移民突然到来,导致纳蒂维主义抬头,认为美国出生的公民应该拥有比移民更多的权利.
To nativists and the U.
给纳提维主义者和U
S.
师曰.
government, there were “desirable” and “undesirable” immigrants.
有“不受欢迎”和“不受欢迎”的移民。
Race, wealth, nationality, and political and religious beliefs affected whether an immigrant would be welcome in their new home.
种族、财富、国籍和政治及宗教信仰影响到移民是否在其新家园受到欢迎。
If an immigrant wasn’t white and Protestant, or if they didn’t speak English, they would often face discrimination.
如果移民不是白人和新教徒,
The government passed laws to decrease the number of immigrants the government deemed “undesirable.”
政府通过法律减少政府认为“不受欢迎”的移民人数。 “
Through the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 and the Immigration Act of 1924, the government established a system of quotas that limited the number of people who could immigrate to the United States on a country- by-country basis.
通过紧急配额 1921年法案和1924年移民法,政府建立了配额制度,限制可以逐国移民美国的人数.
The system allowed Northern and Western Europeans to enter the United States easily.
该系统允许北欧和西欧人轻松地进入美国.
It made it much more difficult for those from Eastern and Southern Europe, however.
然而,这对东欧和南欧国家来说却困难得多。
Immigrants from many Asian countries were banned completely.
许多亚洲国家的移民被完全禁止。
Immigration Slows Down During the twentieth century, several events affected the rates of immigration to the United States.
移民减缓 20世纪期间,多起事件影响了向美国移民的速度.
In the early part of the century, people coming to the United States from Europe traveled by steamship.
本世纪初,从欧洲来美国的人乘坐蒸汽船出行.
When World War I broke out in 1914, most steamships were being used by the military.
世界大战时 1914年我爆发了,大部分蒸汽船被军方所使用.
Transatlantic travel became very difficult.
跨大西洋旅行变得非常困难.
After the war ended, immigrants from countries the United States had fought against were viewed with suspicion and made unwelcome.
战争结束后,来自美国所对抗的国家的移民受到怀疑,并受到不欢迎。
The Great Depression of the 1930s caused high levels of unemployment and poverty in the United States, which discouraged people from moving there.
1930年代的大萧条造成美国高失业率和高贫困,令人们不敢移居到美国.
Because some Americans worried that immigrants would take all the available work, at least one million Mexicans and Mexican Americans were repatriated, or forced to return, to Mexico.
因为一些美国人担心移民会占用所有可用的工作,所以至少有一百万墨西哥人和墨西哥裔美国人被遣返,或者被迫返回墨西哥.
Immigration rates did not rise again until the 1950s, when people began fleeing political turmoil in Cuba and Southeast Asia.
直到1950年代人们开始逃离古巴和东南亚的政治动荡,移民率才再次上升.
Farm workers often lived in tent camps during the Great Depression.
在大萧条期间,农场工人经常住在帐篷营地.
A New Era In 1965, the U.
A New Era in 1965, the U. 新纪元 1965年 U.
S.
师曰.
with skills deemed useful to immigrate.
拥有被认为有助于移民的技能。
Immigrants who had become U.
成为U的移民
S.
师曰.
citizens could now sponsor relatives.
公民现在可以赞助亲属。
Citizens who sponsor relatives promise to provide them with financial support if they are granted a visa, a document that allows a person to stay in a country for a certain period of time.
赞助亲属的公民承诺,如果他们获得签证,将向他们提供经济支助,这种证件允许一个人在一个国家停留一段时间。
This led to a huge increase in the number of Latin American immigrants, particularly from Mexico.
这导致拉丁美洲移民,特别是来自墨西哥的移民人数大幅增加.
In 2016, nearly half of all immigrants to the United States were relatives of U.
2016年,美国近一半的移民是U的亲属.
S.
师曰.
citizens.
公民们
Most immigrants entering the United States today come from Asia and Latin America.
今天进入美国的移民大多来自亚洲和拉丁美洲.
Some come to join their families.
有些人来加入他们的家庭。
Others come to find job opportunities or to escape political instability in their home country.
其他人来寻找就业机会或逃避本国的政治不稳定。
President Lyndon B.
林登总统 B.
Johnson signs the 1965 immigration bill.
约翰逊签署1965年移民法案.
Conclusion Immigrants today experience many of the same obstacles earlier generations of immigrants did.
今天,移民们遭遇了许多同几代移民一样的障碍。
Aside from the many challenges of moving to a new country, such as finding work, adapting to a new culture, and sometimes learning a new language, immigrants may face prejudice and discrimination.
除了向新国家迁移的许多挑战之外,例如寻找工作、适应新文化以及有时学习新语言,移民可能面临偏见和歧视。
Yet the United States has become a diverse and vibrant country because of the people who have chosen to make it their home.
然而,美国已经成为一个多样化和充满生机的国家,因为人们选择把它变成自己的家园。
Regardless of where they were born or what their differences may be, nearly everyone who moves to the United States does so with the same hope: to make a better life for themselves and their family.
无论他们在哪里出生,也无论他们有何不同,几乎所有移居美国的人都怀着同样的希望这样做:为自己和家庭创造更美好的生活。
Today, people who want to permanently live and work in the United States can apply for a Permanent Resident Card, sometimes known as a “green card” because of its color.
今天,想在美国永久居住和工作的人可以申请永久居民卡,有时因其颜色而被称为"绿卡".
This is different from a visa.
这和签证不一样
A person with a green card has most, but not all, of the same rights as a U.
持"绿卡"的人拥有大部分,但不是全部与U相同的权利.
S.
师曰.
citizen.
公民们
After five years, a person with a green card can apply to become a U.
五年后,持绿卡的人可以申请成为U.
S.
师曰.
citizen.
公民们
Becoming a Citizen People take part in a ceremony to become U.
成为公民 人们参加一个成为U的仪式.
S.
师曰.
citizens.
公民们
Glossary discouraged (v.)
不鼓励词汇(五.)
(n.)
(无)
Ellis Island (n.)
埃利斯岛 (n.
(n.)
(无)
(n.)
(无)
(n.)
(无)
(n.)
(无)