at Work
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Case File #1.
4 案件档案 第1号.
7 Case File #2.
7 案例文件2。
11 Case File #3.
11 案件档案 第3号.
15 Case File #4.
15 案件档案 第4号.
19 Conclusion.
19 结论。
22 Glossary.
22 词汇表。
23 Index.
23 指数。
24 Introduction A man walked quickly across a field into an old mill, a building where wheat was crushed to make flour.
导言 一个人迅速穿过一地走入了一座老磨坊,一幢小麦被碾碎来做面粉的建筑.
Inside the building, he murdered someone and then hurried away without being seen.
在楼里,他谋杀了一个人,然后匆匆离开,却没人看见。
Later, when police questioned the man, he insisted he was innocent.
后来,当警察询问此人时,他坚持自己是无辜的.
This suspect might have gotten away with murder if only he had wiped trace evidence off his shoes.
这个嫌疑人如果从鞋上抹去痕迹证据 就能逃脱谋杀
Trace evidence is dust, hairs, threads, and other tiny bits of material found on or near a suspect or victim of a crime.
追踪证据是在犯罪嫌疑人或被害者身上或附近发现的灰尘、毛发、线条和其他微小部分材料。
When a detective named Edmond Locard used a microscope to study the man’s shoes, he noticed something no one else had seen: traces of flour on the heels and soles.
当一位名叫埃德蒙德·洛卡尔(Edmond Locard)的侦探使用显微镜研究这名男子的鞋子时,他注意到了其他人没有见过的东西:高跟鞋和鞋底上有面粉的痕迹.
This trace evidence matched the flour found at the mill where the victim was murdered.
这一微量证据与受害者被谋杀的磨坊所发现的面粉相符。
This placed the man at the scene of the crime and helped to convict him of murder.
这使得此人被安排在犯罪现场,并帮助他被判犯有谋杀罪。
Traces of flour could be seen on the suspect’s shoes with a microscope.
在嫌疑人的鞋上可以看到用显微镜的面粉痕迹。
Besides these tools of science, Holmes used his powers of concentration and deduction to see what no one else noticed.
除了这些科学工具外,福尔摩斯还用他集中和推理的力量去观察别人没有注意到的.
In A Case of Identity, for example, Holmes and his friend, Dr.
例如,在身份案中,福尔摩斯和他的朋友Dr.
Watson, receive a visit from a young lady who seeks their help in solving a crime.
华生,接受一位年轻女士的拜访 她寻求他们的帮助来解决犯罪。
Holmes comments that she must have left home in a hurry, since her boots were mismatched and not properly laced up.
福尔摩斯评论说,她一定是匆忙出门了,因为她的靴子不匹配,没有被适当拉上.
Holmes’s deduction amazes Watson.
福尔摩斯的推理令华生惊叹.
Watson wonders how he missed this detail about their visitor.
沃森想知道他怎么错过了这些关于他们的访客的细节.
It’s simple, Holmes says, “You did not know where to look, and so you missed all that was important.”
福尔摩斯说:“你不知道该往哪里看, “
In the following four real cases, forensic scientists, like Holmes, know where to look to spot important evidence.
在接下来的四起真实案件中,法医学家同福尔摩斯一样,知道在哪里寻找重要证据.
As you read, put yourself in their place and test your own powers of concentration and deduction.
正如你读到的,让自己代替他们,测试你自己的集中和扣除能力.
The flour mill murderer was caught by forensic science, the use of science to solve crimes and convict criminals in courts of law.
面粉厂杀人犯被法证科学抓住,利用科学解决犯罪,并在法庭上定罪.
Detectives began to use science to solve crimes around 1900.
侦探在1900年左右开始利用科学来解决犯罪.
Before then, police used eyewitnesses and informers to solve crimes.
在此之前,警方利用目击者和线人破案.
One of the first detectives to use forensic science was a make-believe one, an Englishman named Sherlock Holmes.
最早使用法医学的侦探之一,是一位自以为是的人,一位名叫夏洛克·福尔摩斯的英国人.
The popular Holmes stories and novels, written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, started appearing in 1887.
受欢迎的福尔摩斯故事和小说由阿瑟·柯南·道尔爵士所写,于1887年开始出现.
Most of the stories began in the fictional detective’s cluttered London home, where shelves bulged with scientific reference books, and tables teemed with test tubes and microscopes.
大部分故事都起源于虚构的侦探在伦敦的一团糟的家里,在那里,书架被科学参考书所覆盖,桌子上还摆放着测试管和显微镜。
The Crime The scene of the crime is a remote stretch of railroad track in southern Oregon.
罪行 案发地是俄勒冈州南部铁路轨道的一段偏远地段.
The year is 1923.
这一年是1923年.
A Union Pacific freight train has been robbed.
联合太平洋货运列车被抢.
The bandits killed the engineer and used a homemade dynamite bomb to blow open the mail car.
土匪杀死了工程师,并用自制炸药炸开邮车.
Back then mail often held valuable stock and bond certificates and sometimes cash or gold.
当时邮件经常持有有价值股票和债券凭证,有时还有现金或黄金.
When police searched the scene, the only piece of evidence they found was a pair of stained overalls that one of the bandits had left behind.
当警方搜查现场时,他们发现的唯一证据是一对被污名的被子被匪徒所留下的被子.
How the Case Was Solved The police asked for help from Edward Heinrich, head of the Berkeley, California, forensic science laboratory.
案件是如何解决的 警方向加州伯克利分校的法医学实验室负责人爱德华·海因里希(Edward Heinrich)求援.
Heinrich was famous for being able to discover a great deal from very little evidence.
海因里希以能够从极少的证据中发现出大量东西而出名.
Heinrich told the police to be on the lookout for a left- handed lumberjack in his early twenties weighing about 166 pounds and standing 5 feet 10 inches tall.
海因里希告诉警察要注意一名左手伐木工,他20多出头,体重约166磅,站立高5英尺10英寸.
He also said the lumberjack had light brown hair, rolled his own cigarettes, and was unusually neat about his appearance.
他还说伐木工有浅褐色发型,自己卷起烟来,外表异常整洁.
Place: Oregon, U.
地点:俄勒冈州,U.
S.
师曰.
A.
A组.
Date: October 11, 1923 Crime: attempted robbery of a train known as the “Gold Special” Evidence: a pair of men’s overalls Case File #1 ase Fact!
日期:1923年10月11日 犯罪:企图抢劫一列被称作"黄金特有"证据的列车:一对男子全能档案#1ae Fact!
The bandits actually used too much dynamite and blew up any money that may have been in the mail car.
土匪实际上使用了太多的炸药,并炸毁了邮车上可能存在的任何钱.
The explosion was so loud and destructive they ran from the scene without having robbed anyone of anything.
爆炸声大而破坏性大,他们从现场逃出,没有抢走任何东西。
C Keen observation led Heinrich to conclude that one of the train bandits was a left-handed lumberjack.
C克恩观察使海因里希得出结论,火车匪徒中有一个是左撇子伐木工.
What could someone discover about you from examining your clothing?
检查衣服能发现什么?
What would it tell about you?
它会告诉你什么?
Just as Holmes amazed Dr.
正如福尔摩斯惊奇博士。
Watson, Heinrich amazed the police.
华生 海因里希让警方大吃一惊
How could he have discovered all that from a pair of overalls?
他怎么会从一双上衣里发现这些?
Heinrich explained: The fact that the left pocket was more worn than the right meant the owner was left-handed.
海因里希解释道: 左口袋被穿得比右口袋还多 意味着主人是左手的
What stained the overalls was sap from trees that grow in southern Oregon forests where lumberjacks work.
在俄勒冈州南部的森林里生长的树木所生的树浆 伐木工在那里工作
The overalls’ size told Heinrich the lumberjack’s height and weight, and he could estimate the owner’s age from a light brown hair caught on a button.
车身尺寸告诉了伐木工海因里希的身高和体重,他可以从被扣上的小棕发来估计车主的年龄.
Tobacco shreds in a pocket and nail clippings caught in a seam told him the rest.
口袋里的烟草碎块和钉子被缝合的剪子告诉他其他的。
And one more thing, Heinrich said, showing police a piece of paper he had found rolled up at the bottom corner of a pocket.
还有一件事,海因里希说, 给警察看一张他发现的 在口袋下角的纸。
The paper was bleached clean from many washings, but when treated with iodine, words began to appear.
纸被从许多洗衣服中漂白出干净,但被碘处理后,文字开始出现.
It was a receipt from a post office, made out to Roy D’Autremont of Eugene, Oregon.
这是一张邮局的收据 给俄勒冈州尤金的罗伊·德奥特雷蒙
Police went to Roy’s house and learned that he was missing, along with his two brothers.
警察去Roy家,得知他和他的两个兄弟失踪了。
Neighbors’ descriptions of Roy matched Heinrich’s description exactly.
邻居们对罗伊的描述与海因里希的描述完全吻合.
When police tracked down the brothers several years later, they confessed to the robbery and murder and were sent to prison.
当警察在数年后追查到兄弟时,他们供认了抢劫和谋杀,并被送入监狱.
The railroad robbers case was just one of some 2,000 cases that Heinrich solved during his career as a forensic investigator.
铁路劫匪案只是海因里希在担任法证调查员期间破获的约2000起案件之一.
The Crime Police believed that a series of burglaries had been committed by the same gang of thieves.
刑警认为,同一批盗贼实施了一系列入室盗窃.
Finally, they discovered where the thieves lived.
最后,他们发现了小偷们住的地方.
The gang was one step ahead, though.
黑帮领先一步
When detectives raided their apartment, it was empty.
当侦探们突袭他们的公寓时,是空的.
The thieves were gone.
贼已去.
The police searched the apartment, but they could find no trace evidence.
警察搜查了公寓,但没有找到任何痕迹证据。
The entire place had been wiped clean, but not quite.
整所房子都被清理干净了 但不是完全
The thieves had forgotten to run the dishwasher.
贼人忘了经营洗碗机
How the Case Was Solved How could the police discover their identities?
案件是如何解决的 警察怎么会发现他们的身份?
The secret was on the thieves’ hands.
这秘密掌握在小偷的手中。
Look closely at the tips of your fingers and thumbs, and you will see raised ridges of skin running in patterns of curving lines: your fingerprints.
仔细看看手指和拇指的尖端, 你会看到高耸起的皮肤脊 以曲折的线条模式运行:你的指纹。
Each of your fingerprints is different from the other nine, and each one is unique.
你们的指纹都和其他9个不同,每个都独一无二.
No one else on Earth has fingerprints like yours, and no one ever will.
地球上没有人有像你一样的指纹 没有人会
In 1896, an Englishman named Edward Henry discovered a system to classify fingerprints.
1896年,一位叫爱德华·亨利的英国人发现了一个将指纹分类的系统.
In 1901, he became a police commissioner and used his system to identify criminals.
1901年,他出任警察专员并用他的系统鉴定罪犯.
Case File #2 Place: Anyplace U.
案例文件#2 地点:任意地点 U.
S.
师曰.
A.
A组.
Date: Anytime after 1950 Crime: a series of burglaries Evidence: dirty dishes Unwashed dishes What evidence could the police find in the dishwasher?
日期:1950年以后的任何时候 犯罪:一系列入室盗窃 证据:脏盘子 警察能在洗碗机里找到什么证据?
A forensic scientist uses black powder and a brush to find fingerprints on a mug.
法医学家使用黑粉和刷子在杯子上找到指纹.
Henry’s basic system is still used today.
亨利的基本系统今天仍然被使用.
Police have about 50 million fingerprints in computer databases.
警方在电脑数据库里有大约5000万个指纹.
Prints found at crime scenes can be compared quickly with all the prints in the databases.
在犯罪现场发现的指纹可以迅速与数据库中的所有指纹进行比较。
When a match turns up, police have a piece of evidence that places a person at the scene of a crime.
当比赛出现时,警方有证据将一个人放入犯罪现场.
Criminals know this, and many are careful to leave no fingerprints behind.
罪犯知道这一点,许多人小心地留下任何指纹。
When crime scene investigators (CSIs) searched the thieves’ apartment, at first they found no fingerprints.
当犯罪现场调查员搜查了小偷的公寓时,他们起初没有发现指纹。
It looked as if the thieves had carefully wiped the whole place clean, floor to ceiling.
看起来贼徒们小心地把整所房子擦得干净 地板到天花板
However, the CSIs got fingerprints from the dishes in the dishwasher and matched them to prints in the database.
然而,CSI从洗碗机的盘子上得到指纹,并把它们与数据库中的指纹相匹配.
The robbers were caught because of their dirty dishes.
劫取者因取出脏盘被捉.
Classifying Fingerprints Edward Henry based his system on features that every fingerprint shares.
将指纹分类 Edward Henry的系统基于每个指纹共享的特征.
Every print has ridges (the raised lines) and furrows (the low spots between ridges).
每个印有脊(所起线)和地沟(所起地脊之间的低地).
And every print has arches, loops, and whorls.
每个印有拱,环,和花.
Arches are either tented (pointed at the top) or plain (rounded).
拱门有的为帐篷(指向顶部),有的为平地(圆形).
Loops are either radial (running toward the thumb) or ulnar (running toward the little finger).
循环要么是光圈(向拇指跑去),要么是溃疡(向小指跑去)。
Whorls are circular.
鸡叫是圆相.
Henry added smaller features to his system, known as forks, dots, islands, hooks, and bridges.
亨利在他的系统中增加了更小的特征,被称作叉子,点,岛屿,钩子,和桥梁.
All together, the type, number, and position of these features make each fingerprint unique.
这些特征的种类、数量和位置使每个指纹都独一无二。
What type of fingerprint is this?
这是什么指纹?
Type 3 whorl fork dots island Type 1 arch Type 2 loop A technician uses a computer database to match fingerprints of suspects to crimes.
3型花叉岛 1型拱门 2型环 技术员使用计算机数据库将嫌疑人的指纹与犯罪相匹配。
The Crime The crime scene investigators sometimes have only a small apartment to search.
罪行 犯罪现场调查人员有时只有一间小公寓可供搜查.
But sometimes the crime scene is huge.
但有时候犯罪现场很大
In this case, the CSIs had several city blocks covered in thousands of tons of rubble to search for clues that would lead them to a suspect.
在这种情况下,CSI有数个城市街区覆盖了上千吨的瓦砾来寻找线索,以引导他们找到嫌疑人.
At 9:02 on the morning of April 19, 1995, an explosion rocked downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
1995年4月19日上午9:02,一场爆炸震撼了俄克拉何马州俄克拉何马市中心.
A truck carrying a 5,000-pound bomb exploded, blowing away the front of the nine-story Murrah Federal Building.
一辆载有5000磅炸弹的卡车爆炸了,炸毁了九层的Murrah联邦大楼前身.
The blast killed 168 people and injured more than 500.
爆炸造成168人死亡,500多人受伤.
The bomber set off the blast with two detonator cords, ran to a getaway car, then drove away.
炸弹手用两个雷管引爆了爆炸,跑到一辆逃跑的汽车上,然后开车离开。
How the Case Was Solved Later that day, investigators found a truck’s axle.
当天晚些时候,调查人员发现了一辆卡车的车轴。
The rear axle belonged to the truck that carried the bomb.
后轴属于运载炸弹的卡车.
The rear axle of every truck has a vehicle identification number (VIN) in the metal.
每辆卡车的后轴都有一个车辆识别号(VIN)在金属中.
The truck axle’s VIN led investigators to a truck rental office in Junction City, Kansas.
卡车车轴的VIN带领调查人员来到堪萨斯州Junction City的一个卡车租赁办公室.
The clerk remembered renting the truck to a man named Robert Kling.
书记员记得把卡车租给了一个叫罗伯特克林的人.
The name was false, but the clerk remembered what the man looked like.
名字是假的,但书记员记得那人长什么样子.
A forensic artist made a sketch from the clerk’s description, and the owner of a nearby motel recognized the face.
一名法医艺术家根据书记员的描述绘制了一张草图,附近一家汽车旅馆的老板认出了这张脸.
The man had rented a room from him and had used the name Timothy Mc Veigh.
这名男子曾从他那里租了一间房间,并用过Timothy Mc Veigh这个名字.
Place: Oklahoma, U.
地点:俄克拉荷马州,U.
S.
师曰.
A.
A组.
Date: April 19, 1995 Crime: a federal building is blown up Evidence: a truck axle Case File #3 How could a truck axle lead investigators to the suspect?
日期: 1995年4月19日 犯罪:联邦大楼被炸毁 证据:卡车车轴 3号案卷 卡车车轴怎么能引导调查人员找到嫌犯?.
Murrah Federal Building, Oklahoma City This part of a truck’s vehicle identification number gave investigators evidence used to solve the bombing case.
俄克拉荷马州Murrah联邦大楼 一辆卡车的车辆识别号码的这一部分为调查人员解决爆炸事件提供了证据。
Investigators ran the name through a national crime computer database and came up with a match.
调查人员通过国家犯罪计算机数据库运行了这个名字,并得出了匹配结果.
A man by that name was being held on a traffic and weapons charge in the Perry, Oklahoma jail—and was about to be released.
一个叫这个名字的人被关进俄克拉荷马州Perry监狱,
Investigators got there just in time.
调查员及时赶到
The Oklahoma City bomber was caught, thanks in large part to the work of forensic investigators.
俄克拉何马城炸弹手被抓到,这在很大程度上要归功于法证调查员的工作.
Timothy Mc Veigh was later tried, convicted, and put to death for the bombing.
Timothy Mc Veigh后来因爆炸被审判,定罪并被处死.
The forensic artist’s sketch led investigators to Timothy Mc Veigh.
法医艺术家的草图带领调查人员找到蒂莫西·麦克·维.
Locard’s Exchange Principle Edward Heinrich did his work in a crime lab, a room filled with scientific equipment used to help discover and study forensic evidence.
Locard的"交换原则" Edward Heinrich在犯罪实验室工作,这个房间装满了科学设备,用来帮助发现和研究法医证据.
The world’s first crime lab was set up in 1910 in Lyons, France, by police detective Edmond Locard.
世界上第一个犯罪实验室由警察侦探埃德蒙·洛卡尔于1910年在法国里昂设立.
Locard stated a guiding principle that today’s forensic scientists still follow.
Locard指出,今天的法医科学家仍然遵循一项指导原则。
He called it the Exchange Principle: “Ob jects or surfaces that come into contact always exchange trace evidence.”
他称之为交换原则:“接触的Ob弹出或表面总是交换可追踪的证据。 “
In other words, everyone who enters a crime scene takes away something from the scene and leaves something of themselves behind.
换句话说,每个进入犯罪现场的人都会从现场拿走一些东西并留下一些自己的东西.
Locard, you’ll remember, was the detective who solved the flour mill murder case.
Locard是侦破面粉厂谋杀案的警探,
A forensic scientist works in a lab more modern than that of Edward Heinrich.
一个法医科学家在一个实验室工作 比爱德华·海因里希更现代.
The Crime The scene of this crime is the office of a manufacturing company in England in 1993.
罪行 案发地是1993年英国一家制造公司的办公室.
The $100,000 cash used to pay workers is in the office when an armed robber breaks in and carries off the money.
用来支付工人的10万美元现金在办公室,当一个持械抢劫者闯进来并携带这笔钱.
Crime scene investigators found no fingerprints in the office.
犯罪现场调查员在办公室里没有发现指纹.
The only piece of evidence left behind was the robber’s mask, a woman’s black nylon stocking.
唯一留下的证据是被劫匪的面具,
Unlike the overalls in Case No.
与第20/2006号案件的总则不同。
1, the stocking had no pockets or seams where trace evidence could be discovered.
1,袜子没有口袋或接缝,可以发现有痕迹的证据.
How the Case Was Solved When the robber pulled off his mask back in 1993, twenty-five of his skin cells came off with it.
案件是如何解决的 1993年被劫匪取出面具时,有25个皮肤细胞被取出.
In 2004, eleven years later, scientists were able to make a DNA profile from the stored skin cells, which led police to a suspect named Andrew Pearson.
2004年,11年后,科学家得以从所储存的皮肤细胞中做出DNA剖面图,这导致警方找到一个名叫安德鲁·皮尔逊的嫌疑人.
At Pearson’s trial in 2004, a forensics expert showed that his DNA profile was an exact match for the profile from the skin cells on the robber’s mask.
在2004年Pearson的审判中,一名法医专家表明,他的DNA剖面图与抢劫者面具上皮肤细胞的剖面图完全吻合.
What were the chances that these skin cells could have come from another person and not Pearson?
这些皮肤细胞 可能来自另一个人而不是皮尔逊?
A billion to one, the expert said.
专家说10亿比1
Pearson was convicted of the 1993 robbery and sent to prison.
皮尔逊被判定犯有1993年抢劫罪并被送入监狱.
Place: England, U.
地点:英国,U.
K.
凯.
Date: 1993 Crime: armed robbery of $100,000 Evidence: a nylon stocking used as a mask Case File #4 What tiny bits of evidence might be left on the stocking?
日期:1993年 犯罪:武装抢劫100 000美元 证据:用作口罩的尼龙袜子 袜子上可能还有多少证据?
A view of skin under a microscope isn’t the same as a microscopic picture that makes a DNA profile.
在显微镜下看一眼皮肤,
Conclusion Each of the four cases in this book deals with a different kind of forensic evidence.
结论 本作中的四起案件每起都涉及不同种类的法证.
There are other kinds of forensic evidence, too—footprints, shoe prints, palm prints, lip prints, bite marks, paint chips, tire tread marks, the markings on a bullet, and more.
还有其他种类的法医证据,如脚印、鞋印、棕榈印、唇印、咬痕、油漆芯片、轮胎跑痕、子弹上的标记等。
Any of these can link suspects to the scene of the crime, or can show who is innocent.
其中任何一个都可以将嫌疑人与犯罪现场联系起来,或者可以显示谁是无辜的.
Together, the law enforcement officers and scientists who gather and study forensic evidence use virtually all of the sciences, from anthropology to zoology, in their work.
收集和研究法医证据的执法官员和科学家在工作中几乎都使用所有科学,从人类学到动物学。
Whatever science they specialize in, they all have one thing in common.
无论他们擅长什么科学 他们都有共同之处
Like the fictional Sherlock Holmes, they use their knowledge to see what goes unnoticed by the rest of us.
和虚构的夏洛克·福尔摩斯一样,他们利用自己的知识来观察我们其他人所忽略的东西.
DNA Profiling Modern scientists and engineers keep inventing new and better ways to gather forensic evidence.
DNA 剖析现代科学家和工程师不断发明出新的更好的方法来收集法证.
The most important new way is known as DNA profiling.
最重要的新方法被称为DNA剖析.
DNA is the part of each of your body’s cells that carries instructions that tell your body how to live and grow.
DNA是每个身体细胞中包含指示指示身体如何活和生长的部分.
About 98 percent of these instructions are the same in all people.
大约98%的这些指示在所有人中都是相同的.
The 2 percent that are different make your DNA unique, just like your fingerprints.
2%的不同 让你的DNA独一无二 就像你的指纹一样
Scientists can make microscopic, X-ray pictures of unique DNA, known as DNA profiles.
科学家可以制作出独特的DNA的显微镜,X光相片,称为DNA剖面.
Police have developed computer databases of DNA profiles, just like fingerprint databases.
警方开发了DNA剖面的计算机数据库 就像指纹数据库一样
DNA can be collected from almost any cell in your body, including cells in your hair, saliva, blood, sweat, and tears.
DNA可以从你体内几乎所有细胞中采集,包括你头发中的细胞,唾液,血液,出汗和眼泪.
Police hoped to gather DNA evidence from the robber’s stocking.
警方希望从劫匪的袜子上收集DNA证据。
They failed in 1 993, but in 2004 things were different.
在1993年他们失败了,但是在2004年情况不同了.
DNA technology had advanced so that even a single skin cell could produce a DNA profile.
DNA技术已经先进,即使一个单一的皮肤细胞也能产生DNA剖面图.
A computer is used to match DNA profiles.
一台计算机用于匹配DNA剖面图.
Glossary convict (v.)
定罪词汇(五.)
to prove guilty of a crime (p.
证明犯罪(第2页)
4) crime lab (n.)
4)犯罪实验室(n.
place where scientific materials, such as microscopes and chemicals, are used to analyze forensic evidence (p.
用于分析法医证据的科学材料,如显微镜和化学品(p.
18) crime scene (n.)
18) 犯罪现场(不详)
place where a crime has been committed and where investigators look for evidence to solve it (p.
犯罪地点和调查人员寻找证据解决问题的地点(p.
18) crime scene law enforcement officer who investigates investigator a crime scene to search for forensic (CSI) (n.)
18) 犯罪现场执法官员,负责调查犯罪现场以搜查法医(CSI)(n.)
evidence (p.
(中文(简体) ).
14) deduction (n.)
14)扣除 (n.
a specific conclusion made from general evidence (p.
从一般证据中得出的具体结论(p.
6) DNA (n.)
6）DNA（脱氧核糖核酸，名词）
deoxyribonucleic acid; a single molecule in a cell containing the instructions for growing and operating a living organism (p.
脱氧核糖核酸;细胞中的一分子,含有活生物体生长和操作的指令(p.
21) DNA profile (n.)
21) DNA剖面图 (n.
X-ray photograph of a section of DNA that positively identifies the person it came from (p.
X射线照片 DNA的一个部分,可以肯定它来自的人(p.
20) Exchange Edmond Locard’s idea that objects or Principle (n.)
20) 交换 Edmond Locard 的反对或原则(n.)的想法.
surfaces that come into contact always exchange bits of trace evidence (p.
接触的表面总是交换微量证据(p.
18) eyewitnesses (n.)
18)目击证人(n.).
people who have seen something happen such as a crime or accident (p.
曾目睹过犯罪或事故等事端的人(p.
5) fingerprints (n.)
5) 指纹 (n.
the unique patterns of ridges and furrows on the tips of fingers and thumbs (p.
指尖和拇指尖上山脊和地沟的独特图案(p.
12) forensic the areas of science that apply to a court science (n.)
12) 适用于法院科学的科学领域(n.)
of law, often proving guilt or innocence (p.
(第2页)。
5) informers (n.)
5)告发人 (n.
people who secretly give information about a crime, often for a reward (p.
秘密提供犯罪信息的人,往往要获得奖励(p.
5) microscopic (adj.)
5) 显微镜(adj.
so small that it can only be seen with a microscope (p.
如此之小而能用显微镜(p.
21) suspect (n.)
21)嫌疑人 (n.
a person who is believed guilty of a crime (p.
认为犯罪的人(第3页)。
4) trace dust, hairs, threads, and other bits of evidence (n.)
4) 微尘,毛发,线条等部分证据 (n.
material used as forensic evidence (p.
用作法医证据的材料(p.
4) vehicle unique multi-digit number imprinted identification on a car or truck (p.
4)车辆专用多位数号码印入汽车或卡车上的身份(p.
16) number (VIN) (n.)
16)编号(VIN)(n.