Seeds of Revolution
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Britain’s Colonies.
内容列表 英国殖民地.
4 The French and Indian War.
4 法印战争.
6 Taxation Without Representation.
6 无代表征税。
11 Acts of Frustration and Retaliation.
11 挫败和报复行为。
15 The War Begins.
15 战争开始。
20 Glossary.
20 词汇表。
23 Index.
23 指数。
24 Britain’s Colonies Over 200 years ago, a ragtag group of colonists fought a war against an empire—and won!
24个英国殖民地 200多年前,一群殖民者对一个帝国发动了一场战争,并取得了胜利!
Those colonists lived in what is now the United States, and they fought against Great Britain.
这些殖民者生活在现在的美国,他们与大不列颠进行了斗争。
Britain was a well-established country in the Old World and was trying to secure land in the New World.
英国在"旧世界"中是一个历史悠久的国家,并正试图在"新世界"中保障土地.
The New World comprised North, Central, and South America.
新世界包括北美、中美洲和南美洲。
Many Old World countries in Europe, such as Spain and France, wanted land in the New World too.
许多欧洲的"旧世界"国家,如西班牙和法国,也想得到新世界的土地.
Over time, Britain had claimed 13 American colonies.
随着时间的推移,英国宣称拥有了13个美国殖民地.
The people who moved to the British colonies were called colonists, and they lived across the Atlantic Ocean from the country that controlled them.
迁入英国殖民地的人们被称作殖民者,他们从控制他们的国家起就生活在大西洋对面.
The distance allowed the colonists to develop their own ideas and ways of doing things.
距离使得殖民者能够发展出自己的思想和做事的方法.
It was this independent spirit that fueled the Revolutionary War, even though the colonists and Great Britain had once been friends.
正是这种独立的精神激起了革命战争,尽管殖民者和大不列颠曾经是朋友.
In the 1700s, they had worked together to defeat a common enemy—France.
在1700年代,他们合作击败了一个共同的敌人——法国.
The French and Indian War In the 1750s, both France and England wanted the same land in North America.
法国和印度战争 1750年代,法国和英国都希望在北美拥有同一块地.
The two countries had competed for hundreds of years to gain power in the Old World, and that competition continued in the New World.
两国相争了数百年,在"旧世界"中夺取了权力,而"新世界"中这种竞争仍在继续.
The French had explored areas around the Great Lakes and the Ohio River Valley.
法国人探索了五大湖和俄亥俄河谷周围的地区。
French fur trappers had established trading posts in those areas.
法国皮毛捕捉者在这些地区设立了交易站。
England claimed ownership of the same areas, and colonists settled there.
英格兰宣称拥有同一块地,殖民者在那里定居.
Native Americans had lived there long before either the French or the British.
美洲原住民早在法国人或英国人之前就在那里生活过.
The French traders and trappers were friendly with many of the Native American tribes of the region.
法国商人和捕猎者与该地区的许多美洲原住民部落友好.
As British settlers moved west from the East Coast, Native Americans lost much of the land they had used for centuries for living and hunting.
随着英国定居者从东海岸向西迁移,美洲原住民失去了他们几个世纪以来用于生活和狩猎的大部分土地.
The British signed treaties, or agreements, with the Native American tribes to pay for and purchase their land.
英国人与美洲原住民部落签订条约或协议,以支付并购买他们的土地.
The tribes did not have the same ideas as the British about ownership and often didn’t realize the rights they were giving up.
部落对于所有权的看法与英国不同,
Many of the tribes were angry and willing to use force to regain the right to use the land they had always used.
许多部落愤怒并愿意使用武力来重新获得他们一直使用的土地的使用权.
Miles thirteen colonies Florida London ATLANTIC OCEAN GREAT BRITAIN Use the scale to estimate the distance between the thirteen colonies and Great Britain.
13个殖民地 佛罗里达 伦敦 大西洋大区 用这个尺度来估计十三个殖民地与大不列颠之间的距离.
As France and Britain prepared for war in the New World, some Native American tribes sided with Britain and others sided with France.
随着法国和英国为新世界的战争做准备,一些美洲原住民部落与英国并肩作战,而另一些部落则与法国并肩作战.
Both sides began to build forts in the Ohio River Valley to protect their rights to the land.
双方开始在俄亥俄河谷建造要塞来保护他们对地权.
In 1754, the French built Fort Duquesne (doo-KAYN) where the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is today.
1754年,法国人建造了杜克内堡(doo-KAYN),宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡是今天的城市.
The fort was built in a spot thought to be key to controlling the Ohio River Valley.
这座要塞建在一个被认为控制俄亥俄河谷的关键位置上.
Both sides wanted the fort.
双方都想要堡垒.
The British sent a young surveyor named George Washington to the fort to persuade the French to leave.
英国人派遣了一位名叫乔治·华盛顿(George Washington)的年轻测量师到要塞去劝说法国人离开.
The French refused.
法国人拒绝。
Washington and his men attacked a group of French scouts, killing 13 men.
华盛顿和他的手下袭击了一群法国侦察兵,杀死了13人.
Washington’s group of men built Fort Necessity not far from Fort Duquesne.
华盛顿的人群在离杜克内堡不远的地方建造了"危急要塞".
The French captured Fort Necessity, but Washington and his men surrendered and then escaped.
法国人攻克了危急要塞,但华盛顿和他的部下投降后逃脱.
Washington then went to fight alongside Britain’s General Edward Braddock.
华盛顿随后去与英国将军爱德华·布洛克并肩作战.
Braddock’s goal was to banish the French from the Ohio River Valley, beginning with Fort Duquesne.
布洛克的目标是从俄亥俄河谷驱逐法国人,从杜克恩堡开始.
However, the French hid soldiers and their Native American allies in the woods alongside the columns of British soldiers marching on the fort.
然而,法国人把士兵和他们的美国原住民盟友藏在树林里,同英军士兵的纵队一起向要塞行进.
They shot at the British, who panicked and ran.
他们向英军开枪,英军惊慌失措地逃跑.
General Braddock was killed, as were more than half of his soldiers.
布洛克将军被击毙,他有一半以上的士兵被击毙.
This battle is considered by many to be the first real battle of the French and Indian War.
这场战役被许多人认为是法印战争中第一次真正的战斗.
The French and Native Americans introduced the British to a new style of fighting when they started using the woods to their advantage.
法国人和美洲原住民在开始用森林来取长补短的时候,向英国人引入了一种新的战斗风格.
Thinking Critically WHY is Fort Duquesne (now Pittsburgh) a good place for a fort?
为什么杜克恩堡(现在的匹兹堡)是一座堡垒的好地方?
IN YOUR MIND, where would be a good place for another fort?
在你的想法, 哪里会是一个好地方 另一个堡垒?
In 1756, Britain declared war on France.
1756年,英国向法国宣战.
The official fighting began that year, although many battles had already been fought in the New and Old Worlds.
正式的战斗于同年开始,虽然许多战役已经打入了新旧世界.
Britain sent more troops to the colonies, as did France.
英国和法国一样,向殖民地派遣了更多的军队.
At first it seemed France would win the war, but the British attacked the critical points of Fort Niagara, Lake Champlain, and Quebec.
起初似乎法国会赢得这场战争,但英国人攻击了尼亚加拉堡,尚普兰湖和魁北克等地的关键点.
The French were cut off from the Ohio River Valley, the Mississippi River, and the port at New Orleans.
法国人被从俄亥俄河河谷,密西西比河和新奥尔良港口切断.
The French depended on supplies coming out of these areas.
法国人依靠这些地区的物资。
Without supplies, the French could not survive in the New World.
没有补给,法国人就无法在新世界活下来.
Britain won the war.
英国赢得了战争.
The Treaty of Paris, signed in 1763, cut off all French claims to North America.
1763年签订的"巴黎条约"切断了法国对北美的所有主张.
British colonists could now move freely into the areas once controlled by France, including Canada.
英国殖民者现在可以自由进入曾经由法国控制的地区,包括加拿大.
Colonists were pleased to be part of Britain.
殖民地主义者很高兴成为英国的一部分.
Many had fought alongside British troops in the French and Indian War against a common enemy.
许多人在法国和印度战争中与英国军队并肩作战,对抗共同的敌人.
The colonists were grateful Britain fought for their rights to move west.
殖民者感谢英国为他们向西迁移的权利而战.
However, their gratitude did not last long.
然而,他们的感谢并没有持续多久。
Just a decade later, gratitude and friendship turned to distrust and revolution.
仅仅十年后,感激和友谊变成了不信任和革命。
The distrust began soon after the French and Indian War.
不信任始于法印战争后不久.
Britain had decided to keep 10,000 soldiers in the New World to defend its land there.
英国决定让一万名士兵留在新世界,以保卫那里的土地.
The soldiers needed places to live and food to eat.
士兵们需要住的地方和食物。
Britain also needed money to pay off war debts and to govern its expanded empire.
英国也需要金钱来还清战争债务并治理其扩大的帝国.
King George III and Britain’s Parliament had an idea: Let the colonists pay for the soldiers’ housing and food and pay taxes to help pay off Britain’s war debts.
乔治三世国王和英国议会有一个想法: 让殖民者支付士兵的住房和食物,并纳税以帮助还清英国的战争债务.
King George III was only 22 years old when he became Britain’s king in 1760.
乔治三世国王于1760年出任英国国王时才22岁.
He was determined to keep the colonies loyal to Britain.
他决心使殖民地忠于英国.
Taxation Without Representation In 1764, just a year after the Treaty of Paris, Britain’s Parliament passed the Sugar Act, which taxed Spanish and French molasses and sugar bought by colonists.
无代表征税 1764年,即"巴黎条约"刚过一年,英国议会就通过了"糖法",对殖民者购买的西班牙和法国的糖和糖进行征税.
The cheap Spanish and French sugar that colonists had been buying was now so expensive that they had to buy British sugar.
殖民者购买的廉价的西班牙和法国糖现在非常昂贵,不得不购买英国糖.
This made money that Britain could use to pay off its war debts.
这赚了钱,英国可以用来偿还战争债务.
In 1765, Britain’s Parliament passed the Quartering Act, which called for colonists to house the 10,000 British troops still in America after the French and Indian War in their private homes.
1765年,英国议会通过了"收留法"(Quartering Act),要求殖民者将法印战争后仍留在美国的一万名英军安置在私人家中.
Britain’s soldiers lived with colonists and were not required to pay rent or help the family in any way.
英国士兵与殖民者同住,不要求他们支付租金或以任何方式帮助家庭。
But it was the Stamp Act, passed that same year, that really raised an outcry from the colonists.
但正是同年通过的"印花法案",真正引起了殖民者的强烈抗议.
The act required colonists to buy a British stamp for the printed paper they used, which meant they would pay taxes on newspapers, calendars, playing cards, and other paper items.
该法案要求殖民者为其使用的印刷纸购买一所英国邮票,这意味着他们将支付报纸,日历,玩牌等纸上物品的税收.
The colonists were not happy about being taxed.
殖民者对被收税并不满意.
They complained most loudly about the fact that they had no voice in the government that taxed them.
他们最强烈地抱怨说,在对他们征税的政府中没有发言权。
Colonists’ fury led to cries of “No taxation without representation.”
殖民者的愤怒导致人们喊道:"没有代表就没有税收. “
They wanted someone in Parliament to speak for them, but King George did not like colonists telling him what he should do.
他们希望议会中有人为他们说话,但乔治国王不喜欢殖民者告诉他应该做什么.
While he was thinking of how to retaliate against the rebellious colonists, the colonists began working together to fight the taxes.
在他思考如何报复反叛的殖民者时,殖民者开始一起努力去打税.
Over the years, colonists had developed ways of ruling themselves.
多年来,殖民者制定了统治自己的方式。
In Virginia, an elected assembly set laws for the colony.
在弗吉尼亚,一个民选的议会为殖民地制定了法律.
This elected assembly argued over the Stamp Act’s fairness.
这个选举产生的议会对《邮票法》的公正性争论不休。
Patrick Henry, a young lawyer, stood and announced that no one except Virginians had the right to tax Virginians.
年轻的律师帕特里克·亨利(Patrick Henry)站起并宣布,除了维尔京人之外,没有人有权向维尔京人征税.
The assembly accepted Henry’s position, even though some called Henry a traitor for speaking out against King George.
议会接受了亨利的立场,尽管有些人称亨利为"叛徒"来发表反对乔治国王的言论.
Newspapers reported Henry’s position, and soon people throughout the 13 colonies were protesting the Stamp Act.
报纸报道了亨利的立场,很快整个13个殖民地的人们都在抗议"邮票法案".
James Otis and Samuel Adams joined Henry as just a few of the leaders speaking out against the tax.
詹姆斯·奥蒂斯和塞缪尔·亚当斯加入了亨利,只是少数领导人大声疾呼反对税收.
Colonists like Adams, Henry, and Otis were called Patriots.
亚当斯,亨利,奥蒂斯等殖民地主义者被称作"爱国者".
Colonists who supported King George were called Loyalists.
支持乔治国王的殖民地主义者被称为"忠诚主义者".
Some of the Patriots formed groups called the Sons of Liberty and the Daughters of Liberty and urged colonists to refuse to trade with or buy goods from the British.
一些"爱国者"组织成立了被称作"自由之子"和"自由之女"的团体,并督促殖民者拒绝与英国人进行交易或向英国人购买商品.
Some British stamp agents were even attacked by colonists.
一些英国邮票代理商甚至被殖民者袭击.
More acts from Britain’s Parliament were to come, as were more attacks.
英国议会将会有更多行动,
In October 1765, nine colonies out of thirteen sent representatives to New York to take part in the Stamp Act Congress.
1765年10月,13个殖民地中的9个派出代表到纽约参加"印花法案国会".
The congress asked Britain’s Parliament to repeal, or cancel, the Stamp Act.
大会要求英国议会废除或取消"印花法".
In 1766, King George agreed to repeal the Stamp Act.
1766年,乔治国王同意废除"印花法案".
But, in 1767, the Townshend Acts were passed.
但1767年"汤生法案"被通过.
The Townshend Acts put taxes on glass, paint, lead, paper, and tea.
《汤生法案》对玻璃、油漆、铅、纸张和茶叶征税。
Colonists raged against the new taxes.
殖民者怒斥新税.
They boycotted, or refused to buy, British goods.
他们抵制或拒绝购买英国货物。
In 1770, Britain repealed all but one of the Townshend Acts because its merchants were losing money.
1770年,英国废除了"汤生法案"中除一例外的所有法案,因为其商人正在输钱.
Tension between the Patriots and Britain was building.
爱国者和英国之间的紧张关系正在加剧。
British soldiers spread across the colonies to enforce the taxes.
英国士兵分散到殖民地各地执行税收.
More taxes brought more resentment.
更多的税收带来更多的怨恨.
One night in Boston, the tension and resentment brought more violence.
在波士顿的一天晚上,紧张和怨恨带来了更多的暴力.
Colonists burn paper to protest the Stamp Act.
殖民者为抗议"印花法案"而烧纸.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Samuel Adams was an outspoken supporter of revolution against the British.
塞缪尔·亚当斯是反对英国的革命的直言支持者.
He opposed Britain’s taxes.
他反对英国的税收.
He was one of the first to speak about independence.
他是最早谈论独立的人之一.
Acts of Frustration and Retaliation Large numbers of British soldiers had lived fairly peacefully in Boston after the French and Indian War.
在法国和印度战争后,大批英国士兵在波士顿相当和平地生活。
Colonists resented the soldiers, but for years, they managed to live side by side.
殖民者对士兵们不满,但多年来,他们设法并肩生活。
On the night of March 5, 1770, a group of rowdy Boston colonists picked a fight with some British soldiers.
1770年3月5日晚,一群名列前茅的波士顿殖民者与一些英国士兵打斗.
One thing led to another, and the soldiers began to shoot.
有一件事导致另一件事,士兵们开始开枪.
The soldiers killed five colonists.
士兵杀死了5名殖民者.
Patriot Samuel Adams saw the fight in Boston as a way to get more colonists on the side of independence.
萨缪尔爱国者 亚当斯将波士顿的战斗看作是让更多的殖民者站在独立一边的一种方式.
He asked his friend Paul Revere, a silversmith, to engrave a picture of what happened in Boston.
他请他的朋友,银匠保罗·里维尔(Paul Revere)为波士顿发生的事情刻出一幅相片.
Adams called the fight started by colonists the Boston Massacre.
亚当斯将殖民者开始的战斗称为"波士顿大屠杀".
The engraved picture, which showed British soldiers firing into a group of peaceful colonists, was printed in newspapers and other places.
雕刻的相片显示英国士兵向一群和平的殖民者开火,被印刷在报纸上和其他地方.
The picture was not a true account of events, but it gave Adams the result he wanted.
照片并非真实的叙述事件,而是给了亚当斯他想要的结果.
The picture enraged many colonists.
照片激怒了众多殖民者.
Thinking Critically HOW was Samuel Adams a spin doctor, or a person who takes the truth and “spins” it to his advantage in political situations?
塞缪尔·亚当斯(Samuel Adams)是一位旋转医生, 还是一个在政治形势下把真相“摆平”的人?
What did Adams gain by his actions?
亚当斯的行动得到了什么?
IN YOUR MIND, is spindoctoring the right thing to do?
在你的脑海里, 旋转医生是正确的事情吗?
Revere’s engraving as it appeared in print Do You Know?
Revere的活字雕刻,
Crispus Attucks, a former slave, is believed to be the first person killed in the Boston Massacre.
克里斯普斯·阿塔克(Crispus Attucks),前奴隶,据信是波士顿大屠杀中被害的第一人.
He lived in Boston and worked as a whaler on ships in Boston Harbor.
他住在波士顿,并在波士顿港的船只上担任捕鲸员.
He believed strongly in freedom from Great Britain.
他坚信从大不列颠获得自由.
At his memorial service, many speeches were given about his bravery.
在他的追悼会上,许多关于他英勇的演讲被发表.
In 1773, all that was left of the Townshend Acts was a tax on tea.
1773年,"汤生法案"所剩的只有茶叶税.
The Tea Act required colonists to buy tea only from Britain’s East India Company.
茶叶法案要求殖民者只从英国东印度公司购买茶叶.
The colonists were still not represented in Parliament, and they were angry that not all of the taxes were repealed.
殖民者仍然没有在议会中有代表,他们对并非所有的税收被废除而感到愤怒.
A group of frustrated colonists showed their dislike for the tea tax.
一群沮丧的殖民者表现出他们对茶税的厌恶.
They climbed aboard a British ship and dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor.
他们爬上一艘英国船只,把342个箱子的茶倒入了波士顿港.
They dressed up as Native Americans so they could not be blamed for the trouble they caused.
他们打扮成美洲原住民 这样他们就不会被怪罪于他们造成的麻烦
However, the British were neither fooled nor amused.
然而,英国人既没有被愚弄,也没有被取笑。
The act became known as the Boston Tea Party.
该作被取名为"波士顿茶会".
In 1774, King George and Parliament retaliated with the Coercive Acts, which the colonists renamed the Intolerable Acts.
1774年,乔治国王和议会用"强迫法案"进行报复,殖民者将"不可容忍法案"更名为"不可容忍法案".
These acts were written to punish the rebellious colonists.
这些行为是为了惩罚反叛的殖民者。
One of the acts closed Boston Harbor to all ship traffic.
其中一项行动是关闭波士顿港 禁止所有船只通行
That put many Boston colonists out of work and made them worry that they would starve.
这使得许多波士顿殖民者失业,使他们担心自己会挨饿.
Colonists in other areas felt sorry for Boston and were furious with Britain.
其他地区的殖民地主义者对波士顿感到难过并生英国的气.
In the meantime, Britain appointed General Thomas Gage as governor of Massachusetts, and sent him to Boston to take control of the city.
在此期间,英国任命托马斯·盖奇将军为马萨诸塞州州长,并派他去波士顿控制该市.
Gage brought 4,000 troops with him, which the colonists then had to house and feed.
盖奇带着4000人的部队,然后殖民者不得不住下并给养.
Like the Stamp Act that came before it, the Intolerable Acts united colonists against Britain.
和之前的"印花法"一样,"不可容忍法"联合了殖民者反对英国.
In September 1774, twelve colonies sent delegates, or representatives, to Philadelphia to meet in the First Continental Congress.
1774年9月,十二个殖民地向费城派出了代表,或代表来参加第一次大陆大会.
The delegates insisted the Intolerable Acts be repealed.
代表们坚持废除不可容忍的法令。
They also insisted that colonists have a say in all tax laws.
他们还坚持殖民者在所有税法中都有发言权.
Britain’s Parliament refused the demands of the First Continental Congress and declared the colonies to be in a state of mutiny.
英国议会拒绝了第一次大陆大会的要求并宣布殖民地处于兵变状态.
The Boston Tea Party took place under the cover of darkness to keep the participants from being caught.
波士顿茶 聚会是在黑暗的掩护下举行的,以阻止参与者被抓住.
Thinking Critically HOW did human nature fuel the outcry against Britain?
关键思考 人类的本性如何激起对英国的愤怒?
IN YOUR MIND, if the same situation occurred today, how would it be different?
在你看来,如果今天发生同样的情况,会有什么不同呢?
The delegates of the Continental Congress urged colonists in Massachusetts to gather weapons and stop all trade with Britain.
大陆代表大会的代表敦促马萨诸塞的殖民者收集武器并停止同英国的一切贸易.
The Continental Congress started to train soldiers, known as militiamen or minutemen, for the fight ahead.
大陆大会开始训练士兵,被称作"民兵"或"分钟人",用于前方的战斗.
American colonists were preparing to fight for independence from a country that many no longer believed or trusted.
美国殖民者正准备从一个许多人不再相信或信任的国家争取独立.
The War Begins In Boston, General Thomas Gage, the commander of the British troops, became alarmed when he heard reports of colonists’ weapons stored at Concord, about 20 miles west of Boston.
波士顿战争开始后,英国军队的指挥官托马斯·盖奇将军在波士顿以西约20英里的康科德(Concord)听到有关殖民者所储存武器的报道后,他惊慌失措.
He sent British soldiers to take control of the weapons on the night of April 18, 1775.
他于1775年4月18日晚派遣了英国士兵来控制这些武器.
Gage also planned to arrest the leaders of the rebellion, Samuel Adams and John Hancock, who were in Lexington, a town not far from Concord.
盖奇还计划逮捕叛乱领导人塞缪尔·亚当斯(Samuel Adams)和约翰·汉考克(John Hancock),他们在离康科德不远的小镇列克星敦.
A Patriot doctor, Samuel Prescott, found out about Gage’s plans and warned the militia that the British were coming.
一名爱国者医生塞缪尔·普雷斯科特(Samuel Prescott)发现了盖奇的计划,并警告民兵英国人会来.
On the way to Concord, the British soldiers encountered a group of 70 militiamen, waiting for them on the village green in Lexington.
在去康科德的路上,英国士兵遇到了由70名民兵组成的一行人,在列克星敦的村庄绿地上等待.
The British soldiers tried to walk past the militiamen, but an unordered shot rang out.
英国士兵试图从民兵中走过,但一枪被无序地射出。
No one is sure which side fired the first shot, but that shot started the Revolutionary War.
没有人确定哪一方开了一枪 但那一枪引发了革命战争
It would become known as “the shot heard 'round the world.”
它将被称为“环绕世界的枪声”。 “
In the fighting that followed, eight militiamen died and ten were wounded.
在随后的战斗中,有8名民兵死亡,10人受伤.
The British continued on to Concord.
英国人继续前往协和会.
Patriot soldiers often did not have uniforms.
爱国者士兵往往没有制服。
General Thomas Gage Do You Know?
托马斯・盖奇将军,你知道吗?
Patriot soldiers were nicknamed “minutemen” because they could get their clothes on, grab their guns, and be out the door in a minute.
爱国士兵被昵称为 " 分钟人 " ,因为他们可以穿上衣服,拿起枪来,并在一分钟内出门。
British soldiers were nicknamed “redcoats“ because their uniform coats were red.
英国士兵被昵称为 " 红衣 " ,因为他们的制服是红色的。
The British destroyed some supplies in Concord, but the Americans had hidden most of their weapons.
英国人摧毁了康科德的一些补给,但美国人已经隐藏了大部分武器.
Patriot leaders Hancock and Adams escaped arrest.
爱国者领袖汉考克和亚当斯逃脱了逮捕.
Militiamen arrived at Concord in large numbers.
民兵大批抵达协和.
They attacked the exhausted British soldiers at Concord’s North Bridge, and continued the attack the next day as the British soldiers began to march back to Boston.
他们在康科德的"北桥"(Concord's North Bridge)向精疲力尽的英国士兵出击,并随着英国士兵开始向波士顿出征而于次日继续出击.
The soldiers were retreating from the fight.
士兵们从战斗中撤退。
The militiamen hid behind trees and stone walls to fire upon the lines of British soldiers.
民兵躲在树后和石墙上向英国士兵的防线开火。
The professional British soldiers were humiliated by their defeat at the hands of a ragtag group of quickly trained colonists.
专业的英国士兵被一群迅速训练有素的殖民者所击败而羞辱.
At Lexington and Concord, 273 British soldiers and 93 militiamen died.
在列克星敦和康科德,有273名英国士兵和93名民兵死亡.
The Revolutionary War had begun.
革命战争已经开始。
Patriot troops face British soldiers on Lexington’s village green.
爱国者部队在列克星敦的村庄绿地上面对英国士兵.
The Truth About Paul Revere’s Ride Bostonian Paul Revere is famous for warning the troops at Lexington and Concord that the British were coming—but that’s a tall tale.
以警告列克星敦和康科德的军队英军即将来袭而出名,
It is true that he sent a spy to watch the British soldiers.
他确实派了个间谍来监视英国士兵
The spy was to signal which direction the British were marching by hanging one lantern or two lanterns in a church tower.
间谍通过在教堂的塔上悬挂一盏或两盏灯笼来指示英国人的行走方向.
If the British soldiers traveled by land, one lantern would be hung.
如果英国士兵在陆地上旅行,就会被吊上一盏灯笼.
If they were to cross the Charles River, two lanterns would be hung.
如果他们穿过查尔斯河,两道灯会被吊死.
Revere saw two lanterns in the church tower that night.
利维尔当晚在教堂塔上看到两盏灯笼.
Revere traveled by horseback with William Dawes from Boston toward Concord to warn of the advancing British soldiers.
里维尔与威廉·道斯从波士顿一起骑马前往康科德以警告前进的英国士兵.
Samuel Prescott joined the two men.
塞缪尔·普雷斯科特加入了两人.
British officers stopped Revere and Dawes, but Prescott escaped, and he was the one who carried the warning to the militiamen.
英国军官阻止了雷维尔和道斯,但普雷斯科特逃脱了,他就是将警告带给民兵的人.