Scuba
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents The Aqua-Lung.
内容列表 The Aqua-Lung.
4 A Short History of Breathing Underwater.
4 A Breaking Under Water (英语). A Breaking History of Breaking Under Water. (原始内容存档于2012-10-12).
6 Scuba Training and Safety.
6 斯库巴训练与安全。
8 Great Dive Sites.
8个大潜水站点.
13 Why Dive?
13号 为什么潜水?
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 The Aqua-Lung Look at a map of the world.
16"水龙图"一览出世相.
Notice all the blue?
注意所有的蓝色?
Earth is a watery world— water covers more than 70 percent of the surface of our planet.
地球是一个水多的世界——水覆盖了地球地表的70%以上。
Yet experts calculate that we have explored less than 5 percent of Earth’s oceans.
然而,专家们估计,我们探索的地球海洋不到地球海洋的5%。
What lies below the surface has mostly remained a mystery.
地表下方的地表大部分仍然是个谜.
A 1940s invention helped reveal the world beneath the sea.
1940年代的发明帮助揭示出海底的世界.
Called the Aqua-Lung, it was the creation of Frenchmen Jacques-Yves Cousteau (ZHAHK EEV koo-STOH) and Émile Gagnan (ay-MEEL GAN-yahn).
被称作"水龙"(Aqua-Lung),是法国人雅克-伊夫·库斯托(ZHAHK EEV kuo-STOH)和埃米勒·加尼昂(ay-MEEL GAN-Yahn)所创立.
We now know it as scuba—short for “self- contained underwater breathing apparatus.”
我们现在知道它是 " 自制水下呼吸装置 " 的简称。 “
This gear was lighter and easier to use than any equipment that had been tried before.
这种齿轮比以前试验过的任何设备都轻而易用.
Divers could now swim and breathe in the deep blue sea.
潜水员现在可以在深蓝色海中游泳并呼吸.
In the years that followed, Cousteau filmed the undersea wonders of the world using scuba gear and a waterproof camera.
在之后的几年中,库斯托用出水齿轮和防水相机拍摄了"出海下奇观".
His TV shows demonstrated the thrill, grace, and freedom of scuba diving.
他的电视剧展示了潜水的刺激、优雅和自由。
They helped inspire adventurous spirits to experience scuba for themselves.
他们帮助激发了冒险精神,为自己体验了潜水.
Today, there are millions of trained scuba divers around the world.
今天,全世界有数百万训练有素的潜水员。
They have gained the skills and knowledge that allow them to explore the dreamlike environment beneath the waves and to meet some of its amazing inhabitants face-to-face.
他们获得了各种技能和知识,使他们能够在波涛下探索梦幻般的环境并面对面地与一些令人惊奇的居民相会.
Jacques Cousteau and his underwater research vehicle A Short History of Breathing Underwater The quest to swim and breathe underwater has a long history.
Jacques Cousteau和他的水下研究车 A Breathing Under Water的短暂历史 水下游泳和呼吸的探索历史悠久.
In 1535, Italian Guglielmo (goo-lee-EL-moh) de Lorena invented the first modern “diving bell.”
1535年,意大利人Guglielmo (goo-lee-EL-moh) de Lorena发明了第一种现代"潜水钟". “
Built like an upside-down cup, it was crafted of oak wood with a small window.
它像倒倒倒的杯子一样 是由橡木制成的 有小窗户
The contraption covered the top half of a diver’s body to the elbows, leaving the hands free.
装置覆盖了潜水员身体上半部到肘部,使手无拘束.
A valve in the top released used air.
顶部放出的一个阀门使用了空气.
A small cask, which attached to the diving bell by a tube, delivered fresh air.
一个小水缸,用管子接上潜水钟,送出新鲜空气.
Air pressure inside the bell kept water out.
钟里面的气压 挡了水
The invention of the air pump a century later let assistants on the surface send air to divers below.
一个世纪后空气泵的发明让水面上的助手们向下方的潜水员发送空气.
In the early 1800s, divers donned full-body suits, copper helmets, and weighted boots.
1800年代初,潜水员会将全身外衣,铜头盔和加权靴子收好.
This equipment made it possible for divers to move and work more easily underwater, often as salvagers bringing up valuables from sunken ships.
这种设备使得潜水员能够更容易地在水下移动和工作,常常是作为打捞者从沉没的船只上取出贵重物品.
However, they still had to receive air pumped to them from the surface.
然而,他们仍必须接受从地表抽取的空气。
In 1825, Englishman William James invented the first kind of scuba unit.
1825年,英国人威廉·詹姆斯发明了第一种潜水装置.
Containers of compressed air were connected to a diving helmet.
压缩空气的容器与潜水头盔相接。
This invention let divers carry their own air supply, though they had to control the airflow by manually turning a valve on and off.
这个发明让潜水员携带自己的空气供给,虽然他们不得不通过手动打开和关闭阀门来控制气流.
When Cousteau and Gagnan introduced the Aqua-Lung in the 1940s, it revolutionized scuba diving.
当库斯托和加尼昂在1940年代引进了"水龙"后,它革命了潜水潜水.
Other inventors were working on similar ideas, but the French team developed a breathing system that was compact, easy to use, and fairly affordable.
其他发明家也在研究类似的想法,但法国团队发展出一种紧凑,易于使用,价格相当可承受的呼吸系统.
Their big breakthrough was a well-designed regulator that divers held in their mouth.
他们的重大突破是 一个设计良好的监管者 潜水员掌握在嘴里。
Attached to the tank, it delivered high-pressure compressed air to divers at a pressure they could use, allowing them to breathe naturally.
它附着在油箱上,在能使用的压力下向潜水员输送了高压压缩空气,使潜水员可以自然地呼吸.
For the first time, divers could easily swim while carrying their air with them.
潜水员们第一次在携带空气时可以轻松地游泳.
It opened doorways to the undersea world, even for nonprofessional divers.
它打开了通往海底世界的大门,即使对非专业潜水员来说也是如此.
Cousteau (right), in a fabric and rubber dive suit, tests out an early version of the Aqua-Lung in California, 1950.
Cousteau (右),穿织物和橡胶潜水服,于1950年在加利福尼亚测试出早期版本的Aqua-Lung.
Scuba Training and Safety For anyone who enjoys snorkeling or other water adventures, scuba takes the experience to a new depth—literally.
斯库巴培训和安全 对于任何喜欢下潜或其他水上冒险的人来说,潜水会把经验带入新的深度。
Like learning to drive, however, learning to dive requires some study and training to do it safely and well.
然而,与学习驾驶一样,学习潜水需要一些学习和培训,以便安全地进行。
Most divers begin by getting their Open Water Certification through a scuba shop or training center.
大多数潜水员首先通过一个潜水员商店或培训中心获得公开水认证。
Lessons include classroom sessions and pool training with a dive instructor.
课程包括课堂课和有潜水教练的集合训练。
Students must then pass a written test and perform four practice dives in a lake or other open body of water.
然后学生必须通过书面测试,在湖中或其他开阔的水体中进行四次练习下潜.
New divers must be able to demonstrate certain skills to their instructor, including assembly and proper use of scuba gear, safe descent and ascent, and how to handle equipment failure.
新的潜水员必须能够向教练展示某些技能,包括装配和正确使用潜水器、安全降落和升起,以及如何处理设备故障。
Most Open Water Certification courses take two weeks or more and cost $350 to $500.
大多数开放式水认证课程需要两周或更长时间,费用为350至500美元。
Upon completion, divers receive a certification card from one of several authorized diver training organizations.
完成后,潜水员从几个经授权的潜水员培训组织之一获得证书.
The card allows certified divers to rent equipment and dive around the world.
该卡允许认证潜水员租用设备并在世界各地下潜.
An instructor shows junior divers how to handle losing a mask underwater.
一名教练向潜水员展示了如何在水下处理丢失口罩的问题。
Scuba Gear Children ages ten to fourteen can earn Junior Open Water Certification.
10至14岁的Scuba Gear儿童可以获得初级露天取水证书。
Junior divers must dive with adults who are certified divers.
少年潜水员必须跟那些经认证的潜水员一起潜水.
For safety reasons, divers ages ten and eleven are trained to go no deeper than 12 meters (40 ft.)
出于安全考虑,10至11岁的潜水员被训练出不超过12米(40英尺).
Diver training organizations usually suggest that adult beginners go no deeper than 18 meters (60 ft.)
不同的培训组织通常认为成年初学者的深度不超过18米(60英尺).
These shallower depths make it easier to reach the surface in an emergency.
这些更浅的深度使得在紧急情况下更容易到达地表.
Scuba training prepares divers to deal with unique and unexpected conditions that can occur while diving.
斯库巴训练使潜水员做好准备,以应对潜水时可能出现的出乎意料的独特情况.
The most serious hazards are related to breathing compressed air as pressure increases under the water.
最严重的危害与呼吸压缩空气有关,因为水下的压力会增加.
Divers must carefully plan the depth and length of every dive.
潜水员必须仔细规划每次潜水的深度和长度.
A condition known as nitrogen narcosis is one risk, especially during deeper dives.
一个被称为"氮化"的条件是一种风险,特别是在更深的潜水时.
Air contains nitrogen, a gas.
空气中含有氮气,一种气体.
The nitrogen in the compressed air takes longer to escape body tissues of divers under water than on the surface.
压缩空气中的氮比地表需要更长的时间来逃避潜水员在水下的身体组织.
It can form bubbles that affect a diver’s nervous system.
它可以形成会影响潜水员神经系统的气泡.
Narcosis can result in reduced vision, light-headedness, and confusion.
纳科斯症可导致视力下降、头晕和混乱。
Effects of Nitrogen Narcosis Symptoms may vary, depending on the individual diver, depth, and dive site.
氮氮化物症状的影响可能因个人潜水器,深度,下潜地而异.
(49 ft.)
(49英尺长)
(98 ft.)
(98英尺长)
(148 ft.)
(148英尺) (中文(简体) ).
(197 ft.)
(197英尺) (中文(简体) ).
Another serious danger divers may face is decompression sickness.
潜水员可能面临的另一个严重危险是抑郁症。
Also called “the bends,” decompression sickness happens when divers stay down for too long or ascend too fast—particularly from dives deeper than 30.
也叫"弯道",是潜水员在下潜时间过长或爬升过快时发生的减压疾病,特别是潜水深度超过30.
5 meters (100 ft.)
5米(100平方英尺) meters.
Like nitrogen narcosis, the bends affects divers when gas bubbles form and expand in muscles and other tissues.
与氮化物一样,在气泡形成并扩张于肌肉等组织时,弯道会影响潜水员.
This condition can be very painful and even deadly.
这种状况可能非常痛苦甚至致命。
To avoid this danger, divers are trained to come to the surface slowly or make decompression stops as they ascend.
为了避免这种危险,潜水员经过训练后会慢慢地浮出水面,或在升起时使减压停止.
These stops give the dangerous gases time to leave the body.
这些停止使危险的气体有时间离开尸体.
If a diver suffers decompression sickness, he or she can be treated inside a decompression chamber if one is available.
如果潜水员患有减压疾病,他或她可以在减压室内治疗,如果有的话。
The Bridge and the Bends Decompression sickness does not only happen to divers.
桥和弯道减压疾病不仅发生在潜水员身上。
When the construction of New York’s Brooklyn Bridge began in the 1870s, workers were sent to work in big underwater structures called caissons (KAY-sahnz).
1870年代纽约布鲁克林大桥开工时,工人被派去叫作caissons(KAY-sahnz)的大型水下结构上工作.
Air pumps created air pressure inside the caissons to keep water out.
空气泵在相机内部产生出气压来使出水.
The workers dug into the bottom of the East River to create the base for the huge bridge.
工人挖入东江下游为巨型桥打出基地.
When they returned to the surface, many complained of headaches and joint pain.
当他们回到地表时,许多人抱怨头痛和关节疼痛.
At least five died.
至少有五个人死了
They all turned out to be victims of decompression sickness.
他们都是抑郁症的受害者
The Brooklyn Bridge For those unfamiliar with diving, marine animals such as sharks and stingrays may seem like a big danger while swimming in the ocean.
布鲁克林大桥 对于那些不熟悉潜水的人来说,鲨鱼和刺ray等海洋动物在出海游泳时可能看起来是个大危险.
In truth, these animals pose little threat to divers, and attacks by sharks and other sea creatures are extremely rare.
事实上,这些动物对潜水者的威胁很小,鲨鱼和其他海洋生物的攻击极为罕见.
Divers are taught to treat any wildlife they encounter with great respect.
向潜水员传授如何对待他们遇到的野生生物
That means keeping a safe distance—for the well-being of marine life as well as the diver.
这意味着保持安全距离——为海洋生物和潜水员的福祉服务。
Diving to Work Learning to scuba dive opens job opportunities for divers.
潜水去工作学习去潜水 为潜水员提供了就业机会
Special certifications are often required to prepare divers for new challenges.
往往需要特殊认证才能为潜水员迎接新的挑战做好准备.
Great Dive Sites With training and certification in hand, divers are ready to explore the world of water.
大潜水站点 随着培训和认证的到来,潜水员们准备探索水的世界.
Amazing dive sites are found around the globe.
全球到处都有惊人的潜水点
The following four places highlight different kinds of recreational diving.
以下四地突出出不同种类的休闲潜水.
Great Barrier Reef Reef Diving—Coral reefs are the best places to see colorful fish and lots of other marine life.
大障碍 珊瑚礁潜水- 珊瑚礁是看到多彩鱼类和许多其他海洋生物的最佳场所.
The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef system in the world, running some 2,300 kilometers (1,400 mi.)
大障碍 珊瑚礁是世界上最大的珊瑚礁系统,运行了约2300公里(1400米.
along the eastern coast of Australia.
沿着澳大利亚东海岸.
At the Great Barrier Reef, divers can swim with whitetip reef sharks, large potato cod, and many kinds of coral.
在大堡礁,潜水员可以与白尖礁鲨鱼,大型马铃薯鳕,以及多种珊瑚一起游泳.
Chuuk Lagoon Wreck Diving—Once known as Truk Lagoon, this dive site is located in the central Pacific Ocean.
楚克湖湖(英语:Chuuk Lagoon) 沉船潜水 这个潜水场曾经被称作"特鲁克湖"(Truk Lagoon),位于太平洋中部.
During World War II (1939–1945), sea and air battles sank many Japanese warships and aircraft here.
二战期间(1939–1945),海空会战在此沉没了多艘日本军舰和飞机.
Chuuk Lagoon became a favorite destination for history buffs and wreck divers.
Chuuk Lagoon成为历史布夫和沉船潜水员最喜爱的目的地.
Great Barrier Reef Chuuk Lagoon Riviera Maya, Mexico Freshwater Diving— The eastern part of Mexico has many underground caverns with pools of fresh water called cenotes (sih-NOH- teez).
大堡礁 Chuuk Lagoon Riviera Maya 墨西哥淡水潜水 墨西哥东部有许多地下洞穴,有池子取出淡水取来取来叫取心(sih-NOH-teez).
The water is usually very clear and cool.
水通常非常清澈而凉爽.
One of the most impressive cenote dive sites is Dos Ojos, a large underground system of caverns and caves.
最令人印象深刻的地心下潜地点之一是多斯·奥霍斯(Dos Ojos),这是一个由洞穴和洞穴组成的大型地下系统.
Channel Islands, California Cold-Water and Drift Diving—Ocean waters off the coast of California are cold, and to stay warm divers must wear thick wet suits or dry suits.
海峡群岛、加利福尼亚冷水和漂流 加利福尼亚州近海的海水是冷的,要保持温暖的潜水员必须穿厚厚的湿服或干服.
Dry suits keep out all water, and many divers prefer them for cold-water or ice diving.
干服会挡住所有的出水口,许多潜水员更喜欢做冷水或冰上潜水.
Diving the Channel Islands also requires knowing how to drift dive.
潜入海峡群岛也需要知道如何漂浮。
Drift diving involves letting ocean currents carry divers from one place to another.
漂流潜水包括让洋流载着潜水员从一个地方到另一个地方.
A chase boat follows to pick them up at the end of the dive.
一艘追逐艇跟着去接他们 在下潜的尽头。
Divers can see the undersea kelp forests that are habitats for diverse marine wildlife around the Channel Islands.
潜水员可以看到海底海藻森林,它们是海峡群岛周围多种海洋野生动物的栖息地.
Creatures range from lobsters to bat rays to sea lions to otters.
花生从龙虾到蝙蝠射线到海狮到水獭不等.
Why Dive?
为什么潜入?
Diving into a lake or ocean is like plunging into another world.
潜入一个湖或海洋 就像潜入另一个世界
Below the surface live life-forms unlike any on land.
地表以下的活生生的形态与陆地上的任何生物不同.
Scuba divers are privileged to see this beautiful, alien environment up close.
斯库巴潜水员有幸看到这个美丽的外星环境靠近。
Diving is also unlike any other sport.
潜水也不同于任何其他运动.
Divers often describe gliding underwater as an awesome experience, like being able to hover and fly.
潜水员们常将水下滑翔描述为一次令人赞叹的经历,比如能够徘徊和飞行.
Scuba is a fun skill to learn, and with training and good judgment it is very safe as well as thrilling.
斯库巴是一种有趣的学习技能,经过培训和良好的判断,它既安全又令人兴奋。
It is an adventurous way to explore places few people ever have a chance to visit.
这是一个冒险的探索方式,
Math Minute The maximum depth that advanced recreational divers are allowed to dive is 30.
数学分钟 允许高级休闲潜水员潜水的最大深度为30.
5 meters (100 ft.)
5米(100平方英尺) meters.
To avoid getting the bends, divers are trained to ascend no faster than 9 meters (30 ft.)
为了避免得到弯道,潜水员被训练起航速度不超过9米(30英尺.
per minute.
每分钟。
If a diver is 30.
若下潜者为三十.
5 meters (100 ft.)
5米(100平方英尺) meters.
underwater, how long should it take for him or her to ascend to the surface?
在水下,他或她需要多久才能登上地表?
Answer: 3 minutes and 20 seconds A diver photographing a sea lion in the Sea of Cortes, Mexico Glossary air pressure (n.)
答:3分20秒 一号潜水员拍摄出墨西哥克特斯海中一头海狮相片(n.
the force of air in the atmosphere (p.
大气中的空气力量(p.
6) ascent (n.)
6) 升(不详)
upward movement in position (p.
向上移动(p.
8) certification (n.)
8) 认证(不详)
an official document showing that something has been achieved (p.
官方文件显示已经取得了某些成就(p.
8) compressed (adj.)
8) 压缩(adj.
squeezed or pressed tightly together (p.
被挤压或紧紧地挤压在一起(p.
7) contraption (n.)
7) 装置 (n.
a machine or device, often one that is new or unusual (p.
机器或装置,常常是新的或不寻常的(p.
6) descent (n.)
6) 血统 (n.
downward movement in position (p.
位置下移(p.
8) hazards (n.)
8) 危害(n.)
possible dangers or risks (p.
可能的危险或风险(第2页)
10) nitrogen narcosis (n.)
10) 氮化osis (n.