Saving the Salmon
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 The Mighty Columbia.
4 万能哥伦比亚。
6 Settlers and Salmon.
6 定居者与沙门.
8 The Rise of Dams.
8"起坝".
10 Spending to Help Salmon.
十花相助沙门.
13 What’s So Great About Dams?
13 水坝有什么了不起?
16 Taking Down Dams.
16取倒坝.
18 What Does “Endangered” Get You?
18 “愤怒”给你带来什么?
21 Conclusion.
21 结论。
23 Glossary.
23 词汇表。
23 Introduction Salmon know how to travel.
23 导言沙门会出行.
They don’t live a long time by human standards—only a few years.
他们按照人的标准活不了很长时间,
But during that time, they make a more epic journey than most of us ever will.
但在那段时间里 他们的旅程比我们大多数人 都更史诗般
parents die.
父母都会死
live on food in their egg sacs.
住在他们的蛋囊里
migrate great distances.
远道而来
are called smolts.
被称为smolts。
within yards of their birthplace.
在他们出生地的几码内
out for predators.
给捕食者。
Both Pacific and Atlantic salmon are born in fresh water.
太平洋和大西洋鲑鱼都生于淡水中.
They make their way to the open ocean to grow up.
他们去大海长大
Very few creatures are able to live in both salt water and fresh water.
很少有生物能够同时生活在咸水和淡水中.
Fewer still can migrate 3,000 miles through the ocean, then as many as 1,000 miles upstream, in order to reach the exact spot where they once hatched.
为了到达它们曾经孵化过的确切地点,仍然很少有人能够迁徙出3000英里的海洋,然后在上游迁徙到1000英里.
To get home, salmon have to make it past fishing nets, sea lions, dams, and more.
要回家,鲑鱼必须经过渔网,海狮,水坝等等。
It is a long, hard, and desperate race.
这是一个漫长、艰难和绝望的种族。
Only one out of a thousand salmon may make it back to the stream where it was born.
千沙门中只有一门能回出世所出之溪.
Salmon do all of this just to spawn and then die.
沙门做这一切只是为了产卵 然后死去
Yet salmon in many U.
然而,很多U的鲑鱼。
S.
师曰.
rivers are dying before they spawn because of changes that people have made to those rivers.
由于人们对这些河流的改变,河流在产卵前就已经死亡了。
Some of the biggest changes—and biggest challenges to salmon survival—are on the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest.
一些最大的变化—— 和对鲑鱼生存的最大挑战—— 发生在西北太平洋的哥伦比亚河上。
The Mighty Columbia The Columbia River is the biggest river flowing into the Pacific Ocean from North America.
强大的哥伦比亚 哥伦比亚河是从北美流入太平洋的最大河流.
It drains a 259,000-square-mile basin— roughly the size of France—that includes land in seven Western states.
它耗尽了259 000平方英里的盆地——大致相当于法国的面积——包括七个西方国家的土地。
It begins in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, and its tributaries come from as far east as Yellowstone National Park.
它从不列颠哥伦比亚的加拿大落基山脉起发,其支流自最东端至黄石国家公园.
The river’s last 300 miles form the Washington–Oregon state line.
这条河流最后300英里构成了华盛顿-奥雷贡州界线.
A sea lion catches a Chinook salmon migrating up the Columbia River.
一只海狮捕到一只Chinook鲑鱼 在哥伦比亚河上游迁徙
Many wild animals, from tiny insects to grizzly bears, depend on salmon for food.
许多野生动物,从小昆虫到灰熊,都以鲑鱼为食.
At one time, six species of Pacific salmon are known to have lived in the Columbia River Basin: Chinook, coho, sockeye, chum, pink, and steelhead.
曾有6种太平洋鲑鱼被指生活在哥伦比亚河流域:Chinook,coho, sockeye, chum,粉红色和钢头.
Five of the six species are still found there.
六种中还出有五种.
Pinks are extinct in that river, and scientists worry that others may die off, too.
红粉在河中已经灭绝 科学家担心其他人也会死
Legend has it salmon once were so thick in some Columbia tributaries that you could cross from one riverbank to the other by walking on their backs.
传说它曾经在哥伦比亚的一些支流中非常浓厚, 你可以从一个河岸到另一个河岸, 步行在他们的背上。
In the 1850s, Washington settlers said two men with a boat and a net could catch 1,200 pounds of salmon in one night.
1850年代,华盛顿定居者说,两人带着一艘船和一网一网,在一夜之内可以捕捉到1200磅的鲑鱼.
At that time, some 10–16 million adult salmon returned to the Columbia each year to spawn.
当时,每年约有一千万至一600万只成年鲑鱼返回哥伦比亚产卵.
Today, a tiny fraction of that number return.
今天,这个数字有一小部分返回。
What happened?
发生了什么事?
Settlers and Salmon Native Americans of the Columbia River Basin lived on and with the salmon for thousands of years.
哥伦比亚河流域的定居者和沙门土著美国人与沙门一起生活了几千年。
White settlers did things differently than the Indian tribes.
白人定居者的所作所为与印第安人部落不同。
As soon as the settlers arrived, they began to change the salmon’s habitat, always in ways that hurt salmon.
移民一到,他们就开始改变鲑鱼的栖息地,总是以伤害鲑鱼的方式改变.
First, they removed giant clusters of logs from the rivers that salmon had long relied on for shade and protection.
首先,它们从鲑鱼长期依赖的河流中取出巨型的木头群来进行遮荫和保护.
Next, the settlers started logging the forests, which in turn sent dirt into the rivers.
接着,定居者开始砍伐森林,森林又把泥土运入河流。
Salmon need clear, cool, rocky beds to lay their eggs in.
沙门需要清晰,凉爽,多岩石的床来下蛋.
The dirt choked and destroyed their spawning beds.
泥土窒息并摧毁了它们的产卵床.
Later, the invention of the chainsaw and bulldozer let people log the forests faster, only making matters worse.
后来,链锯和推土机的发明让人们更快地登上森林,只会让事情变得更糟.
Fishermen unload their nets of salmon on a pier a century ago.
一个世纪前,渔民在码头卸下鲑鱼网。
Three loggers pose atop giant trees in 1905.
1905年3个伐木工摆出阿托普巨型树.
Farmers’ widespread use of pesticides and fertilizers to keep insects away and grow bigger crops polluted the water.
农民广泛使用杀虫剂和肥料来驱赶昆虫并种植污染水的更大作物。
Irrigation for crops took water from streams and left little for fish.
农作物灌溉从溪流取来水,很少留给鱼类。
Fishing—or rather, overfishing—hurt Pacific salmon, too.
渔业,或者说过度捕捞 -- -- 太平洋鲑鱼受伤。
When a type of fish is taken so often and in such great numbers that there aren’t many left, that fish can go extinct.
当一种鱼被摄取得如此频繁,数量如此之多,以至于没有留下多少鱼时,鱼就会灭绝。
Once the canneries were built, they could preserve the fish for longer travel.
罐头建成后,可以将鱼保存更长时间出行.
That meant fishermen could catch as many fish as their nets could hold without fear of their spoiling before they were sold.
这意味着渔民可以捕取尽可能多的鱼,而他们的鱼网可以养活,而不必担心它们在被卖出之前被破坏。
Canned salmon was shipped everywhere.
罐头鲑鱼被运送到任何地方。
By the 1860s, fishermen caught millions of pounds of fish each year, especially salmon.
至1860年代,渔民每年捕获数百万磅的鱼,特别是鲑鱼.
The Chinook salmon taken from the Columbia peaked in 1883 at almost 43 million pounds.
取自哥伦比亚的奇努克鲑鱼于1883年达到顶峰,近4300万英镑.
But in the 1900s, those numbers began to drop.
但在1900年代,这些数字开始下降.
Then the dams arrived.
然后大坝就来了
The Rise of Dams Today, dams are the greatest threat to salmon survival.
今天大坝的兴起,大坝是对鲑鱼生存的最大威胁.
Fishing—both ocean and in-river—kills far fewer salmon.
捕捞 -- -- 海洋和河中 -- -- 杀死的鲑鱼要少得多。
The dams have destroyed thousands of fishing jobs by killing millions of fish.
水坝摧毁了成千上万的渔业工作,杀死了数百万的鱼类。
One hundred years ago, there were no dams on the Columbia.
100年前,哥伦比亚河上没有水坝。
Today the main stem of the river has fourteen dams, with three in Canada and eleven in the United States.
今天,河干有14个水坝,加拿大有3个,美国有11个。
Including its tributaries, the river system holds more than 400 dams.
包括它的支流,河道系统有400多座水坝.
Some produce hydroelectric power; some do not.
有的发电;有的发电。
Some are humble in size; others are huge.
有些是谦卑的,有些是巨大的。
More than anything else, these dams have caused the salmon’s decline.
这些水坝更是导致鲑鱼衰落。
Here’s why: During their life cycle, salmon have to travel downstream as juveniles and return upstream as adults.
因此:在他们的生命周期里, 鲑鱼必须作为青少年下游,
Dams work against salmon swimming in either direction.
大坝与鲑鱼在两个方向游泳
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Today salmon are at risk for a variety of reasons, but the biggest ones can be broken into three categories.
如今鲑鱼由于各种原因处于危险之中,但最大的可以被分入三类.
All begin with H: habitat (the decline of the salmon’s home), harvest (overfishing), and hydroelectric power (dams).
首先是H:栖息地(鲑鱼家园的衰落)、收成(过度捕捞)和水力发电(水坝)。
In each case, humans are responsible.
在每一种情况下,人类都负有责任。
The obvious problem is the dam itself.
显而易见的问题是水坝本身。
Adult salmon returning upstream have to find a way past each dam that stands between them and their birthplace.
回到上游的成年鲑鱼必须找到一条路 穿过它们与生地之间的每个水坝
When engineers built the dams, they built many with fish ladders so adults could return to spawn where they were born.
当工程师建造水坝时,他们用鱼梯建造了许多,这样成年人就可以回到出生地产卵.
Fish ladders are a great invention, but some salmon fail to find them.
鱼梯是一个伟大的发明,但有些鲑鱼找不到.
Others fall back down from above the dams.
其他人从大坝上方倒下
The less obvious—but worse—problem caused by each dam is the water backed up behind it.
每个水坝造成的不太明显、但更糟糕的问题是后面的水。
Where a river once ran, each dam creates a reservoir in its place.
曾经有一条河跑过的地方,每个大坝都会在它的位置上形成一个水库.
Salmon understand how to navigate rivers because the water in creeks and rivers is always moving downstream.
沙门懂得如何通航河流 因为小溪和河流中的水总是在下游移动.
Adults heading upstream lose their way in the reservoirs because the water is slack—it has no current for them to follow.
上游的成年人在水库中迷失了方向,因为水很松,没有水流可供他们跟踪。
Juveniles coming downstream have it far worse.
下游的少年情况更糟
During their journey to the ocean, juveniles used to get a big boost when they were washed downstream by spring snowmelt.
在前往海洋的旅程中,少年们在被春雪融水冲入下游时得到了很大的推动.
Since reservoirs have replaced the river behind dams, what once was a week’s trip to the ocean now takes thirty days.
由于水库取代了水坝后面的河道,曾经是一周的出海之行现在需要30天。
As fish drift without a current, some fall ill and die.
随着鱼漂流而无水流,有些人生病而死.
Others are caught in the dams’ turbines.
也有人陷入水坝的涡轮。
These reservoirs also breed predators.
这些水库也育有捕食者.
Although native to the Columbia, pikeminnow love the still, warmer water created by dams.
虽然皮克明诺是哥伦比亚人的原生地,但皮克明诺喜欢由水坝所创造的更温暖的静水.
So do certain non-native fish.
某些非本地鱼也一样
Both groups have a taste for juvenile salmon.
这两个团体都喜欢幼年的鲑鱼。
In one reservoir alone, these fish are estimated to eat 2.
仅在一个水库中,这些鱼估计就吃2个.
7 million juvenile salmon each year, with pikeminnow taking most of them.
每年有700万只小鲑鱼,其中多数是白鱼。
The dams kill far more juvenile salmon migrating to the ocean than adults migrating from it.
水坝杀死迁徙到海洋的鲑鱼比成年人要多得多。
Of course, there are more young salmon to kill.
当然,还有更多的年轻的鲑鱼要杀死。
The ones that never make it to the ocean will never make it back again.
那些永远回不了大海的人再也不会回来
Ladders for Fish?
鱼的花花
By leaping up a series of low steps, adult fish are able to climb past the dams.
通过跳出一连串的低台阶,成年鱼可以爬过水坝.
The amount of water falling over the steps has to be enough to attract the fish to the ladder.
台阶上倒入的水量必须足以吸引鱼到梯子上.
But it can’t be so much that it washes fish back downstream or exhausts them so that they can’t continue their journey upriver.
无法继续沿河上行。
Spending to Help Salmon People want to save the salmon.
花去帮助沙门 众生想救沙门.
Just in the five years between 1997 and 2001, federal, state, and Native American governments spent $1.
在1997年至2001年的五年间,联邦、州和美洲原住民政府花费了1美元。
5 billion on efforts to save the salmon.
50亿努力拯救鲑鱼.
Programs are in place to control water pollution, overfishing, and mobs of pikeminnow as well as to promote healthy salmon habitat.
制定了方案来控制水污染、过度捕捞和黑道暴徒,以及促进健康的鲑鱼生境。
People even give barge rides to juvenile salmon headed downstream.
人们甚至把驳船载到下游的小型鲑鱼。
Here’s how barging works: At certain dams, the government collects millions of juveniles out of the river.
如此一来, 在某些水坝里,政府收集了数百万少年出河.
The young fish are shot through pipes into barges (boats with flat bottoms) that carry them downstream.
幼鱼被从水管中射入下游载鱼的驳船(船底平平).
Below the last dam, the government dumps them back in the river.
在最后的水坝下方,政府把它们丢回了河中.
By 2005, upwards of 90 percent of the juvenile salmon in the Snake River—the Columbia’s largest tributary—were barged.
到2005年, 蛇河(哥伦比亚最大的支流)90%以上的小鲑鱼被淹没。
That number has dropped to less than 50 percent since 2006.
自2006年以来,这一数字已降至不到50%。
Why?
为什么?
Because it turns out that salmon barged below the dams die at a greater rate than those that make their own way through the dam system.
因为事实证明,在水坝下游行走的鲑鱼的死亡速度比那些通过水坝系统自行解决的要快.
Instead, some dams have been spilling extra water to help the juveniles downstream.
相反,一些水坝正在溢出额外的水来帮助下游的青少年。
When water spills over the dams, fish spill, too.
当水溢出大坝时,鱼也溢出.
That means fewer fish are collected, and fewer are barged.
这意味着收集的鱼较少,被驳船的鱼更少.
Spilling water for salmon means less water for hydroelectric power.
鲑鱼取水意味着水力发电量减少。
But sending fish over the dams instead of around them actually gives juveniles a higher rate of survival.
但把鱼放过大坝 而不是绕到大坝上 使幼鱼存活率更高
Just as barging once seemed like a great idea, Congress funds hatcheries—at a cost of $80 million a year—to breed and raise fish.
国会每年以8000万美元资助孵化场,
When the fish are old enough, they’re released into rivers.
当鱼龄足够大时,它们就会被放入河流。
The goal is to replace the miles of salmon spawning grounds that were blocked or flooded behind dams.
目标是取代被拦住或淹没在水坝后面的鲑鱼产卵地的里程.
Hatcheries multiply the number of salmon born each year.
花序相乘以每年出世的鲑鱼数量.
What’s more, because there are no predators in hatcheries and food is easy to come by, more young salmon survive in the hatchery than would in the wild.
更何况,因为孵化场里没有食肉动物, 食物容易来袭,
But hatcheries create their own set of problems.
但孵化器制造出自己的问题
Thousands of young steelhead salmon are released to start their journey to the ocean.
上千名年轻的钢头鲑鱼被放出开始出海之行.
For starters, hatchery fish aren’t considered truly wild.
首先,孵化鱼并不被认为是真正的野生鱼。
Because their early lives are easier than those of salmon spawned naturally, they’re less fit, less experienced, and therefore less apt to survive compared to wild fish.
因为比起自然产下的鲑鱼, 他们的早期生活更容易,
They’re also more prone to illness.
他们也更容易生病。
Maybe worse, they compete with wild salmon and even prey on them.
更糟糕的是,它们与野生鲑鱼竞争,甚至捕食它们.
Scientists still question whether hatchery programs help or threaten the survival of wild salmon.
科学家仍然质疑孵化术计划是否有助于或威胁野生鲑鱼的生存.
And some people argue that hatching more fish just throws millions more into a system that could end up killing them.
一些人认为,孵化出更多的鱼 只会把更多的鱼扔入一个系统 最终会杀死它们。
Critics say that the steps being taken to keep Columbia River salmon alive have grown as unnatural as the changes to their habitat.
批评者说,为保持哥伦比亚河鲑活命而正在采取的步骤已经发展出同其栖息地变化一样的不自然.
Maybe worse, critics say these steps don’t solve the root problem.
更糟糕的是,批评者说这些步骤并不能解决根本问题。
The real problem, they argue, is the dams.
他们认为,真正的问题是水坝。
What’s So Great About Dams?
水坝有什么了不起?
The dams were built for a reason, of course.
当然,建造水坝是有原因的。
Dams do a lot of great things.
水坝做很多伟大的事情。
They allow the passage of ships and help control floods.
它们允许船只通行并有助于控制洪水.
These are problems that the first settlers in the Northwest were forced to face many times.
这些都是西北地区第一批定居者被迫多次面对的问题。
Thanks to the dams, more inland areas can send their products (such as wheat and paper) down the river to seaports and beyond.
多亏了这些水坝,更多的内陆地区才能将其产品(如小麦和纸张)运入下游的海港和港口外.
Other products can make their way upstream.
其他产品可以向上游发展。
Dams provide water for one of the largest irrigation projects in the western United States.
大坝为美国西部最大的灌溉项目之一提供水源.
The project sends water to over half a million acres of rich but dry lands in central Washington.
该项目向华盛顿中部50多万英亩富饶而干燥的土地提供水源。
Thanks to the river water, the area’s farms grow important crops such as apples, corn, potatoes, hops, beans, and sugar beets.
多亏了河水,该地区的农场种植了苹果,玉米,马铃薯,跳豆,豆子等重要作物并种植了糖甜菜.
Tourists on a paddle wheel riverboat wait to move upriver as the lock fills at Bonneville Lock and Dam on the Columbia River.
乘坐划桨轮子河船的游客等待着向上移动,因为锁在哥伦比亚河畔的博内维尔洛克和达姆(Bonneville Lock and Dam).
How a Hatchery Works People capture salmon returning to spawn in hatcheries or in rivers and streams.
哈切里人如何捕捉回到孵化场或河流和溪流产卵的鲑鱼。
They collect the salmons’ eggs and watch over them.
他们收集鲑鱼的蛋,
Once the eggs hatch, people place them in holding tanks to grow and develop.
鸡蛋孵出后,人们会把它们放入贮藏箱以生长发育.
When the fish are old enough, they are released into the river.
等鱼已长出后放入江来.
If they make it to the ocean, they’ll spend the next 1–3 years there, then return to the hatchery or spawning grounds.
如果它们到达了海洋,它们会在那里度过1到3年,然后返回孵化地或产卵地。
The Columbia is a great source of hydroelectric power as well.
哥伦比亚也是水力发电的一大来源。
The fourteen hydroelectric dams on the Columbia and the many more on its tributaries generate more hydroelectric power than those on any other North American river.
哥伦比亚有14个水力发电大坝,还有更多的水力发电大坝在它的支流上,其发电量比其他北美河流的发电大。
Today, customers in the Pacific Northwest enjoy some of the cheapest electricity in the country, as do high-tech companies like Google.
如今,太平洋西北地区的客户享受到国内一些最便宜的电力,谷歌等高科技公司也享受到了这种待遇.
The dams don’t pollute or contribute to global warming either, but all these benefits come at a price.
水坝也不会污染全球暖化,
Much of that price has been paid by salmon, which have been driven to the point of extinction.
大部分价格都由鲑鱼支付,而鲑鱼已经濒临灭绝。
Taking Down Dams Since the salmon have been listed as endangered species, pressure to do something about the dams has grown.
倒计时 水坝 由于鲑鱼被列为濒危物种,对大坝采取行动的压力也越来越大.
Spilling water has helped salmon, but people still talk about taking out dams—maybe not all of them, maybe not most of them, but some.
但人们仍在谈论取出水坝的问题,
The dams that seem to generate the most talk are four on the Snake River.
产生最多议论的水坝有四座在蛇河上.
Together, those four dams create one long stretch of slack water for about 140 miles.
这四座大坝加在一起 形成了一长长的疏水 大约140英里。
That water makes it tough for salmon to migrate both upstream and downstream.
这种水使得鲑鱼很难在上下游迁徙。
Scientists say that allowing the lower Snake River to flow naturally is the best way to bring back the salmon.
科学家们说,让下蛇河自然地流出是把鲑鱼带回来的最佳方法.
Snake River Lower Dams Proposed for Removal Dams: (W to E) 1 Ice Harbor 2 Lower Monumental 3 Little Goose 4 Lower Granite Oregon Washington Montana Idaho Snake River Columbia River When Bonneville Dam was built in the 1930s, the dam was a disaster for Native Americans who lived upstream.
蛇河下坝提议去除大坝:(W至E) 1 冰港 2 下单地 三 小雁 4 下花地 俄勒冈州 华盛顿州 蒙大拿州 爱达荷 蛇河 哥伦比亚河 邦内维尔大坝于20世纪30年代建成时,该大坝是生活在上游的美洲原住民的灾难.
Others welcomed the cheap electricity that the dam helps provide.
其他人欢迎水坝提供的廉价电力。
Taking down the dams is pretty simple.
拆除水坝很简单
The reservoirs would be drained; the rivers would run again.
水库将被排出;河流将再次流出。
But removing those four dams worries people in the area for a number of reasons.
但是,拆除这四个水坝使该地区的人们担心,原因很多。
They fear the loss of cheap power to the Pacific Northwest.
他们担心西北太平洋将失去廉价的电力.
They fear that the lost power would be replaced by forms of energy that would worsen air pollution and global warming.
他们担心失去的电力会被会加剧空气污染和全球变暖的能源所取代。
They fear that removing those dams would hurt the area’s economy and its farmers, leading to thousands of lost jobs.
他们担心拆除这些水坝会损害该地区的经济及其农民,导致数千人失业。
Are they right to be afraid?
他们害怕是对的吗?
People who want to remove the dams don’t think so.
希望拆除水坝的人并不这么认为。
They say that with careful planning, electricity bills, pollution, and spending on saving the salmon can all actually come down along with the dams.
他们说,通过仔细的规划, 电费,污染, 以及用于拯救鲑鱼的开支, 都可以与水坝一起下降。
They explain that removing the dams can lead to new jobs.
他们解释说,拆除水坝可以带来新的工作。
They explain how farmers can find other ways to get their crops to market and other ways to get water for irrigation as well.
它们解释了农民如何找到其他方法,使他们的作物进入市场,以及获得灌溉用水的其他方法。
The two sides argue back and forth.
二相相争相相相取.
Dam removal is not unheard of, especially in the Pacific Northwest.
特别是在西北太平洋,拆除大坝并非不闻所闻。
Marmot Dam on Oregon’s Sandy River was removed in 2007, making it a free- flowing river from Mount Hood glaciers to its mouth at the Columbia River for the first time in ninety-five years.
俄勒冈州的马莫特水坝 2007年取出河道,成为胡德山冰川至哥伦比亚河口的一条自由出行的河流,是95年来第一次流出.
Members of the environmental group “Save Our Wild Salmon” gather at Bonneville Dam in 2004.
“拯救我们的野生沙门”环境小组的成员于2004年在Bonneville水坝聚会。
What Does “Endangered” Get You?
“愤怒”给你带来什么?
Meanwhile, scientists have known for decades that the Pacific Northwest’s salmon are in trouble.
与此同时,科学家们几十年来都知道西北太平洋的鲑鱼有麻烦了。
Every type left in the Columbia River Basin is listed for protection under the Endangered Species Act and has been for years.
哥伦比亚河流域所留下的每一种类型都根据"濒危物种法"列入保护范围,并且已经存在了多年.
One of the most important ways the Act can protect species is by protecting their habitat, since a species cannot survive without a home.
该法能够保护物种的最重要的方法之一是保护物种的栖息地,因为没有家园,物种就无法生存.
But the habitat of Columbia River salmon underwent huge changes before the fish were ever listed for protection.
但哥伦比亚河鲑的栖息地在鱼类被列入保护名单之前就发生了巨大的变化.
So while some argue about how to protect the salmon’s habitat, others insist that the real question ought to be how to restore it.
因此,虽然有些人争论如何保护鲑鱼的栖息地,但另一些人坚持认为真正的问题应该是如何恢复它。
According to scientists, the best course of action to save the salmon is to take out some dams.
科学家认为,拯救鲑鱼的最佳行动方针是取出一些水坝.
According to the Endangered Species Act, if the best science says dams should come down, then dams should come down.
根据"濒危物种法",如果最好的科学说大坝应该倒下,那么大坝应该倒下.
But when money and politics are involved, science sometimes gets pushed aside.
但当涉及金钱和政治时,科学有时被推到一边去.
When that happens, species like the salmon get pushed aside, too.
一旦发生这种情况,像鲑鱼这样的物种也会被推到一边去。
Save That Species!
拯救那个物种!
Endangered species are plants and animals that exist in small numbers and may be lost forever without quick action to stop their decline.
濒危物种是少量存在的植物和动物,如果不迅速采取行动来阻止其衰落,可能永远消失.
In 1973, Congress passed the Endangered Species Act (ESA) to protect those animals most in danger of extinction in the United States.
1973年,国会通过了"濒危物种法"(ESA)来保护那些在美国面临最灭绝危险的动物.
The Endangered Species Act says people must act on the “best available science” in order to save those species.
濒危物种 法案规定,人们必须根据“现有最佳科学”采取行动,以拯救这些物种。
It can be a powerful law to have in your corner.
能于一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一.
Thanks to the ESA, the bald eagle and other species have been saved.
由于欧空局的帮助,秃鹰和其他物种被拯救了。
Conclusion Some people say it’s a waste of time to talk about whether to pull down the dams.
结论 有些人说, 谈论是否拆坝是浪费时间。
They say most people don’t care enough about the fish to tear them down.
大部分人并不在乎这些鱼,
So far, this seems to be the case.
到目前为止,情况似乎如此。
And so far, a few salmon still make it back to the bend in the river where they were born.
目前,还有几只鲑鱼 仍然能回到他们出生地的河道
They lay their eggs before they die so their whole amazing story can begin again.
它们在死前产下蛋,这样他们整个惊人的故事就可以重新开始.
So far, salmon remain a living legend.
迄今为止,鲑鱼仍然是活生生的传说.
If people care enough, salmon can stay that way, instead of becoming the sort of legend that starts, “Once upon a time.”
如果人们足够关心,鲑鱼就能够保持这种状态,而不是成为开始的传说:“很久以前。 “