Ramses II
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Egypt’s Famous Pharaoh.
内容列表 埃及名人法老.
4 A Royal Surprise.
4个皇家惊喜
5 Growing Up to Be Pharaoh.
5,成长为法老.
6 A Warrior Becomes King.
6 勇士成为国王。
9 Battles.
9场战役.
11 Ramses the Great.
11拉美西斯大帝(英语:
14 Glossary.
14 词汇表。
16 Egypt’s Famous Pharaoh King Ramses II (also written Ramesses II) reigned during the New Kingdom, a five-hundred- year period considered the golden age of ancient Egypt.
16 埃及名人法老 国王拉美西斯二世(也写作"拉梅塞斯二世")在新王国统治时期,一个长达五百年的时期认为是古埃及的黄金时代.
He was the third king of the Nineteenth Dynasty, reigning from 1279 to 1213 bc.
他是第十九王朝的第三任国王,从1279年到1213年bc统治.
His sixty- six-year rule was unusually long in a time when most people died before age forty-five.
他的六十六年统治期异常之长,当时大多数人在45岁之前就已经去世了.
During these years, Ramses II would become one of Egypt’s most powerful pharaohs, or rulers and earn him the title of Ramses the Great.
在这些年中,拉美西斯二世将成为埃及最强大的法老之一,或者统治者,并让他获得拉美西斯大帝的头衔.
Ramses was almost certainly the most famous pharaoh in ancient times.
拉美西斯几乎肯定是古代最出名的法老.
A huge statue of Ramses II in the British Museum weighs 6.
大英博物馆一尊巨大的"拉美西斯二世"雕像重6.
58 mt (7.
58米(7.
25 t.)
25个t.)
A Royal Surprise Ramses II was born around 1303 bc to the military commander Seti I and his wife, Mut-Tuy (MOOT TOO-ee).
一个"皇家惊喜"(Royal Surprise Ramses II)生于1303 bc左右,是军事指挥官塞蒂一世和他的妻子穆特-图伊(英语:Mooot Too-ee).
Experts believe he had at least one older sister named Tia and may have had another sister named Henutmire (he-nuht-MEE-ray).
专家认为他至少有一个叫蒂亚的姐姐,可能还有一个叫赫努特米尔(He-nuht-MEE-ray)的妹妹.
Ramses’s parents probably didn’t expect Ramses to become pharaoh.
拉美西斯的父母可能没想到拉美西斯会成为法老。
They weren’t even members of the royal family.
他们甚至不是王室成员。
However, King Tutankhamun died without an heir.
然而,图坦卡蒙国王死后没有继承人.
One of Tutankhamun’s officers briefly took over as pharaoh.
Tutankhamun的一名军官曾短暂接任法老.
He was replaced by Horemheb, Tutankhamun’s commander of the army, a few years later.
几年后由图坦卡蒙的陆军指挥官霍雷姆赫布接任.
Ramses II’s grandfather was an army general named Paramessu who had served with Horemheb.
拉美西斯二世的外祖父是一位名叫帕拉梅苏的陆军将领,曾效力于霍雷姆赫布.
When Horemheb became pharaoh, he appointed Paramessu to be his heir.
荷伦黑卜出任法老后,他任命帕拉梅苏为他的继承人.
Paramessu became pharaoh several years later.
帕拉梅苏在几年后成为了法老.
He changed his name to Ramses I and established his family as the new royal line.
他改名拉美西斯一世并建立了他的家人为新的王室一行.
Ramses’s father, Seti I, became pharaoh just a few years later, which put Ramses in line for the throne.
拉美西斯的父亲塞蒂 我,仅仅几年后就成为了法老,这让拉美西斯为王位排队.
Tutankhamun’s funeral mask MEDITERRANEAN SEA RED SEA NUBIA Kadesh Pi-Ramesse Abu Simbel Abydos Ramesseum Thebes Karnak Nile River Nile River Delta Orontes River Hittite Empire Egyptian Empire Growing Up to Be Pharaoh What we know of Ramses’s early life comes from artwork and carvings discovered in the structures he built.
图坦卡蒙的葬礼 (原始内容存档于2019-09-26) (英语). Medirranean SEA RED SEA NUBIA Kadesh Pi-Ramesse Abu Simbel Abydos Ramesseum Thebes Karnak Nile River 尼罗河 Delta Orontes River Hittite Empire Egypt Egypan Empire Growing up to Be Fair). 我们所了解的拉美西斯早期生活来自于在他建造的结构中发现的艺术品和雕刻.
Ramses II was named Seti I’s successor at an early age.
拉美西斯二世早年被封为塞蒂一世的接班人.
As a result, much of Ramses’s education was obtained by accompanying his father and observing him as he performed the work of a pharaoh.
因此,拉美西斯的大部分教育都是通过陪伴他的父亲和观察他完成一位法老的工作而得到的.
Artwork shows Ramses II performing religious duties with his father by offering a gift of wild birds to the god Amun.
艺术表演 拉美西斯二世通过向神阿蒙提供野生鸟类来与他父亲一起履行宗教职责.
Carvings show Ramses and Seti I roping a bull (top) and making an offering to the god Amun (bottom).
雕刻显示拉美西斯和赛蒂 我用一头牛来做祭品,
Another scene shows Ramses and his father roping a bull.
另一个场景显示拉美西斯和他父亲在打一头公牛.
As crown prince, Ramses would someday lead Egypt’s army into battle.
作为王储,拉美西斯总有一天会带领埃及军队出战.
He needed to develop physical strength and endurance, so he probably began training while still a young child.
他需要培养出体能和耐力,因此他很可能在还是个孩子的时候开始训练.
Physical challenges, like roping bulls and riding wild horses, were meant to prepare him for the demands of fighting.
物理上的挑战,如打打活牛和骑野马,都是为了让他准备好战斗的要求.
At an early age, Ramses was named a captain in the army, a position that may have been in name only.
年幼时,拉美西斯被指为陆军中队长,这个职位可能只名出众.
By giving young Ramses a title and authority, Seti I helped prepare the nation for Ramses’s rule.
赐予年轻 Seti一世曾帮助国家为拉美西斯的统治做准备。
When Nefertari died, Ramses dedicated an elaborate temple to her at Abu Simbel.
尼费塔里死后,拉美西斯在阿布·西姆贝尔为她专门建造了一座精心设计的神庙.
He decorated it with colossal statues of Nefertari, himself, and their children.
他用巨大的尼费塔里雕像装饰了它,他自己和他们的孩子们.
Usually, the pharaoh’s image is larger than others, but Nefertari’s statue was the same size as Ramses’s statue.
通常,法老的形象比其他人大,但尼费塔里雕像与拉美西斯雕像大小相同.
Nefertari’s temple was carved out of solid sandstone.
Nefertari的神庙被用坚固的砂岩雕出.
Nefertari As a teenager, Ramses was considered an adult.
内费塔里 少年时期,拉美西斯被认为是成年人.
He accompanied his father on military campaigns to gain experience with diplomacy and war that would prepare him to be pharaoh.
他随父亲出战,以获得外交和战争经验来为他作法老做准备.
He also had his own household.
他还有自己的家庭。
He married his first wife, Nefertari, when he was about fifteen.
他约15岁时就娶了第一任妻子内费塔里.
At the time, it was common for rulers to have many wives, and Ramses was no exception.
当时,统治者通常有许多妻子,拉美西斯也不例外.
Historians think Ramses married eight or more royal wives as well as several “minor wives,” but Nefertari was his favorite.
历史学家认为拉美西斯嫁给了8个或8个以上的王室妻子以及几个"未成年的妻子",但内费塔里是他最喜爱的.
“My love is unique,” Ramses wrote of her.
“我的爱是独一无二的”,拉美西斯写道她。
“No one can rival her, for she is the most beautiful woman alive.”
“没有人能与她相匹敌,因为她是最美丽的活人。 “
Nefertari remained Ramses’s chief wife until her death.
Nefertari是拉美西斯的首席妻子,
This scene from the Nubian temple of Beit el-Wali shows Ramses and his two sons in battle.
这个从拜特-瓦利的努比亚神庙出道的场景显示拉美西斯和他的两个儿子在战斗中.
A Warrior Becomes King Ramses played an important role during much of his father’s reign.
一位勇士成为拉美西斯王 在父亲统治期间扮演了重要角色
He was in charge of military campaigns and became known as a courageous warrior.
他负责军事行动并被誉为勇敢的战士.
Artwork shows Ramses charging into battle with his two oldest sons.
艺术表演 拉美西斯与他的两个长子出战.
Historians think this battle took place during a rebellion in Nubia, a country located south of Egypt.
历史学家认为这场战役发生在位于埃及以南的努比亚的一场叛乱中.
Nubia was a source of gold and riches.
努比亚是黄金和财富的来源。
Egyptians and Nubians fought for its control.
埃及人和努比亚人争夺其控制权.
Seti I ruled for thirteen years.
赛蒂 我统治了十三年
Ramses was about twenty-five when Seti I died, which made Ramses pharaoh.
拉美西斯在塞蒂一世去世时大约25岁,这使得拉美西斯法老.
Early in his reign, Ramses restarted work on several of his father’s building projects.
在他统治初期,拉美西斯重新开始了他父亲的几个建筑项目.
Seti I had ordered stoneworkers and artisans to build an immense hall at Karnak containing 134 tall columns.
赛蒂 我命令石匠和工匠在卡纳克建造一个巨大的大厅,里面有134个高柱.
Walls were decorated with raised relief, or bas-relief—a process in which a scene’s background is carved away, leaving behind raised images.
墙壁被装饰有升起的自来水或自来水 -- -- 即一个场景背景被刻出的过程,留下了升起的图像。
However, Ramses soon directed workers to carve images directly into the stone.
然而,拉美西斯很快指示工人将图像直接刻入石头.
The faster technique resulted in less detailed images known as sunk relief.
更快的技巧导致被称为"沉降解"的图像不够详细.
He doubled the previous rate of temple building and ended up building more temples than any other pharaoh.
他将之前的庙会建筑率翻了一番,最终建造了比其他法老更多的庙会.
Ramses II commissioned many new building projects, including a second, larger temple at Abu Simbel, his mortuary temple—the Ramesseum, in Thebes—and a new capital city.
拉美西斯二世委托许多新的建筑项目,包括Abu Simbel的第二个较大的寺庙、他的太平天国寺——Thebes的Ramesseum和一个新的首都。
He named the new city Pi-Ramesse, which could be loosely translated “Ramsesopolis.”
他将新城市命名为"皮-拉梅斯"(Pi-Ramesse),可以被松散地翻译为"拉姆索波里斯". “
Pi-Ramesse allowed Ramses to move closer to Egypt’s long-standing enemies, the Hittites, who lived east of Egypt in a region that is now Syria.
允许Pi-Ramese 拉美西斯更接近埃及长期存在的敌人赫梯人,赫梯人生活在埃及以东的现在为叙利亚的地区.
The Ramesseum (top) was designed to honor Ramses II and keep the memory of him alive for eternity.
拉梅塞姆号(上部)旨在纪念拉美西斯二世并永远保持对他的记忆.
The Great Hypostyle Hall of Karnak (right) covers 5,000 square meters (53,820 sq.
伟大的假说 卡纳克大厅(右)占地5000平方米(53,820 sq.
ft.)
ft.) (中文(简体) ).
Battles Ramses successfully battled Hittites and reclaimed many small provinces taken by them.
拉美西斯战役成功打倒了赫梯人并收复了他们夺取的许多小省份.
Some were those his father was unsuccessful at reclaiming.
有些是他父亲没有成功收回的。
Hittites attacked and captured Kadesh, an important trade city, soon after Ramses II became pharaoh.
赫梯人攻击并俘虏了重要的贸易城市卡德什,在拉美西斯二世成为法老后不久.
Ramses led about twenty thousand soldiers to retake the city during the fifth year of his reign.
拉美西斯率领大约2万士兵于他统治的第五年收复了这座城市.
This battle became one of the most famous events from Ramses II’s reign.
这场战役成为拉美西斯二世统治时期最出名的事件之一.
Including the Hittite chariots, it holds the record as the world’s largest-ever chariot battle with about 4,500 chariots.
包括赫特人战车,它以约4500辆战车保持了史上最大的战车战绩.
The battle also involved the first recorded military ambush.
这场战斗还涉及第一次有记录的军事伏击.
The battle of Kadesh is especially famous because Ramses had its story illustrated on temple walls across Egypt and Nubia.
卡德什之战特别出名,因为拉美西斯的故事被描绘在埃及和努比亚两地的庙墙上.
Artwork shows Ramses, larger than all the other figures in the battle, soundly defeating the enemy.
艺术作品展现出拉美西斯在战斗中比其他所有人物都大,声势浩大地击败了敌人.
One of many similar images shows a large Ramses II defeating the Hittites.
许多类似图像之一显示有大型拉美西斯二世击败了赫梯人.
Ramses II riding in his chariot at the Battle of Kadesh.
拉美西斯二世在卡德什战役中骑着他的战车.
The Hittite army had around 2,500 chariots with three men in each.
赫梯人军队拥有约2500辆战车,每辆有3人.
It turns out that the battle wasn’t quite the victory that Ramses wanted people to think it was.
这场战役并非拉美西斯希望人们相信的胜利。
In fact, Ramses was nearly killed.
事实上,拉美西斯差点被杀死.
The battle itself was more a draw than a clear Egyptian victory.
这场战斗本身与其说是埃及的明显胜利,不如说是一场平局.
From Egyptian and Hittite records of the battle, scholars have concluded that Ramses’s army separated as it approached Kadesh.
从埃及和赫特人对战事的记载来看,学者们得出结论,拉美西斯的军队在接近卡德什时分离了.
Ramses’s division scouted ahead, and another division followed a day behind.
拉美西斯的师前去侦察,
A third group circled around to attack from the far side.
第三组在周围盘旋,从远方出击。
Two locals reported to Ramses that the Hittite army was still many miles north.
两名当地人向拉美西斯报告说,赫特人军队仍然在北上多英里.
However, Ramses soon learned that the Hittite army was much closer and was already preparing to attack.
然而,拉美西斯很快得知赫特人军队距离更近,已经准备出击.
Ramses sent word to his other divisions, but a Hittite ambush of 2,500 chariots overran his would-be reinforcements.
拉美西斯向他的其他师发出消息,但一支由2500辆战车组成的赫梯人伏击,压倒了自己将要的援军.
The Hittites then attacked Ramses’s small advance force.
赫梯人随后攻击拉美西斯的小型先遣部队.
According to Ramses, he held off the enemy single-handedly while the rest of his army fled.
根据拉美西斯的说法,他单枪匹马地挡住敌人,而他的其他军队却逃跑了.
According to other records, an elite division of Ramses’s army, called the Ne’arin, arrived just in time to save the pharaoh.
根据其他记录,拉美西斯军队的一个精锐师,即"内阿林",及时赶来拯救法老.
After heavy losses on both sides, though, the two leaders declared a truce.
但双方损失惨重后,双方领导人宣布停战.
Ramses withdrew his forces back to Egypt.
拉美西斯将部队撤回到埃及.
Over the following year, Ramses commissioned many poems and wall carvings to tell the story of the battle.
次年,拉美西斯委托许多诗作和墙雕来讲述战斗的故事.
All of them described him as a hero.
他们都称他为"英雄".
According to some experts, he’ d begun history’s first propaganda campaign.
据一些专家说,他开始了历史的第一次宣传活动。
Fifteen years later, the two nations were again on the verge of war, but fighting so far from Ramses’s base was difficult.
15年后,两国再次处于战争的边缘,但距离拉美西斯基地这么远的战斗是困难的.
Instead of fighting each other, Ramses II and the Hittite king united to create a peace treaty.
拉美西斯二世和赫梯克王没有互相出击,而是联合了起来,创立了和约.
It included clauses still used in modern peace treaties, such as an agreement not to attack one another’s territories.
它包括现代和平条约中仍然使用的条款,例如不攻击对方领土的协定。
It also ensured that the two nations would be allies for years to come.
它还确保两国在今后数年内成为盟国。
A copy of this treaty now hangs on the wall of the United Nations General Assembly building.
这份条约的副本现在挂在联合国大会大楼的墙上。
Giant sculptures of Ramses II are on either side of the entrance to the larger of two sandstone temples at Abu Simbel.
拉美西斯二世的巨型雕塑位于阿布·西姆贝尔两所更大型的砂岩寺庙入口的两侧.
Ramses the Great Ramses II ruled until 1213 bc before dying of natural causes at the age of ninety-one.
拉美西斯大公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公相公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公公
He outlived his oldest son and original heir as well as the next eleven sons in line for the throne.
他的长子和原始继承人以及接下来的11个儿子继承了王位。
His thirteenth son became pharaoh after him, but the dynasty soon began to decline.
他的第13个儿子在他之后成为了法老,但王朝很快就开始衰落.
One hundred fifty years after Ramses’s death, the New Kingdom came to an end.
拉美西斯死后150年,新王国宣告终结.
Ramses II was so famous in ancient Egypt that at least nine later pharaohs were named after him.
拉美西斯二世在古埃及非常出名,以至于至少有9名后期法老被以他命名.
Today, Ramses II is known as Ramses the Great.
今天,拉美西斯二世被称作"拉美西斯大帝".
He built more monuments and temples than any other pharaoh in history.
他建造了比历史上其他法老更多的纪念碑和寺庙.
As a result, he left behind a legacy of art, architecture, and historical records that allows us to better understand the people and culture of his time.
因此他留下了艺术,建筑,和历史记录的后遗症,使我们能够更好地了解他时代的人民和文化.
Abu Simbel is completed around this time bc: Ramses II dies at age ninety-one 1231 bc: Marries second Hittite princess bc bc 1279 bc: Ramses II becomes pharaoh; construction of Ramesseum starts around this time Glossary ambush (n.)
Abu Simbel大约在这个时候完成 bc:拉美西斯二世死于91岁 1231 bc:马里斯第二赫蒂特公主 bc bc 1279 bc:拉美西斯二世成为法老;拉梅塞姆的建造开始于这个时候的"词汇"伏击(n.
a surprise attack conducted from a hidden position (p.
从隐藏位置发动的出其不意的攻击(p.
11) campaigns (n.)
11) 运动(不详)
planned series of actions designed to reach certain goals (p.
为实现某些目标而计划采取的一系列行动(p.
8) diplomacy (n.)
8)外交 (n.
the skill or practice of negotiating between representatives of different countries (p.
不同国家代表之间的谈判技巧或做法(p.
8) dynasty (n.)
8) dy朝 (n.
a series of rulers from the same family in a country (p.
一个国家同一家族的一系列统治者(p.
4) legacy (n.)
4) 遗产 (n.
something handed down from the past to the present (p.
从过去到现在(p.
14) mortuary (adj.)
14) 殡仪馆 (adj.
of or relating to burial (p.
或与埋葬有关(第3页)
10) pharaohs (n.)
10) 法老 (n.
rulers in ancient Egypt (p.
古埃及的统治者(p.
4) propaganda (n.)
4)宣传 (n.
news, arts, or other media that often use false or exaggerated information to influence people (p.
新闻,艺术,或其他媒体经常使用虚假或夸大的信息来影响人(p.
13) rebellion (n.)
13)叛乱 (n.
a fight against authority or power; an uprising (p.
对抗权威或权力;起义(p.
9) reigned (v.)
9) 统治(五.