American Football
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents The Catch.
内容列表 The Catch.
4 America’s Number One Sport.
4美国"一号运动".
5 Football Around the World.
5"环球足球".
6 Playing the Game.
页:1 玩游戏
8 The Birth of American Football.
8 美国足球之生.
13 Football Legends.
13个足球传奇.
14 Football Fans.
14个足球迷.
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 The Catch The date is January 10, 1982.
16 获奖 日期为1982年1月10日.
The Dallas Cowboys and the San Francisco 49ers are playing in the National Football Conference (NFC) Championship Game, vying for a spot in the Super Bowl, American football’s ultimate game.
达拉斯牛仔队和旧金山49人队在全国足球大会(NFC)冠军赛比赛中出场,争夺超级碗中的一个出场机会,是美国足球的最终比赛.
The 49ers are down 27-21 with fifty-eight seconds left.
49人以58秒落后了27-21
Quarterback Joe Montana sends the ball high in the air toward the back of the end zone.
四分卫乔·蒙大拿将球高空送入后方的后方
Teammate Dwight Clark leaps well above the defenders and grabs it.
德怀特队友 克拉克跳出远超捍卫者,并抓住了它.
Not only do the 49ers win the game, but they go on to win the Super Bowl championship that year, along with three additional championships over the next eight years.
不仅49人赢得了比赛,他们还继续夺得当年的超级碗冠军,同时在接下来的8年中又增加了3个冠军.
Thrilling last-second moments like this are why thousands of people pack stadiums and millions of fans are glued to their televisions during football season.
成千上万的球迷在足球赛季被粘在电视上。
Football is a spectacular game with fierce competitors and devoted fans.
足球是一个壮观的游戏,有激烈的竞争对手和敬业的球迷.
Dwight Clark makes a superhuman catch for the San Francisco 49ers in one of the all-time great moments in American football history.
德怀特·克拉克在美国足球史上最伟大的时刻之一,为旧金山49人创造了超人接球.
America’s Number One Sport American football is the most popular sport in the United States, and it’s been at the top of the list for about thirty years.
美国"一号体育"美国足球是美国最受欢迎的体育项目,并连续30年名列榜首.
Professional and collegiate football are both extremely popular.
职业和联谊会足球都极为受欢迎.
The National Football League (NFL) dominates the world of pro football, with per-game attendance averaging around seventy thousand.
全国足球联盟(NFL)主导了亲足球的世界,平均每场比赛的出场率约为7万.
The NFL ’s playoff season leads up to the Super Bowl, the championship game and one of the biggest sporting events in the world.
NFL的季后赛领先于超级杯,冠军赛和世界最大体育赛事之一.
The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) governs college football, which ranks third in popularity in the United States behind NFL football and Major League Baseball.
全国联谊会(NCAA)管辖大学足球,在NFL足球和主力联赛棒球之后,美国排名第三.
Women play football mainly at semi- professional and amateur levels.
女子主要在半专业和业余级别上踢足球.
The sport’s popularity among young people is declining because the game is widely considered too rough for children under fourteen.
运动在年轻人中的受欢迎程度正在下降,
The Denver Broncos and the St.
丹佛布朗科斯和圣克兰
Louis Rams play to a sold-out crowd at Mile High Stadium.
路易斯·拉姆斯在米高体育场对卖出人群出场.
Football Around the World American football is played in many countries around the world.
环球美式足球在世界许多国家打出.
Although it has not yet achieved the global popularity of some other sports, interest in the game is growing.
虽然它尚未获得其他一些运动的全球受欢迎程度,但对游戏的兴趣正在增长.
The International Federation of American Football (IFAF) has more than seventy member nations, with representation on six continents.
国际美国足球联合会(IFAF)有超过70个成员国,在六大洲都有代表.
Canada has had its own version of football since the late 1800s.
加拿大自1800年代后期起就有了自己的足球版本.
Canadian football is similar to American football, with differences in field size, number of players, and some rules.
加拿大足球与美国足球类似,在球场规模,球员人数,以及一些规则上都有所差异.
Although most people associate football with outdoor fields, the game can also be played indoors.
虽然大多数人将足球与户外田地联系起来,但游戏也可以在室内进行.
An indoor version called arena football was developed in the 1980s.
20世纪80年代开发了室内版本"竞技场足球".
The rules, which accommodate a smaller playing field, result in a faster-paced game.
规则可以容纳更小的比赛场地,导致比赛速度更快.
American Football Field sideline end line goal line The goalpost is 18.
美国足球场边线终点入球线 门柱为18个.
5 feet (5.
5英尺(5个).
6 m) across and 10 feet (3 m) tall in college and pro football.
6米)横跨和10英尺(3米)高的大学和职业足球.
Kicking the ball above the bar and between the uprights is one way to score.
将球踢出杆上方和上方之间是得分的方法之一.
The end zone is 10 yards (9.
终点区为10码(9.
1 m) deep.
1米)深处.
The ball must be carried into, or passed and caught in, this area to score a touchdown.
入球必须携带入球,或被传入并被接入这个区域才能得分达分.
from either end zone.
从两个端区。
closest end zone.
离终点最近
American football gets its nickname— “gridiron”—from the pattern of yard lines and hash marks on the field.
美国足球的外号是 " gridiron " ,取自场外线和场外花草印图案。
A New Mexico running back dives for the end zone in a game against Arizona State in 2014.
2014年亚利桑那州对阵亚利桑那州的比赛中,一出新墨西哥跑回后潜入了终点区.
Playing the Game During a football game, two teams attempt to move the ball toward, and eventually into, their opponent’s end zone to score touchdowns.
在一场足球赛期间,两支球队试图将球朝向并最终进入对手的终点区以得分达阵.
Players move the ball in one of two ways: by running with it or by passing (throwing) the ball to a teammate who is closer to the end zone.
玩家将球以两种方式之一移动:通过随身跑出或将球(掷出)传递给距离终点区的队友.
If the pass is completed—that is, if the teammate catches the ball—that player may then try to advance the ball farther.
如果传球完成(即如果队友接球),该球员可以尝试将球推进到更远处。
However, if the pass is intercepted—caught by an opposing player—that team gains possession of the ball.
然而,如果传球被对方球员截取,那支球队将获得球的拥有权。
Play stops when there is an incomplete pass—if no one catches the ball and it falls to the ground.
球没完没了就停手了 如果球没接住就掉到地上
Each team has an offensive line, or platoon, whose job is to try to score, and a defensive platoon that tries to keep the other team from scoring.
每支球队都有一个进攻分线,或者排,他们的工作是尝试得分,还有一个防御排,试图阻止另一支球队得分.
Earliest American footballs were probably oval rugby balls made of inflated pig bladders stuffed into pig hide casings.
厄尔最美式橄榄球可能是椭圆形橄榄球,由充气的猪膀胱被塞入了猪皮外壳.
The balls were difficult to throw.
球很难投出。
Over time, the bladder was eliminated and the shape streamlined.
随着时间推移,膀胱被去除并简化了形状.
Today’s cowhide footballs are called pigskins by some people.
今天的牛皮足球被一些人称为"猪皮".
Pigskin One platoon from each team is on the field at any given time, depending on which team has control of the ball.
猪皮 每支球队一个排在任何特定时间都出场,这取决于哪支球队控制了球.
Each platoon has eleven players.
每个排有11个球员.
Teams can score in several ways.
球队可以从几个方面得分.
A touchdown is worth six points and is most often scored by the offensive team running or passing the ball into the opponent’s end zone.
触地得分值为6分,且最常被跑出或将入球传入对手端区的攻击队打出.
However, the defense can also score a touchdown—by recovering a fumble (a ball that an opponent loses control of) or by intercepting the ball and getting it to the opposing end zone.
然而,防守也可以通过取回一球(一个被对手失去控制权的球)来得分达阵-或者截取出一球并取入相對的终点区.
After a touchdown, the scoring team can score one extra point by kicking the ball through the goalposts, or two extra points by running or passing the ball to the end zone.
触地得分后,得分球队可以通过将球踢出入球通过入球杆来得到一分外加分,或者通过跑出或将球传入出出入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入入出入出入出入入入入入出入出入出入出入出入出入出入出入入出入入出入出入出入出入出入出入出入出入出入出入出入出入出入出入出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出
A third way to score is a field goal (worth three points), which involves kicking the ball between the goalposts.
第三个得分方式是场球(值三分),这涉及将球踢入入入球点之间.
A final way to score is if a ball carrier is tackled in his or her own end zone, which is called a safety.
最终得分的方法是,如果一个球携带者在自己的端区被处理,这被称为"安全".
In that case, the defensive team is awarded two points.
在这种情况下,防守队获得2分.
American football Team Germany (with the ball) lines up at the line of scrimmage against Team Sweden in a 2014 game in Austria.
美国足球队德国(有球)在2014年奥地利一局对阵德甲球队瑞典的一线队.
The game begins with a kickoff to the offensive team.
比赛开始于对进攻队的开球.
That team moves the ball toward the opponent’s end zone in stages, each of which has a minimum of 10 yards (9.
球队将球分几个阶段向对手的后方区移动,每个区最少有10码(9码).
1 m).
1米长).
The offensive team has four chances—called downs —to either gain those 10 yards or cross the goal line and score.
进攻队有4个机会——称为倒数——要么获得这10码,要么越过入球线和得分.
As long as the offensive team gains at least 10 yards within those four downs, it keeps possession of the ball and earns another first down and the opportunity to gain another 10 yards.
只要进攻队在这四个被击落的球内至少得到10码,它就保持了对球的占有并获得又一被击落的机会并获得再10码的机会.
Each play begins at the line of scrimmage—an imaginary line across the field whose location is based on where the previous play ended plus any penalty yards that have been assessed.
每出戏开始于平分线(scrimage)的一行——一种假想的横跨球场的一行,其位置基于前出戏结束的地点加上任何被评估过的罚球场.
Teams have many specialized plays, or plans of action, for moving the ball down the field.
球队有许多专门的球会,或行动计划来将球传入球场.
If the offensive team fails to advance the ball 10 yards within the four downs, it surrenders possession of the ball.
如果进攻队未能在4个倒地内推进入球10码,则放弃拥有入球.
Football Gear knee pads The defensive team uses two main strategies to stop the offensive team from scoring.
足球 齿膝垫 防守小组采用两种主要策略来阻止进攻小组打分.
Defensive players try to tackle the ball carrier, and they attempt to force fumbles and interceptions to gain possession of the ball.
防守的球员试图对付球载体,他们试图强迫出击和拦截以获得对球的占有.
In order for a player to be tackled, one or both knees must touch the ground, which ends the play.
要对付一个玩家,一个或两个膝盖必须触地而出,这就结束了游戏.
Running out of bounds also ends the play.
越出界限也结束了比赛。
In both professional and college football games, actual playing time lasts for sixty minutes, which is broken into two halves and four quarters.
在职业和大学足球比赛中,实际的出场时间会持续60分钟,被分为两分之一和四分之四.
pass is incomplete.
传球不完整。
Protective pads under players’ uniforms help prevent injuries.
玩家制服下的防护垫有助于防止受伤。
CB S S LB LB LB CB DE DT DT DE WR WR RB RB QB T G G T TE C Defense Offense line of scrimmage Football players have specialized positions.
CB S LB LB LB DT DT DWR RB QB T G T TE Defence Off Football 球员有特殊位置.
The quarterback—the leader of the offensive team— calls the play while the team is in a huddle.
四分卫——进攻队的队长——在球队出事时称出场.
Then, when the team lines up, the center passes the ball backward between his legs to the quarterback.
然后,当球队排成一行时,中心会将他两腿之间的球向后传到四分卫.
This maneuver is called the snap or hiking the ball.
这个动作叫做"快"或"徒步"
The quarterback then either runs with the ball, passes it, or hands it off.
四分卫要么随球而跑,要么传出,要么手取出.
The diagram on this page shows offensive and defensive positions.
本页的图表显示了进攻性和防御性的位置.
A football game also has a referee and six other officials who make sure the rules of the game are followed.
一场足球赛还有一名裁判和其他六名官员确保比赛规则得到遵守.
The Birth of American Football American football began in the late nineteenth century at several North American universities.
美国足球美国足球诞生始于19世纪后期的多所北美大学.
The game was related to two English games: soccer (otherwise known as association football) and rugby (short for rugby football), which is somewhat similar to soccer but played with hands as well as feet.
这场比赛与两场英式比赛有关:足球(别称协会足球)和橄榄球(简称橄榄球),这与足球有些相似,但用手和脚玩.
Two New Jersey universities—Princeton (then called the College of New Jersey) and Rutgers—played a soccer-like game that other northeastern universities also started to play.
两所新泽西大学——Princeton(当时叫作"新泽西学院")和Rutgers(英语:Rutgers)——也参加了东北其他大学也开始参加的足球类比赛.
However, Harvard University preferred a game that was more like rugby, and that style spread to Yale University and beyond.
然而,哈佛大学更喜欢一种更像橄榄球的游戏,这种风格传播到耶鲁大学等地.
Walter Camp, a Yale student from 1876 to 1881, is considered the “Father of American Football.”
沃尔特·坎普(Walter Camp)是一名从1876年到1881年的耶鲁学生,被认为是"美国足球之父". “
He was Yale’s team captain and an important member of the Intercollegiate Football Association.
他是耶鲁的球队队长和联谊会足球协会的重要成员.
Camp advocated rule changes that eventually transformed the game into today’s American football.
坎普主张改变规则,最终将比赛转变为今天的美国足球.
At first, the same players on a team played both offense and defense.
起初,一支队伍中的同一批球员同时出演了进攻和防守.
The two-platoon system began in the 1940s and later became the standard.
双平板系统从1940年代开始,后成为了标准.
Walter Camp is the “Father of American Football.”
沃尔特·坎普是"美国足球之父". “
Football Legends Jerry Rice, the best wide receiver in football history, played for twenty seasons starting in 1985.
足球传奇杰瑞·赖斯(英语:Jerry Rice)是足球史上最好的宽接球手,从1985年开始出场20个赛季.
He won three Super Bowls playing for the San Francisco 49ers and set close to forty NFL records.
他为旧金山49人队打入了3个超级杯并设定了接近40个NFL纪录.
Joe Montana, possibly football’s most gifted quarterback ever, began his NFL career in 1979 with the 49ers.
乔·蒙大拿(Joe Montana),可能是足球史上最有才华的四分卫,于1979年以49名选手开始他的NFL生涯.
When Jerry Rice joined the team in 1985, the pair made the 49ers a dominant force in the NFL for several years.
当杰里·赖斯于1985年加入球队后,一对让49人成为了NFL数年来的主导力量.
Montana led the 49ers to four Super Bowl wins and retired after the 1994 season with numerous playoff records.
蒙大拿带领49人赢得了4个超级碗,并在1994赛季后以众多的出场纪录退役.
Running back Walter Payton of the Chicago Bears played for thirteen seasons beginning in 1975.
1975年开始跑回芝加哥熊队的沃尔特·佩顿出场13个赛季.
Chosen to play in nine Pro Bowl all-star games, Payton helped his team win the 1986 Super Bowl.
在九场Pro Bowl全明星赛中被选中出场,佩顿帮助球队赢得了1986年的超级杯.
At one time, he held NFL records for most career touchdowns, rushing yards, and many other categories.
他一度为大多数职业达阵,快跑码等类别打入了NFL的纪录.
Football Fans There are many ways for students to play football.
橄榄球迷 学生们可以有很多方式去踢足球.
Communities or schools often have youth leagues where students compete in tackle football.
社区或学校往往有青年联赛,学生们在那里竞相对付足球.
There are also other forms of the game, such as touch football and flag football, that aren’t as physically rough as tackle football.
还有其它的比赛形式,如触摸足球和旗下足球等,但实际上并不像对付足球那样粗糙.
Many fans of the sport would rather remain spectators.
许多体育爱好者宁愿继续作为观众.
Football fans have many ways of showing their love of the game.
足球迷有多种方式表现出对比赛的热爱.
Some bundle up and endure below-freezing temperatures to watch their team play.
一些捆绑起来,忍受了低温的气温,看他们的团队比赛.
Others dress in outrageous clothes or paint their faces in their team’s colors.
其他人穿着令人发指的衣服,
Fans may also wear items that match their team’s theme, such as a cowboy hat for the Dallas Cowboys or a yellow beak and feathery red crest for the Arizona Cardinals.
粉丝们也可能佩戴与本队主题相匹配的物品,如达拉斯牛仔队的牛仔帽,或亚利桑那红衣主教队的黄色喙和羽毛红色花冠.
Whether you’re a fan or a player, this beloved American sport offers great fun and plenty of excitement for everyone.
无论你是球迷还是球员,
Football fans show their dedication to their favorite team.
足球迷展现出他们对自己最喜爱的球队的奉献.