Undersea Food Web

美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习

Table of Contents Let Me Introduce Myself.

内容表让我介绍我自己。

4 The Food Web.

4食品网.

7 Life in the Sunlit Zone.

7日立区生活.

9 The Twilight Zone.

9 潮 Zone区.

11 The Midnight Zone.

11"午夜区".

13 Back on Top.

13回顶上.

15 Glossary.

15 词汇。

16 Let Me Introduce Myself The ocean is a huge feast for everything in it and for many land animals, including humans.

16 让我自我介绍 海洋是一个巨大的盛宴 对于它的一切 和许多陆地动物,包括人类。

When you think of the ocean food web, you might think of great white sharks devouring their prey or enormous blue whales eating tons of krill.

当你想到海洋食物网时,你可能会想到大白鲨会吞噬它们的猎物,或者巨大的蓝鲸会吞食一吨磷虾.

But did you know that more than 90 percent of all sea creatures end up being eaten by other sea creatures?

但你知道90%以上的海洋生物 最终被其他海洋生物吃掉吗?

That means that almost every organism in the ocean ends up being eaten by another sea creature at some point.

这意味着海洋中的几乎所有生物最终都会在某个时候被另一个海洋生物吃掉.

There are little organisms that almost always get eaten but do not actually eat anything themselves.

有些小生物几乎总是被吃掉,但实际上并没有自己吃任何东西。

They are the most microscopic species in the ocean, yet they form the center of the ocean’s food web.

它们是海洋中最微小的物种,

Some people might think it’s a raw deal to be food for everybody else.

有些人可能认为,

However, I find it to be quite a powerful job.

然而,我发现这是一个相当强大的工作。

The blue whale is the largest animal on Earth.

蓝鲸是地球上最大的动物.

Let me introduce myself properly.

让我自我介绍一下

Phytoplankton (FY-tow-plank-ton) is my name.

花生浮游生物(学名:FY-tow-plank-ton)为 my科浮游生物属下的一个种.

I’m an algae, which is almost like a very tiny plant.

我是一个藻类, 它几乎就像一个非常小的植物。

But unlike plants, I have no roots.

但与植物不同,我没有根.

I’m free to float around with the ocean currents.

我自由随洋流而来。

I prefer to remain near the surface of the sea in the sunlight.

我宁愿在阳光下留在海面附近

I can be found in every ocean on Earth.

我在地球上的每一个海洋都能找到我

Like plants, I make my own food through a process called photosynthesis.

和植物一样,我通过一个叫做光合作用的过程 制作自己的食物。

I use chlorophyll to capture the Sun’s energy to change nutrients from seawater into food.

我用叶绿素来捕捉太阳的能量,

Chlorophyll makes me green, the same way it makes plants green.

氯phy会让我变得绿色 就像它使植物变得绿色一样

Since phytoplankton is so tiny, you can only see the color when there are billions upon billions of us in one place.

由于浮游植物如此之小, 只有当一个地方有亿万亿人类的时候, 你才能看到颜色。

These microscopic phytoplankton are called diatoms.

这些微缩浮游植物被称作"ato".

Thousands of phytoplankton can be found in one cup of seawater.

几千个浮游植物可以在一杯海水中找到.

Phytoplankton photosynthesis provides the Earth’s atmosphere with more than half of its oxygen.

浮游植物光合作用为地球大气层提供了一半以上的氧气.

We are also a good indicator of the ocean’s health.

我们还是海洋健康的良好指标。

Scientists can see large groups of phytoplankton from space.

科学家可以从太空中看到一大批浮游植物.

They can get information about the levels of pollution in the water when they see us struggling or dying off.

当他们看到我们挣扎或死亡时,他们可以得到水中污染程度的信息。

Our most important job, though, is being at the center of the food web for the entire ocean.

然而,我们最重要的工作是处于整个海洋的食物网的中心。

We feed all ocean life forms, from the smallest creature to the largest.

我们养活所有海洋生物 从最小的生物到最大的生物

A phytoplankton and zooplankton bloom shows up as light streaks in this photo taken from space.

浮游植物和浮游动物的开花 在这张从太空取出的照片中 呈现出光线

The Food Web Here’s how it works.

粮食网 这是如何运作的。

Think about a simple tuna fish sandwich.

想想简单的金枪鱼三明治

Tuna are large fish, and they eat smaller fish called mackerel.

金枪鱼是大型鱼类,它们食用更小的叫" ma"的鱼类.

To make 1 kilogram (2.

制作一公斤(2.

2 lbs) of tuna flesh, the tuna had to eat about 10 kilograms (22 lbs) of mackerel.

2磅)的金枪鱼肉,金枪鱼只得吃约10公斤(22磅)的cker鱼.

Those 10 kilograms of mackerel had to eat 100 kilograms (220 lbs) of an even smaller fish called herring.

这10公斤的 ma鱼只好吃100公斤(220磅)更小的鱼叫" her".

And those 100 kilograms of herring devoured a full 1,000 kilograms (2,200 lbs) of zooplankton.

这100公斤的 her鱼 吞噬了1000公斤(2200磅)的浮游动物

Zooplankton are microscopic animals.

浮游动物是微型动物

They include tiny animals such as krill, which look like little shrimp, and the larvae and babies of crabs, jellyfish, shrimp, and other fish.

它们包括小虾等细小的动物,外形像小虾;还有螃蟹,水母,虾等鱼类的幼虫和婴儿.

To support those 1,000 kilograms of zooplankton, 10,000 kilograms (22,000 lbs) of phytoplankton were eaten.

为了支持这1 000公斤浮游动物,食用了10 000公斤(22 000磅)浮游植物。

Tuna eat mackerel, which eat herring.

金枪鱼吃 ma鱼,它们吃ring.

Herring eat zooplankton, which eat phytoplankton.

Herring吃浮游动物,它吃浮游植物。

To give you an idea of just how much life I support, I’ll take you through the ocean.

我将带你穿过海洋。

We’ll explore the surface, where I live, down to the ocean floor.

我们将探索地表,

Disphotic Zone Aphotic Zone 2,000 m Ocean Trench Abyssal Zone Euphotic Zone 1,000 m 5,000 m 200 m 3,000 m 4,000 m 0 m This cross section shows the different zones of the ocean.

防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 2 000米 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防疫区 防区 防疫区 防 防区 防疫区 防疫区 页:1 0米处 这个交叉部分显示了海洋的不同区域.

Life in the Sunlit Zone The euphotic (yoo-FOE-tic) zone, or sunlit zone, is the top level of the ocean.

太阳区的生活 极地(yoo-FOE-tic)区,即日光区,是海洋上层.

It extends about 200 meters (660 ft) down from the surface.

它从地表向下延伸了约200米(660英尺).

There’s lots of sunlight here.

这里有很多阳光。

This zone is where most of the animal species in the ocean are found.

这个区是海洋中大多数动物物种被找到的地方.

Almost all the seafood eaten by humans comes from the euphotic zone.

人类所食取的海鲜几乎全部出自 e地.

Clams, mussels, and oysters live on shallow ocean floors.

克拉姆,贻贝和牡蛎生活在浅海底.

Lobsters and crabs scuttle about in coral reefs and among seaweed beds.

龙虾和螃蟹在珊瑚礁和海藻床中游荡。

Most species of fish, including salmon, tuna, mackerel, cod, and swordfish, stay up in the sunlight where there is plenty to eat and good light for hunting.

大多数鱼类种类,包括鲑鱼、金枪鱼、竹鱼、鳕鱼和剑鱼,都留在阳光下,在那里有充足的食物和良好的光线可供狩猎。

The euphotic zone is also home to coral reefs, which hold most of the ocean’s plant and animal species.

黄道区也是珊瑚礁的发源地,珊瑚礁蕴藏着海洋的大部分动植物物种.

These fragile and beautiful areas are formed by the skeletons of small animals called coral polyps.

这些脆弱而美丽的地区由被称作"珊瑚多肽"的小动物的骨架所形成.

Sea fans, brain coral, angelfish, sharks, shellfish, and crabs all make the coral reef a colorful and busy place.

海扇,脑珊瑚,天使鱼,鲨鱼,贝类和螃蟹都使珊瑚礁成为一个多彩而繁忙的地方.

Anemones—animals that look like beautiful flowering plants—catch zooplankton with their stinging tentacles.

捕捉浮游动物 有刺痛的触角。

Jellyfish swarm in massive numbers, attracting the sea turtles that love to eat them.

果鱼大量涌出,吸引了喜欢吃它们的海龟.

Coral reefs also provide shelter for young creatures that will live in the open ocean as adults.

珊瑚礁还为成年后会生活在公海的年轻生物提供住所。

The beauty of the coral reefs attracts humans to the euphotic zone.

珊瑚礁的美丽将人类吸引到极乐区.

They take thousands of tons of fish, both for food and for pets in tropical aquariums.

它们需要上千吨的鱼,既用于食物,也用于热带水族馆的宠物.

This human activity, along with pollution, threatens the well-being of coral reefs.

这种人类活动以及污染威胁着珊瑚礁的福祉。

Coral polyps are killed by pollution.

珊瑚多肽被污染所杀.

Boat motors break them, and divers crush them.

船马达击碎了它们 潜水员压碎了它们

Once the corals die, all the other reef life suffers, too.

珊瑚一死 其它所有珊瑚礁的生命也会受苦

One nondestructive way to see ocean life in the euphotic zone is to visit a tide pool.

一个无损的方法是去潮水池探险,以观察淮阴地区的海洋生物.

A tide pool is a small pool of water that remains on land when the tide goes out.

潮池是潮出水出后陆地上还存有的小水池.

Here you can find mussels, sea stars, urchins, clams, barnacles, and snails.

这里可以找到贻贝,海星,胆,蛤,谷仓,和蜗牛.

You may spot a hermit crab scurrying about in another animal’s shell.

在另一只动物的外壳里,

All of this sea life depends, directly or indirectly, on phytoplankton.

所有这些海洋生物直接或间接地依赖于浮游植物.

Colorful coral reefs are the sunlit zone’s most popular areas.

有色珊瑚礁是阳光区最受欢迎的地区。

The Twilight Zone As you go below the euphotic zone, the water begins to get darker, colder, and heavier.

暮光区 水开始变暗 变冷 变重

You are now entering the twilight zone, also called the disphotic (dis-FOE-tic) zone.

你们现在进入了黄昏区, 也叫Dis-FOE-tic.

It begins at about 200 meters (656 ft) and goes to a depth of about 1,000 meters (3,280 ft).

它起于约200米(656英尺)处并通向约1000米(3,280英尺)的深度.

The pressure in this zone would crush a person, but the life forms that live here have adapted to this environment.

这个区域的压力会压倒一个人,但是生活在这里的生命形式适应了这种环境.

The twilight zone doesn’t have enough light to support photosynthesis and plant life, but some animals do make their homes here.

暮光区没有足够的光线支持光合作用和植物生活,

Others, such as whales, visit from the euphotic zone.

其他的,如鲸鱼,从 e地出访.

Permanent residents include strange-looking hatchet fish and viperfish.

常住居民包括外观奇特的大斧鱼和蛇鱼.

The fish that live here often have huge mouths with big, curved teeth.

住于此地的鱼口常有大而弯曲的牙齿.

Because it is too dark to see well, the fish don’t actively hunt.

鱼不会积极捕猎。

They simply hold open their frightening mouths, waiting for something to swim in.

他们只管张开恐怖的嘴 等着游泳

Many of them are black or dark red to blend in with the dark water.

其中许多是黑色或深红色来与暗水相混合.

If you visit a tide pool, you may get a glimpse of a spiny sea urchin.

如果你去潮池,你可能会看到一股海胆。

Octopuses and squid, including the famous giant squid, live here as well.

八头乌贼和鱿鱼,包括出名的巨型乌贼,也住在这里.

Until fairly recently, no giant squid had ever been seen alive.

直到最近,还没有一只巨型乌贼活着。

Few people have seen it at the surface, and a handful of scientists have seen it in the disphotic zone.

很少有人在地表看到,少数科学家在反光区看到.

Still, little is known about the giant squid.

然而,对巨型鱿鱼所知甚少.

Many animals in this zone depend on a diet of what scientists call “marine snow.”

这个区域的许多动物都依赖科学家称之为“海洋积雪”的饮食。 “

This is a nice name for dead phytoplankton and zooplankton!

死浮游植物和浮游动物的名字不错!

When we die, our bodies drift slowly down through the ocean layers to the bottom of the ocean like snow falling through the air.

当我们死去时,我们的身体慢慢地从海洋地层向海底漂去,就像雪从空气中倒下.

So even where we don’t live, phytoplankton are eaten.

所以即使我们不住的地方 浮游植物也会被吃掉

Octopuses live in both the euphotic and disphotic zones.

八头蛇同时生活在阴道和阴道两地.

The Midnight Zone This totally dark region of the ocean contains 90 percent of the ocean’s water, but little life.

午夜区 这个完全黑暗的海洋区域 包含了90%的海水 但生命却很少

The midnight zone, or aphotic (ay-FOE-tic) zone, extends from 1,000 to 5,000 meters (3,280–16,404 ft) and below.

午夜区,或作相声(ay-FOE-tic)区,从1000米到5000米(3,280–16,404英尺)及以下.

The pressure is so great here that it can crush almost anything, including most submarines.

这里的压力很大,几乎可以压倒任何东西,包括大多数潜艇.

The water is very dark and cold.

取出水来很黑很冷

But if you look closely, there is some life in the midnight zone.

但是如果你仔细观察, 有一些生活 在午夜区。

Many of the tiny animals that live here, such as the lantern fish, have glowing bodies.

许多住在这里的细小动物,如灯笼鱼,有发光的身体.

The light comes from a special process called bioluminescence.

光来自一种叫"活光"的特殊过程.

This is the same process that makes light in fireflies.

同样的过程在萤火虫中使光亮.

Jellyfish, squid, fish, and even bacteria are bioluminescent in this zone.

果冻鱼,鱿鱼,鱼,甚至细菌,都是这个区域生物发光.

Since there is no sunlight, this light makes it possible for animals to see and communicate with each other.

由于没有阳光,这种光能使动物能够相见并交流.

The light also helps them find mates and food.

光也帮助他们找到伴侣和食物.

Tiny bioluminescent animals glow beautifully in the pitch-black depths.

细小的生物发光动物在发光深处发光美丽.

Some oceanographers divide the midnight zone into two more zones: the abyssal zone and ocean trenches.

一些海洋学家将午夜区再划分为两个区:深海区和海沟.

The abyssal zone is totally dark.

深渊区域完全黑暗

It covers much of the ocean floor, including vast plains, mountains, valleys, and canyons.

它覆盖了大部分洋底,包括广阔的平原,山脉,山谷和峡谷.

Ocean trenches are found along faults where large plates of the Earth’s crust come together.

海洋战壕分布在地壳大板块相接的断层上。

The colliding plates create canyons and cracks of up to 10,000 meters (32,808 ft) deep.

相撞板会形成一万多米(32,808英尺)深的峡谷和裂缝.

You would think that nothing could survive in the darkness, cold, and extreme pressure at the bottom of a trench.

你会认为,在黑暗、寒冷和极端的压力下, 任何事物都无法活在战壕的底部。

Openings at the bottom of the trenches spew hot water and minerals from deep within the Earth.

壕沟底部的开口喷出热水 从地底深处喷出矿物

Animals living in this zone rely on the warmth and nutrients.

生活在这个地区的动物依靠温暖和营养.

Special kinds of bacteria can use these nutrients in the same way that phytoplankton use sunlight.

特殊种类的细菌可以像浮游植物使用阳光一样使用这些营养物质.

Tube worms, shrimp, and giant clams can all be found feeding on these bacteria around the openings, or chimneys.

在开口周围的这些细菌上,或烟囱上,都可以找到管状蠕虫,虾和巨型蛤.

These chimneys were only recently discovered.

这些烟囱是最近才发现的.

Only a few submarines have been built strong enough to withstand the enormous pressure at the bottom of a trench.

只有几艘潜艇的建造足够坚固,足以承受战壕下方的巨大压力.

Back on Top So you see, even though phytoplankton are only at the top of the ocean, we’re at the center of the food web, supporting all other life in the sea.

回到顶部 所以,你可以看到,尽管浮游植物仅位于海洋的顶端, 但我们处于食物网的中心, 支撑着海洋中的其他生命。

Whether you enjoy the ocean for the beauty of coral reefs, the mystery of the abyssal zone, or some tasty fish and chips, you have us phytoplankton to thank.

无论你为珊瑚礁的美丽而享受海洋 深渊之谜 还是一些美味的鱼和薯片 你让我们植物浮游生物感谢

Glossary abyssal zone (n.)

术语:深海区(n.)

the part of the aphotic zone that includes the deep ocean floor (p.

包括深海地层的光圈部分(p.

14) anemones (n.)

14) 动漫 (n.

plantlike, marine animals whose tentacles often look like flower petals (p.

花花瓣(p.

9) aphotic zone (n.)

9)相声区 (n.

the bottom ocean zone, which receives no sunlight (p.

底洋区,无阳光(p.

13) bioluminescence (n.)

13) 生物发光(n.

(n.)

(无)

(n.)

(无)

(n.)

(无)

(n.)

(无)