The Internet
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 What Is the Internet?
4个 什么是互联网?
5 How Is Information Sent?
5信息如何发送?
6 How Does the Internet Work?
6 互联网如何运作?
10 How Did the Internet Begin?
10 互联网是如何开始的?
15 How Is the Internet Used?
15 因特网如何使用?
17 Conclusion.
17 结论。
20 Glossary.
20 词汇表。
22 Index.
22 指数。
24 Introduction Can you imagine life without the Internet?
导言 你能想象没有互联网的生活吗?
Well, it might be hard to believe, but just a few decades ago the Internet did not exist.
可能很难相信 但就在几十年前 互联网并不存在
The Internet has changed our lives and continues to do so, perhaps more than any other invention since the computer.
互联网改变了我们的生活并继续改变我们的生活,也许比计算机以来任何其他发明都多。
The Internet has changed the way we communicate, gather information, shop, pay bills, and learn.
互联网改变了我们沟通、收集信息、购物、支付账单和学习的方式。
What Is the Internet?
什么是互联网?
Simply put, the Internet is awesome.
简言之,互联网是真棒。
It is a network that connects billions of computers and other devices around the world.
这是一个连接世界各地数十亿台计算机和其他设备的网络。
Any computer connected to the Internet can exchange packets of information with any other computer connected to the Internet.
任何连接到互联网的计算机都可以与连接到互联网的其他计算机交换信息包.
These connections allow information to pass from computer to computer at very high speeds.
这些连接使得信息能够以非常快的速度从计算机传递到计算机.
Information packets sent from one computer can reach another computer on the other side of the world in just a few seconds.
从一台计算机发送的信息包可以在几秒钟内到达世界另一端的另一台计算机.
A series of ones and zeros make up the information packets that computers send and receive.
一系列的一和零组成了计算机发送和接收的信息包.
How Is Information Sent?
信息发送情况如何?
Information packets sent over the Internet include words, pictures, sound, and video.
通过因特网发送的信息包包括文字、图片、声音和视频。
All of this information flows through wire or fiber-optic cable.
所有这些信息都通过有线或有线光缆传递。
Wire cable is made from copper or other metals, while fiber-optic cable is made from bundles of very thin strands of glass or plastic.
电缆由铜或其他金属制成,而光纤电缆由非常薄的玻璃或塑料捆绑而成。
Internet information can also be sent wirelessly on radio waves.
互联网信息也可以通过无线电波无线发送.
This is known as WiFi.
这被称为WiFi.
A receiver within a WiFi network collects the information packets from radio waves.
WiFi网络内的接收器从无线电波收集信息包。
The receiver takes that collected information and sends it through the wire or fiber-optic cable that connects the receiver to the Internet.
接收器接收收集的信息,并通过连接接收器与互联网的线或光纤电缆发送.
Fiber-optic cables are made to quickly carry huge amounts of information.
纤维-光缆是用来快速携带大量信息的.
It takes two copper wires to carry one phone call.
携带一通电话需要两条铜丝.
It takes two strands of fiber-optic cable to carry twenty-four thousand phone calls.
需要两条光纤电缆 才能接2万4千个电话
The amount of information moving over the Internet at any given time depends on what is called bandwidth.
在任何特定时间通过互联网移动的信息量取决于什么叫做带宽.
The bandwidth of a cable allows information to move like cars on a highway.
电缆的带宽允许信息像高速公路上的汽车一样移动.
The more lanes a highway has, the more cars can travel on it.
高速公路的车道越多,越多的汽车可以乘坐.
Greater bandwidth means that more information can travel through a cable.
更大的带宽意味着更多的信息可以通过有线电视传送.
However, as with heavy traffic on a highway, when the amount of information traveling through a cable increases, the speed at which it travels decreases.
然而,与高速公路上交通繁忙的情况一样,当通过有线电视旅行的信息量增加时,其旅行速度会下降.
Fiber-optic cable has greater bandwidth than wire cable and, therefore, can carry thousands of times more information than wire cables.
纤维-光缆的带宽大于有线电缆,因此可以携带比有线电缆多上千倍的信息.
WiFi usually has less bandwidth than wire cables but allows a user to move around freely while staying connected.
WiFi的带宽通常比有线电缆少,但允许用户在保持连接的同时自由行走.
As we become more dependent on the Internet for information, bandwidth becomes more important.
随着我们越来越依赖互联网获取信息,带宽变得更加重要.
Sound, pictures, and video all require more bandwidth than text.
声音、图片和视频都需要比文本更多的带宽。
Therefore, information containing multimedia content needs greater bandwidth to flow through the Internet quickly.
因此,包含多媒体内容的信息需要更大的带宽才能从互联网上迅速流动.
Bandwidth is a measure of the number of units of information prepared and sent by computers that can pass through the Internet per second.
Bandwidth是衡量每秒可以通过互联网的计算机所编制和发送的信息单位数量.
The smallest unit of information is called a bit.
最小的信息单位叫做"一点".
When eight bits are combined, they become a byte.
当8个比特被合并后,它们就变成了一个比特.
A single letter of text, such as the letter A, is one byte.
字母A等单字母文字为一字节.
Compare a typical typed sheet of paper, which has 2,000 bytes, with a short novel, which has one million bytes!
比较典型的打出有2000字节的平面纸与有一百万字节的短篇小说!
Megabytes (1,000 kilobytes) and gigabytes (1,000 megabytes) are common measurements of computer storage capacity.
兆字节(1,000千字节)和千兆字节(1,000兆字节)是计算机存储能力的常见测量.
Math Minute If a kilobyte is 1,000 bytes, how many bytes are in a 1-megabyte photograph?
数学分钟 如果一千字节为1000字节,那么一兆字节照片中有多少字节?
Comparative File Sizes 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 Size in Kilobytes (K) Text 50k Photo 500k Music 2,500k Video 8,500k Answer: 1,000,000 bytes How Does the Internet Work?
对比文件大小 0 1 000 2 000 3 000 4 000 5 000 6 000 7 000 9 000 个大小(K) Text 50k Photo 500k Music 2 500k Video 8 500k Answers: 1 000 000 字节因特网如何运作?
The backbone of the Internet is a permanently connected network of powerful computers to which other computers can connect.
互联网的骨干是一个由强大的计算机组成的永久连接的网络,其他计算机可以与之连接.
Individual computers connect to the Internet through a device called a modem, which decodes and codes digital information as it passes to and from your computer.
个人计算机通过一个叫做调制解调器的设备连接到互联网,调制解码器将数字信息传送到或从你的计算机中解码并编码.
You can access the Internet by using a modem and logging in using a username and password.
您可以在使用用户名和密码时使用调制解调器和日志访问互联网。
Internet access is usually purchased from an Internet Service Provider (ISP) for a monthly fee.
互联网接入通常从互联网服务提供商(ISP)购买,每月收费.
In many rural areas, broadband users pay higher fees for high-speed Internet access using DSL or cable modems.
在许多农村地区,宽带用户使用DSL或有线调制解调器高速上网付费较高.
Satellite Internet service can allow people to connect from remote locations all around the world.
卫星互联网服务可以让人们从世界各地的偏远地区连接起来。
Once you have access, you can send information to, and receive information from, anyone else who is hooked up to the Internet.
一旦可以访问,你就可以将信息发送给,并接收来自其他与互联网连接的人的信息.
Let’s say a friend tells you about a website where you can get information about giraffes.
一个朋友告诉你一个网站,
You type in the website URL she gave you, including the file name, press “enter” (or “return”) on your keyboard or click the “go” button of your browser, and within seconds an article on giraffes appears on your screen.
您在网站上输入她给你的URL, 包括文件名、 在键盘上按“ 进入”( 或“ 返回”) 或点击浏览器的“ 进入” 按钮, 并在数秒内在屏幕上出现关于长颈鹿的文章 。
The Internet allows people to share information, including pictures.
互联网允许人们共享信息,包括图片.
Here is a simple explanation of what happened.
下面简单解释一下发生了什么。
First, a browser—special Internet software for finding and looking at webpages—connected your computer to a server somewhere on the Internet.
首先,一个浏览器——用于查找和查看网页的特别互联网软件——将你的计算机连接到互联网上的某个服务器上。
Next, the browser requested the website information.
接下来,浏览器请求网站信息.
Then, the server retrieved the requested information and sent it back to your computer.
然后,服务器检索了请求的信息,并将其发回您的计算机.
Once the browser found the page you wanted, it made it possible for you to view the page on your computer, tablet, or phone.
一旦浏览器找到你想要的页面,你就可以在电脑、平板电脑或手机上查看页面。
Let’s take a closer look.
让我们仔细看看。
All the computers that make up the Internet can be put into two groups: servers and clients.
所有构成互联网的计算机可以被放入两组:服务器和客户端.
Servers are computers that provide a service, which is to give access to information.
服务器是提供某种服务的计算机,即提供获取信息的途径.
There are different kinds of servers.
服务器种类各异.
For example, to send or receive email, you will connect to an email server.
例如,要发送或接收电子邮件,您会连接到电子邮件服务器 。
To request information from a website, you will connect to a server.
要从网站请求信息, 您会连接到服务器 。
The other computers on the Internet are computers like yours, called clients.
互联网上的其他电脑都是你的电脑,叫做客户.
Client computers don’t provide a service, but they do send and receive information.
用户电脑不提供服务,
An information technology expert makes sure servers stay connected to the Internet.
一名信息技术专家确保服务器与互联网保持连接。
Every computer connected to the Internet, whether a server or a client, has an IP address (IP stands for Internet Protocol).
每个连接到互联网的计算机,无论是服务器还是客户端,都有IP地址(IP代表互联网协议).
Each IP address is a unique series of numbers.
每个IP地址都是一组独特的数字.
The numbers are arranged in four sets with each set separated by a dot.
数字按四组排列,每组以点相隔.
But since most people have a hard time remembering a series of numbers, computers are given domain names.
但由于大多数人很难记住一系列数字,计算机被赋予了域名.
For example, Kids A–Z is a website where students can read books their teacher has assigned.
例如,Kids A-Z是一个学生可以阅读其老师指派的书籍的网站。
The domain name for the Kids A–Z computer is www.
Kids A-Z计算机的域名为www.
kidsa-z.
孩子们
com.
电话
How Did the Internet Begin?
互联网是怎么开始的?
Most people think the Internet began in the 1960s.
大多数人认为互联网始于1960年代.
The United States Department of Defense wanted to establish a dependable network of communication in case of a disaster or war.
美国国防部希望在发生灾害或战争时建立一个可靠的通信网络。
The network that was created, called ARPAnet (Advanced Research Project Agency network), linked four computers to each other.
所创建的网络称为ARPAnet(高级研究项目机构网络),将四台计算机相接.
By the 1980s, more than twenty thousand computers were linked together.
到20世纪80年代,两万多台计算机联通.
Soon, universities began building their own networks of computers so they could share information more easily.
不久,大学开始建立自己的计算机网络,以便更方便地分享信息.
One of the largest networks for universities, called NSFnet (National Science Foundation network), came to be called the Internet.
大学规模最大的网络之一,被称作NSFnet(国家科学基金会网络),后来被称为"互联网".
In the 1990s, a physicist named Tim Berners-Lee changed the Internet forever.
20世纪90年代,一位叫蒂姆·伯纳斯-李的物理学家永远地改变了互联网.
Before Berners-Lee, a network would “talk” to its many computers but could not share information with other networks.
在Berners-Lee之前,一个网络会“谈论”其许多计算机,但不能与其他网络分享信息。
Each network spoke its own language and could not understand other networks, like people from different countries who spoke different languages.
每个网络都讲自己的语言,无法理解其他网络,就像来自不同国家的讲不同语言的人一样.
Berners-Lee solved this problem by writing a common language that let computers in various networks “talk” to each other.
Berners-Lee通过写出一种共同语言来解决了这个问题,这种语言让各种网络中的计算机互相“交谈”。
Tim Berners-Lee created the first web browser and the rules that allow different devices to communicate with each other over the Internet.
Tim Berners-Lee创建了第一个网页浏览器和允许不同设备通过互联网相互通信的规则.
How Is the Internet Used?
互联网如何使用?
People use smartphones, tablets, and computers to send emails and text messages instantly to one another.
人们使用智能手机,平板电脑,即时向对方发送电子邮件和短信.
They can also add attachments, such as photos, to their messages.
他们还可以在他们的信息中添加相片等附件.
If someone wants to respond to a message, he or she only has to click the “reply” button and then type out a message.
如果有人想要对消息作出答复,他或她只需点击“repy”按钮然后输入消息。
People can also make video calls in which they can see each other while they talk.
人们也可以通过视频通话,在交谈时可以看到对方.
Answers to nearly any question can be found by searching the Internet.
几乎任何问题的答案都可以通过搜索互联网找到。
But with so much information available, how can you possibly find what you want?
但是有了这么多的信息,你怎么能找到你想要的呢?
The answer is to use a search engine—a tool that allows you to find the information you’re looking for on the Internet.
答案是使用搜索引擎,
A search engine searches the contents of millions of webpages at the same time.
搜索引擎同时搜索了上百万个网页的内容.
All you have to do is go to a search engine website and type in one or more search terms, or keywords.
你只需要去一个搜索引擎网站 并输入一个或多个搜索词,或关键词。