of Halloween
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents A Fun and Scary Holiday.
内容列表 A 乐趣和可怕的假日.
4 The Celts: Samhain.
4 凯尔特人:Samhain.
6 The Beginnings of Halloween.
6 万圣节开始。
7 Costumes and Trick-or-Treating.
7 服装和花花公子。
8 Jack-o’-Lanterns.
8个杰克-欧-兰特人。
9 Traditions of the Past.
9 过去的传统。
11 Halloween Today.
今天11个万圣节
12 Celebrating in a Crowd.
12 在人群中庆祝。
14 A Mix of Old and New.
14 《新旧杂记》。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 A Fun and Scary Holiday Halloween is a colorful—and delicious— holiday celebrated mostly in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Ireland, where it first began.
16 欢乐与恐怖的假日万圣节是一个多彩而美味的节日,
On October 31, people dress up in all kinds of costumes, creepy music oozes from Halloween parties and haunted houses, and trick- or-treaters pour into the streets, looking for candy.
10月31日,人们打扮出各种服装,从万圣节派对和鬼屋放出令人毛骨悚然的音乐花花样,而花花公子倒入街头,寻找糖果.
Monsters, ghosts, superheroes, and princesses of all ages celebrate together.
怪物,鬼魂,超级英雄, 和所有年龄的公主一起庆祝。
Three girls show off their Halloween costumes in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1929.
1929年有三名女孩在俄亥俄州辛辛那提出演了他们的万圣节服装.
Today, Halloween is most popular in the United States, where the holiday plays an enormous role in both culture and business.
今天,万圣节在美国最受欢迎,节日在美国的文化和商业中都发挥着巨大作用.
Halloween is featured in Hollywood movies and popular songs.
万圣节在好莱坞电影和受欢迎的歌曲中被收录.
Halloween means big business for American stores since millions of people buy Halloween candy, costumes, and merchandise every year.
万圣节意味着美国商店的大生意,因为每年有数百万人购买万圣节糖果,服装和商品.
The Halloween holiday celebrated today is part of an ancient tradition.
今天所庆祝的万圣节是古老传统的一部分。
It began with the Celtic (KEL-tik) peoples who lived in Great Britain, Ireland, and northern France about two thousand years ago.
它起源于约两千年前生活在大不列颠,爱尔兰和法国北部的凯尔特人(KEL-tik).
A boy shops for his Captain America costume at a costume store store in Montebello, California.
一个男孩在加州蒙特贝洛的一家服装店 买他的美国队长服装
The Celts: Samhain The Celts celebrated a harvest festival called Samhain (SOW-in) each fall.
凯尔特人:Samhain 凯尔特人每年秋季都庆祝一个叫"Samhain"(SOW-in)的收成节.
Samhain had some things in common with our New Year’s celebrations as well as the modern Halloween.
Samhain与新年庆祝活动以及现代万圣节有些共同点。
According to the Celtic calendar, October 31 was the final day of the year.
根据凯尔特人的历法,10月31日是当年的最后一天.
The Samhain celebration on October 31 was a way to say farewell to the old year, close the harvest season, and get ready for winter.
10月31日的桑海恩庆典是告别老去,收割季节收割结束,准备过冬的一种方式.
The Celtic Samhain festival also had a supernatural side.
凯尔特人桑哈因节也有超自然的一面.
According to Celtic tradition, on the eve of Samhain, the doorways between the world of the living and the world of the dead were open.
根据凯尔特人的传统,在桑哈因的前夕,活人世界和活人世界之间的门道是敞开的.
As a result, the spirits of people who had died during the previous year could cross over to the underworld.
因此,上一年中逝去的人所生出的精神可能会被跨入冥界.
The Celts believed the dead could appear and communicate with the living during this period.
凯尔特人相信死者可以出现,并在此期间与活人沟通.
To help the dead on their journey, Celts lit bonfires and sacrificed crops and animals.
为了帮助行走中的死者,凯尔特人点燃了篝火并牺牲了农作物和动物.
It was also believed that priests could see the future during this festival.
也有人认为,神父可以在这个节日期间看到未来.
The predictions made at Samhain were an important part of planning for the new year.
在Samhain所作的预测是新年规划的重要组成部分。
Modern-day druids perform a blessing at Stonehenge in southern England.
现代德鲁伊兹在英格兰南部的巨石阵上表演了"祝福".
The Beginnings of Halloween Later, as Christianity spread throughout Europe, the Catholic Church tried to replace the old Samhain festival with its own traditions.
后来的万圣节开始,随着基督教在欧洲各地的传播,天主教会试图用自己的传统来取而代之地取而代之的是原来的"桑哈因节".
For example, the Church declared an All Saints’ Day on November 1; this celebration was also known as All Hallows Day.
例如,教会宣布了11月1日为 " 全圣日 " ;这一庆祝活动也被称为 " 全圣日 " 。
October 31, the day before All Hallows, came to be called All Hallows Eve, which was later shortened to Halloween.
10月31日,即"万圣节"的前一天,来取名"万圣节之夜"(All Hallows Eve),后被缩短为万圣节.
Hundreds of years later, many of the older Celtic traditions remained in this new holiday—especially the belief in supernatural activity on the night of October 31.
数百年后,许多更古老的凯尔特人传统仍然留在了这个新的节日中——特别是10月31日晚对超自然活动的信仰.
The Halloween traditions we know today are influenced by the Celts, the Catholic Church, and legends from medieval Europe.
我们今天所知的万圣节传统受到凯尔特人,天主教会和中世纪欧洲传奇的影响.
Catholic churchgoers make a procession through a town in Poland to celebrate All Saints’ Day.
天主教教会信徒通过波兰的一个城镇游行庆祝所有圣徒节。
Costumes and Trick-or-Treating The tradition of dressing up in costumes has changed many times over the centuries.
服装和花花公子 穿着服装的传统在几个世纪中发生了多次变化.
Halloween costumes probably began with the Celts, who dressed up like animals at the Samhain bonfires.
万圣节服装很可能从凯尔特人开始,他们在桑哈因篝火时打扮得像动物.
In medieval England, the costumes took a new twist as people began to dress like supernatural beings in the hope of frightening them away.
在中世纪的英国,服装随着人们开始穿得像超自然生物一样,希望能把他们吓走而有了新的曲折.
Many people paraded through towns wearing fairy, witch, and ghost costumes.
许多人穿戴仙女,女巫和鬼装穿行于城镇.
This practice was called mumming, and people often gave mummers food and drink.
这种做法被叫作"mumming",人们经常给木乃伊吃喝.
This custom echoed the Celtic practice of making sacrifices at Samhain; it was believed that such offerings helped satisfy the spirits so they would go away without making trouble.
这一习俗与凯尔特人在桑哈因出祭的做法相呼应;人们认为,这种献祭有助于满足魂魄,这样它们就不用惹事而走.
Today this tradition is known as trick-or-treating.
今天这个传统被称为"诡计"或"治疗".
Adults give candy to children, who, if they get a treat, will hopefully move along without performing any malicious tricks.
成人会给孩子糖果,如果他们得到优待,希望他们不会做任何恶意的花招。
A modern druid wears a stag costume during a Samhain celebration in England.
现代德鲁伊德在英国的一次桑哈因庆典中会穿戴一身鹿相服.
Jack-o’-Lanterns Many people create jack-o’-lanterns each year at Halloween.
Jack-o-Lanters 语录 每年万圣节,
Jack-o’-lanterns are made by carving faces or designs into a pumpkin, then placing a candle or other light inside the pumpkin to light up the carving.
在南瓜内部放起蜡烛或其他光来点燃雕刻。
Jack-o’-lanterns are a newer Halloween tradition, one of the few that did not originate with the Celtic Samhain.
Jake-o-lanters是一个较新的万圣节传统,
Jack-o’- lanterns come from an Irish legend about a man named Stingy Jack.
杰克-o-灯笼出自一个爱尔兰传说中一个叫斯丁·杰克的人.
Stingy Jack wasn’t just stingy—he was cruel, too, and liked to play mischievous tricks on his friends.
他也很残忍,
When Jack died, his spirit was forced to roam in the darkness as punishment for his unpleasant personality.
杰克死后,他的灵魂被迫在黑暗中漫游,作为对他的不愉快个性的惩罚.
To light his way, he carved a hollow in a turnip and placed a candle inside.
为了点亮他的方式,他把一个空心地刻入了花圈并放入了蜡烛.
Because of this, the Irish referred to him as “Jack-of-the-lantern” and, later, “Jack-o’-lantern.”
因此,爱尔兰人称他为 " 杰克-欧-兰特人 " ,后来称他为 " 杰克-欧-兰特人 " 。 “
The legend of Stingy Jack started one big Halloween tradition.
史丁基·杰克的传奇 开创了万圣节的传统
People in Ireland and England used to put candles and coals into turnips, beets, and potatoes, carving scary faces into them to imitate Stingy Jack’s terrifying face (or to frighten him away).
在爱尔兰和英国,人们常把蜡烛和煤放入倒叶、甜菜和马铃薯中,将恐怖的面孔刻入其中来模仿斯丁·杰克的恐怖相貌(或吓走他).
Irish people moved to North America in huge numbers in the 1800s and brought the jack-o’- lantern tradition with them.
1800年代,爱尔兰人大量移居北美,并带来了JJ-o-灯笼传统。
The tradition of using pumpkins in jack-o’- lanterns, however, began in the United States.
但在美国,
An American newspaper story and a poem, published separately in 1846, both mentioned people carving faces into pumpkins and placing a candle inside.
1846年单独出版的一则美国报纸故事和一首诗,都提到人们将相貌刻入南瓜并放入了里面的蜡烛.
The rest is history.
其余为历史.
Pumpkins make excellent jack- o’-lanterns: they are large enough to be carved in all kinds of elaborate designs, and they are plentiful in the fall.
南瓜制作出优秀的J-O-型:它们足够大,可以被雕刻出各种精心设计的图案,在秋天中它们丰满.
Today, creating and displaying jack-o’-lanterns is a beloved Halloween tradition for many families.
今天,创造和展示 jick-o-lanters 是许多家庭所喜爱的万圣节传统。
Some people still carve turnips for Halloween.
有些人仍然为万圣节而雕刻花花果.
Traditions of the Past A number of Halloween traditions popular in the past are less well known today.
过去传统中一些过去流行的万圣节传统在今天鲜为人知.
Interestingly, several of these traditions are related to the Celtic custom of fortune-telling at Samhain, which survived in different forms for centuries.
有趣的是,这些传统中有几个与凯尔特人在桑哈因的算命习俗有关,这种习俗以不同的形式活了几个世纪.
For example, sometimes people played games on Halloween night to predict who they might marry.
例如,有时人们在万圣节之夜玩游戏来预测谁可以结婚.
A girl might look into a mirror while holding a candle to see the face of her future husband.
一个女孩可能一边看一面镜子,一边拿着蜡烛去见她未来丈夫的脸.
Even the classic Halloween party game of bobbing for apples began as a form of fortune-telling.
甚至连经典的万圣节派对游戏"为苹果出手"也开始作为算命的一种形式.
In this game, players attempt to remove an apple from a tub of water using only their mouths.
在这个游戏中,玩家试图只用口从水桶取出一粒苹果.
The first person to get an apple out of the tub was supposed to be the first to marry thereafter.
第一个从浴缸取出苹果的人应该是后来第一个结婚.
Today, fortune-telling has dropped out of many Halloween games, but people might meet a fortune-teller at a Halloween party or haunted house.
今天,算命游戏已经退出了许多万圣节游戏,但人们可能会在万圣节派对上或鬼屋会遇到算命的.
Children bob for apples at a party in the United States in the early 1900s.
1900年代初在美国的一个派对上 孩子们买苹果
Halloween Today The modern Halloween celebration is a fairly recent invention, though it is often mixed with ancient traditions like that of the Samhain bonfire.
今天万圣节 现代万圣节庆典是一个相当近的发明,尽管它经常被和诸如"桑哈因篝火"这样的古老传统混为一谈.
This is especially true in North America, where the holiday was not widely celebrated until the 1800s.
在北美尤其如此,直到1800年代,这个节日才被广泛庆祝.
Halloween was frowned upon by many of the first European settlers in the New World; the Puritans, for example, considered Halloween a silly waste of time at best and discouraged people from celebrating it.
万圣节被新世界最早的欧洲定居者所笼罩;例如,清教徒认为万圣节充其量是愚蠢的浪费时间,并劝阻人们不要庆祝.
The holiday became much more popular when huge numbers of Irish immigrants came to the United States in the 1800s, bringing their traditions with them.
当大量爱尔兰移民于1800年代来美国,带来了他们的传统,这个节日变得更加受欢迎.
With the immigrants came jack-o’- lanterns and mumming, and gradually more Americans began to celebrate Halloween.
随着移民的到来,JJ-o-灯笼和鸣叫,逐渐有更多的美国人开始庆祝万圣节.
Unfortunately, though, as Halloween celebrations became more popular, pranks and vandalism became common on Halloween night.
但不幸的是,随着万圣节庆祝活动越来越受欢迎,恶作剧和破坏行为在万圣节之夜变得普遍.
By the 1930s, the pranks had become a major problem.
到20世纪30年代,恶作剧已经成为了一大问题.
Some city governments addressed the issue by trying to remake Halloween into a family holiday, organizing trick-or-treating events and encouraging children to participate.
一些市政府通过尝试将万圣节改造成家庭节日,组织诡计或虐待活动,鼓励儿童参与来解决这个问题.
The initial trick-or-treaters in the 1930s and 1940s received cookies and fruit as well as toys and even pocket change.
1930年代和1940年代最初的特技治疗者得到了饼干和水果以及玩具甚至口袋零食.
Candy became a popular offering as trick- or-treating became more widespread in the 1950s.
糖果成为了流行的提供品,因为诡计或治疗在1950年代变得更加普遍.
However, the tiny, individually wrapped Halloween candy bars common today didn’t appear until the 1970s.
但直到20世纪70年代,
Although the treats have changed over the years, kids’ enthusiasm hasn’t.
虽然这些年来,
In the United States alone, more than 41 million children between the ages of five and fourteen went trick-or-treating in 2014.
仅在美国,2014年就有4100多万名5至14岁的儿童接受了诡计或治疗。
Where Costume Ideas Come From Other 10.
化妆创意来自其他10。
1% Online 31.
1%在线31。
4% In a store 26.
4%在26号店
8% Friends or family 18.
8%的朋友或家庭 18.
1% Pop culture 13.
1%的流行文化 13.
6% Fun Halloween Facts Pounds of fresh pumpkin consumed per person in the United States in 2013: 4.
2013年美国每人消费的新鲜南瓜: 4. 国家
2 Percentage of dedicated Halloween fans who begin shopping before September: 5% Total spent on Halloween in the United States in 2015: $6.
2 9月前开始购物的专用万圣节粉丝百分比: 2015年美国万圣节总开支5%: 6块.
89 billion Celebrating in a Crowd Halloween’s popularity is on the rise.
890亿 庆祝万圣节的热门活动在增加。
Especially in the United States and Canada, the number of people who celebrate Halloween each year is growing.
特别是在美国和加拿大,每年庆祝万圣节的人越来越多.
Some cities are organizing community trick-or-treating events at malls, churches, and community centers.
有些城市正在商场、教堂和社区中心组织社区诡计或治疗活动。
These events help kids pile up lots of candy in a short amount of time, and they also help to keep trick-or-treaters safe from street traffic.
这些事件帮助孩子们在短时间内堆放出大量糖果,他们也帮助使"诡计"或"治疗"者安全地远离街头交通.
The crowds aren’t made up of kids alone; adults are celebrating Halloween in increasing numbers, too.
民众并非只由孩子组成;
In 2015, consumers actually planned to spend more on costumes for adults than on costumes for children.
2015年,消费者实际计划花费更多用于成人服装而非儿童服装.
Many adults (especially young adults) participate in the festivities by hosting or attending Halloween parties as well as dressing in costume.
许多成年人(尤其是年轻的成年人)通过主办或参加万圣节派对以及着装来参加庆典.
Halloween is fun for kids— but adults definitely don’t want to be left out.
万圣节是孩子们的乐趣,
Children trick-or-treat at an organized event.
儿童在有组织的活动中玩弄或虐待。
A Mix of Old and New Halloween today looks very different from the Halloween celebrations of the 1950s, the 1800s, and the Samhain festival of the ancient Celts; its traditions continue to change, mixing the old with the new.
今天的"新旧万圣节"混合体看起来与1950年代的"万圣节","1800年代"和"古代凯尔特人"的"桑海因节"大相径庭;其传统不断改变,将"旧"与"新"相混合.
From bonfires to chocolate bars, from coal-filled turnips to candle-lit pumpkins, Halloween is a holiday that changes with the times, providing fun and entertainment for one spooky night each year.
从篝火到巧克力酒吧,从充满煤的燕尾薯到烛光的南瓜,万圣节是一个随时间而变化的节日,每年为一出诡异的夜晚提供乐趣和娱乐.
Today, Halloween is rich with traditions from several different cultures that people of all ages can enjoy.
今天,万圣节有着来自不同文化的传统,所有年龄的人都可以享受。
Two girls dress up for Halloween in the United States in 1898.
1898年在美国有两名女孩为万圣节而着装.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
An entire industry exists around Halloween candy, costumes, and party supplies.
万圣节糖果、服装和宴会用品都存在
A survey in 2015 found that an astonishing 93.
2015年的一项调查发现,一个惊人的93.
7 percent of Halloween shoppers planned to buy Halloween candy.
有7%的万圣节购物者计划购买万圣节糖果.
Consumers planned to spend $2.
消费者计划花费2美元.
1 billion on candy alone.
单靠糖果就10亿
Shoppers also planned to spend about $28 per household on costumes, and many even planned to buy costumes for their pets.
店主还计划每户花费约28美元购买服装,许多人甚至计划为宠物购买服装.
A total of 44.
总计44人.
8 percent of people celebrating Halloween planned to decorate their yards.
8%的庆祝万圣节的人计划装饰他们的庭院.
And 31.
31号
5 percent of consumers planned either to host a Halloween party or attend one.
5%的消费者计划要么举办万圣节派对,要么参加一场.
The average amount spent by people celebrating the holiday was $74.
人们庆祝节日的平均花费为74美元.
Source: National Retail Federation, 2015.
资料来源:国家零售联合会,2015年。