of Anime
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Art for All.
4"全民艺术".
5 From Curious Sketches to Comics.
5 从好奇斯克特斯到漫画.
7 Cartoons Spring to Life.
7漫画"春去生去".
8 The Sorrows and Lessons of War.
8"忧伤与战争教训".
12 Anime Today.
12 Anime Today. (英语).
14 Glossary.
14 词汇表。
16 Introduction Long before written words existed, there were pictures.
16 早在书面文字存在之前,就有图片。
Early people used images to tell stories.
早期人们使用图像来讲述故事.
From prehistoric paintings on cave walls to delicate figures carved into clay, the images reflected how the artists saw themselves and the world in which they lived.
从史前的岩洞壁上绘画到刻成粘土的微妙人物,图像反映了艺术家们对自己和所生活的世界的看法.
As language developed, written symbols and words became a more common way to share ideas.
随着语言的发展,书写符号和文字成为了交流思想的更常见方式.
Art, however, continued to be an important part of storytelling.
然而,艺术仍然是讲故事的一个重要部分。
Today, images are seen not just in paintings and illustrations but also as moving figures in animated cartoons and video games.
今天,图像不仅在绘画和插图中被看成是动画漫画和电子游戏中的动画人物.
One of the more common styles of moving art comes from the Asian island nation of Japan.
更常见的动画风格之一出自于日本的亚洲岛国.
Known as anime, it has become popular around the world.
被称为"动漫",已经在全世界流行.
The cave paintings (main) in Lascaux, France, and clay tablets (inset) from Mesopotamia tell ancient stories.
法国拉斯科的洞穴绘画(主作)和美索不达米亚出土的粘土平板(收录)讲述了古代的故事.
Art for All The history of anime began more than two hundred years ago.
全民艺术 动漫的历史始于200多年前.
Before the nineteenth century, most Japanese artwork was done on large scrolls.
在19世纪之前,大多数日本的艺术品都是用大卷轴作的.
The techniques used to make scroll art were precise and time-consuming.
制作卷轴艺术所用的技术准确而费时。
One method involved painting each image with a single long brushstroke.
一种方法涉及将每个图像都画出一幅长长的刷子。
Another method required artists to carve images into a woodblock, coat the block with ink, and then press the block onto a surface to create prints.
另一种方法要求艺术家将图像刻入木块中,用墨水将块涂上,再将块压入地表以生成指纹.
These forms of art were very expensive to create.
这些艺术形式造就起来非常昂贵.
Only wealthy people in Japan could afford to own scrolls.
日本只有有钱人才能拥有卷轴。
Colored woodblock prints required a different block for each color.
彩色木块打印需要每个颜色不同的块.
Some prints had twenty different blocks for one complete image.
一些指纹有20个不同的块 一个完整的图像。
In 1814, a new art form called manga appeared.
1814年,出现了一种叫"漫画"的新艺术形式.
Manga sketches were drawn freely on sheets of paper.
壁画素描被自由取自于纸上.
A printmaker named Hokusai used manga sketches to teach his students and had them make their own.
一个叫胡克赛的印刷师用漫画素描来教导他的学生,让他们自己做.
The students shared their work, and the humorous images caught on with the public.
学生们分享了他们的作品,公众也看到了幽默的画面。
Manga could be made more quickly and cheaply than scroll art.
比起卷轴艺术,漫画可以更快更便宜地制作.
Its low cost made it available to everyone.
它的成本低廉,使每个人都能获得。
One of the most famous pieces of manga art is Hokusai’s illustration of the well-known fable “The Blind Men and the Elephant.”
漫画艺术最出名的一幅是胡克赛所描绘的著名寓言"盲人与象". “
The term manga is a combination of two Japanese words— man, meaning “curious,” and ga, meaning “sketches”—that together are the equivalent of the English word cartoon.
漫画一词由两个日语词——人,意为 " 好奇 " 和 " ga " ,意为 " sketches " ——合并而来,相当于英语单词 " 卡通 " 。
It was first used by the artist Katsushika Hokusai to describe his own comical sketchbook drawings.
它最早被艺术家克佐希卡·浩克赛(Katsushika Hokusai)用来描述他自己的漫画草图画.
From Curious Sketches to Comics Japanese manga came into its own in the late 1800s.
从"好奇"斯克特切斯到漫画"日本漫画"在1800年代后期进入了自己.
Up until the mid-1800s, Japan had been an isolated country.
直到1800年代中期,日本一直是一个孤立的国家.
That changed in 1853 when a United States naval expedition forced Japan to open its ports to international trade.
这在1853年美国海军远征军迫使日本开放港口进行国际贸易时发生了变化.
British and American merchants arrived soon after, bringing newspapers from home.
英国和美国商人不久后到来,从家中带来了报纸.
Japanese manga artists were influenced by the style of political cartoons and comics in Western papers.
日本漫画艺术家受到西方报纸上政治漫画和漫画风格的影响.
They began using similar forms, such as sequenced story panels, in their own art.
他们开始在自己的艺术中采用相类似的形式,如有顺序的故事面板.
Manga characters also adopted the more expressive features seen in Western illustrations.
漫威人物也采用了西方插图中看到的更能表现的特征.
By the turn of the twentieth century, manga appeared in many Japanese newspapers.
到二十世纪之交,漫画在许多日本报纸上出现.
Political cartoons done in manga made fun of current events.
漫画中完成的政治漫画取笑了时事.
Manga comic strips entertained children and adults with simple, funny stories.
漫威漫画以简单,搞笑的故事来娱乐儿童和成人.
More and more people enjoyed lively manga art.
越来越多的人享受活泼的漫画艺术.
Manga newspaper comic strips look like their Western counterparts.
漫威报连环画外观与西方同行相仿.
Cartoons Spring to Life The new century brought with it a different type of media—motion pictures.
漫画"春去生去" 新世纪带来了一种不同类型的媒体——运动图片。
Film studios in the United States and other Western nations began producing movies.
美国等西方国家的电影制片厂开始出品电影.
People packed theaters to see this new form of entertainment.
人们打包了剧院 看这种新的娱乐形式。
Motion pictures soon spread to theaters in other countries, including Japan.
动画很快被传播到包括日本在内的其他国家的剧院.
The first movies were short black-and-white silent films.
最早的电影是短篇黑白无声电影.
There was no recorded speech.
没有录音讲话。
Theater musicians played while the film rolled.
剧场音乐家在影片滚动的同时出演.
Words appeared on the screen to explain what was happening and what the characters were saying.
屏幕上出现了文字来解释当时发生的事情和人物们所说的话.
Since voices couldn’t be recorded, actors had to find other ways to show emotion.
由于声音无法被录制,演员必须另找其他方式来表现情感.
Their performances, although silent, were quite dramatic, with exaggerated expressions and gestures.
他们的表现虽然沉默了,但相当戏剧化,表现和姿态夸张.
Actresses in the 1917 film Patria use overly dramatic gestures to convey their characters’ emotions.
1917年电影"帕特里娅"中的女演员使用过于戏剧性的姿态来表达自己人物的情感.
Cartoonists around the world were fascinated with this new medium.
世界各地的漫画家都对这个新媒介着迷.
In the United States, illustrators like Walt Disney and Max Fleischer figured out how to turn drawings into moving images.
在美国,华特·迪士尼和马克斯·弗莱舍等插画家想出如何将绘画转化为可移动的图像.
Soon, popular comic characters sprang to life on the big screen.
不久后,流行的漫画人物在大银幕上涌现出生命.
The animated movies, like live-action movies, had no sound.
动画电影,如活动电影,没有出声.
Music played and cartoon characters used movement, gestures, and expressions to tell the story, just as real film actors did.
音乐演奏和卡通人物使用动作,手势,和表情来讲述故事,就像真正的电影演员一样.
These animated movies were called shorts because they ran less than ten minutes.
这些动画电影被称作短片,因为它们跑得不到十分钟.
Children and adults delighted in the animated shorts, which were shown before full-length feature films at movie theaters.
儿童和成年人对动画短片感到高兴,短片在电影院全长故事片前放映.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Before films and cartoons had sound tracks or recorded dialogue, music in theaters was live.
在电影和漫画有音轨或录制出对话之前,剧场里的音乐是活的.
Sometimes a single person played the piano along with the action on the screen.
有时一个人会和屏幕上的动作一起演奏钢琴.
Sometimes a full orchestra played.
有时一个完整的管弦乐演奏.
The music served two functions.
音乐有两个功能。
The first was to drown out the loud projector noises.
首先是把响亮的投影器噪音淹死.
The second was to keep the audience excited about what it was watching.
第二是让观众对它正在看的东西感到兴奋.
Soon manga artists such as Seitaro Kitayama were making Japanese animated shorts.
不久,北山静太郎等漫画艺术家正在制作日本动画短片.
The bold features of manga characters lent themselves to the dramatic action and expressions needed to tell stories in silent films.
漫画人物的大胆特征为无声电影中讲述故事所需要的戏剧性动作和表达提供了借鉴.
Japanese cartoons were called animēshon, based on the English word animation.
日本动画被称作"动画"(animêshon),以英文单词动画为主.
In time, this was shortened to anime.
随着时间的推移,这个被缩短到动能.
As technology improved, color and recorded speech were added to Western cartoons.
随着技术的改进,在西方漫画中加入了色彩和录音的语音.
During the 1930s, American cartoonists tried to make their human characters look more lifelike.
在20世纪30年代,美国漫画家试图让自己的人物看起来更像生活.
This style was seen in Disney’s first full-length animated movie, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.
这种风格在迪士尼的第一部全长动画电影"白雪公主"和"七小矮人"中被看到.
This film also featured technology called multiplane animation.
本片还主演了名为多飞机动画的技术.
Its purpose was to make the background and action look realistic as well.
其目的是使背景和行动看起来也切合实际。
Glass panels were painted with different background images and stacked on top of each other.
玻璃面板被涂上不同的背景图像并堆放相上.
The layered panels were moved back and forth during filming to improve depth of field and motion.
分层的面板在拍摄过程中被前后移动,以提高场和运动的深度.
Multiplane cameras helped create the appearance of depth in animated films.
多相机相机有助于在动画片中创造出深度的外观.
The Anime Look Anime has a distinct appearance.
动漫"外观"(Anime Look Anime)有着鲜明的外观.
Backgrounds are very detailed, and characters are often high energy, with exaggerated expressions and gestures.
背景非常详细,人物往往能量高,有夸张的表达和手势.
Many anime cartoons show action as viewed from different and extreme angles not used in Western cartoons.
许多动漫展现了从西方漫画中没有使用的不同和极端角度看待的动作.
Anime characters have prominent eyes and brightly colored hair.
动画人物有突出的眼睛和明亮的有色发.
The eyes are especially telling in anime.
眼睛在动画中特别明显
Characters with large eyes are childlike and trustworthy, while smaller eyes, narrowed into a squint, indicate sneakiness.
有大眼睛的字符是幼稚和可信赖的,而较小的眼睛,被收缩成一双相片,表示有狡猾之分.
Tiny eyes reveal evil.
细眼出恶相.
A character’s eyes don’t always remain the same shape and size.
角色的眼睛并不总是一样的形状和大小。
When a character is embarrassed, red lines appear across the character’s nose.
当一个角色感到尴尬时,红线会出现在角色的鼻子上.
Scratching the back of the head makes the character seem more embarrassed.
将后脑勺打出后脑勺使得角色显得更尴尬.
Blue lines across the face, narrowed eyes, bulging veins, or drops of sweat show anger.
蓝线横过相貌,收缩相目,出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出
Hair in anime has a unique look as well.
动漫中的发型也有独特的外观.
It is often oddly styled and changes shape to convey movement and emotion.
它常常是奇特的风格并改变形状来传达运动和情感.
Japanese anime filmmakers added sound but did not adopt the realistic look seen in Western cartoons.
日本动画制片人添加了声音,但并没有采用西方漫画中所看到的现实外观.
Instead, they used a technique from full-length Japanese movies—long, still camera shots that suddenly shifted to close-ups for dramatic effect.
相反,他们使用了日本全长电影的手法——长相相机镜头突然转向特写,以产生戏剧效果。
Anime cartoonists also continued to draw in the black-and-white anime style that defined their work as truly Japanese.
Anime漫画家们也继续用黑白动画风格来画画,将自己的作品定义为真正的日本人.
The Sorrows and Lessons of War One reason anime did not change was cost.
战争的悲哀和教训... ... .
Although background is an important part of anime, techniques such as multiplane animation were expensive.
虽然背景是动画的重要组成部分,但多飞机动画等技术却很昂贵.
Another reason had to do with the start of World War II in 1939.
另一个原因与1939年开始的二战有关.
When the war began, Japanese leaders sought the support of citizens.
战争开始后,日本领导人寻求市民的支持.
They tried to develop national pride by banning movies and cartoons made in other countries.
他们试图通过禁止其他国家制作的电影和漫画来发展民族自豪.
Anything that looked foreign was forbidden; artists could only make art that celebrated Japanese values.
任何外观外观的事物都是被禁止的;艺术家只能制作出颂扬日本价值观的艺术.
Some animators refused to follow these rules and fled Japan.
一些动画师拒绝遵守这些规则并逃离了日本.
Others continued to create and release their art secretly.
其他人继续秘密地创作和发行他们的艺术.
If caught, they faced punishment.
如果被抓了,他们就会受到惩罚。
World War II ended terribly for Japan in 1945.
二战结束于1945年对日本来说是可怕的。
The cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were destroyed by two atomic bombs.
广岛和长崎两座城市被两枚原子弹所摧毁.
Hundreds of thousands of lives were lost.
数十万人丧生.
The war had a strong effect on the Japanese people and their art.
这场战争对日本人民及其艺术产生了强烈的影响.
The lighthearted fun of anime was replaced by more serious themes.
动漫的轻心取乐被更严肃的主题所取而代之.
Now free from government rules, manga and anime artists used their work to promote messages of peace, justice, and freedom.
现在不受政府统治,漫画和动漫艺术家利用他们的作品来宣传和平,正义和自由的信息.
Posters convinced the Japanese people to support their government against Japan’s enemies.
海报说服了日本人民支持他们的政府对日本的敌人.
Often, these messages were delivered using a new 1950s technology—television.
这些信息常常是用1950年代的新技术——电视——传送的。
Through television, anime found a wider audience because cartoons could now be watched at home.
通过电视,动漫找到了更广泛的观众,因为漫画现在可以在家里观看.
One of the most popular anime shows was based on a manga comic book called Mighty Atom drawn by Osamu Tezuka.
其中最受欢迎的动画展是取材自由奥萨穆·德祖卡所绘制的"万能原子"漫画.
The main character, Mighty Atom, was a robot boy with rockets for feet.
主角"威力原子"(Mennical Atom)是一个有火箭取脚的机器人男孩.
In the show, he traveled the world, saving it from danger.
在节目中他游历了世界,从危险中拯救了世界.
Mighty Atom became one of the most popular television shows in Japan.
厉害 Atom成为了日本最受欢迎的电视节目之一.
In the early 1960s, it became a hit series in the United States as well under a new title, Astro Boy.
在20世纪60年代早期,它也成为了美国的一个命中系列,并被取名为"Astro Boy".
The success of Astro Boy paved the way for other anime cartoon shows.
Astro Boy的成功为其他动漫表演铺平了道路.
Called mecha, the cartoons featured teens and giant robots working to save the world from monsters.
被称为"mecha",漫画以青少年和巨型机器人为主角,致力于从怪物手中拯救世界.
Mazinger Z was a popular mecha in Japan during the 1970s.
马赞格 Z是1970年代在日本流行的杂技演员.
Its main character was a super robot made from a special metal discovered on Japan’s Mount Fuji.
它的主角是用日本富士山上所发现的特有金属制成的超级机器人.
Astro Boy premiered on New Year’s Day in 1963.
Astro Boy于1963年元旦首映.
Anime Today Modern anime, like manga, has become more specialized, with characters and story lines geared toward specific audiences.
今天动画 现代动画和漫画一样,已经变得更加专业化,人物和故事线都以特定的受众为对象.
Shonen—manga made for boys—stars male characters and has story lines that highlight action and comedy.
Shonen-manga为男主角所制作,
The popular shonen Dragon Ball Z first ran in Japan in 1989 and continues to be shown on television stations throughout the world.
受欢迎的"龙球Z"于1989年在日本首次出道,并在世界各地的电视台上继续上映.
Shojo—manga made for girls, at first starred female characters with story lines that focused on emotions and relationships.
Shojo-manga为女孩而作,最初是女主角,故事情节以情感和关系为主.
It eventually evolved to include more active heroines involved in romance and adventure.
它最终演化为包括更活跃的女主角参与浪漫与冒险.
The 1990s anime series Sailor Moon by artist Naoko Takeuchi is a classic example of shojo.
1990年代的动画系列"水手"(Sailor Moon)由艺术家竹内直子所创作,是"相克"的经典例子.
It tells the story of a middle-school girl who receives special powers and becomes a guardian of Earth, protecting it from evil forces.
它讲述了一个接受特殊力量并成为地球守护者的中学生女孩的故事,保护她免受邪恶势力的伤害.
The Sailor Moon character is used in at least three films and thirty-nine video games.
帆船月球角色至少被用在了三部电影和三十九部电子游戏中.
Dragon Ball Z ran from 1989 to 2003.
龙球 Z从1989年跑到2003年.
In the 1980s and 1990s, Japanese studios began to make anime films that were hits around the world.
在1980年代和1990年代,日本制片厂开始拍摄在世界各地被点击的动画片.
In 1984, Hayao Miyazaki released Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, which saw great success.
1984年,宫崎孝男释放了"风之谷"的Nausicaä,后者获得了巨大的成功.
It told the story of a young princess who must save her planet.
它讲述了一个年轻公主必须拯救她星球的故事.
In 2001, the Japanese anime Spirited Away brought the tale of a young girl who enters the spirit world to the big screen.
2001年,日本动漫"灵魂出道"将进入"灵魂世界"的少女故事带到了大银幕.
The director, Hayao Miyazaki, received much praise for the film, which eventually won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature.
导演宫崎早男因这部电影而获得了很多好评,最终获得了学院最佳动画特长奖.
Anime is featured in the latest twenty-first- century media, too.
Anime也在最新的21世纪媒体中被报道.
Favorite characters such as Astro Boy, Digimon, and Dragon Ball Z fighters spring to life in video games.
最喜爱的角色有:Astro Boy,Digimon等;而"龙球Z"战斗机在电子游戏中会弹出生命之泉.
Gamers control their heroes and heroines, directing them to fulfill missions at the push of a button.
赌徒控制着他们的英雄和女主角,在按下按钮时指示他们完成任务.
Just like figures from long ago, the images on the screen enact tales of adventure and daring.
和很久以前的数字一样 屏幕上的图像 描绘出冒险和大胆的故事
The dynamic characters in anime, though, take modern storytelling art to a whole new level.
动画中的活泼人物 将现代故事艺术 带到全新的水平
Spirited Away has earned more than $289 million since its release in 2001.
自2001年发布以来,精神之旅已经赚取了2.89多亿美元。